A D Korczyn

..This surprising finding highlights the importance of mixed vascular-degenerative dementia as a disorder that has to be properly defined and has important implications on prevention and treatment...

..Several reasons might account for this failure, which are discussed, as well as the prospects for the future...

..Interestingly, attention to risk factors, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia and smoking could reduce or delay the incidence of dementia, both vascular and AD...

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..It would be helpful and justified to enable subjects to continue in the study in an open-label design in this situation, once they sign a suitable informed consent. A no-fault insurance could be provided to the patient in this situation...

..These unexpected findings highlight the importance of mixed vascular-degenerative dementia as a disorder which has to be properly defined and has important implications on prevention and treatment...

..This article looks critically at the basis of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" to conclude that there are many issues that need to be resolved since they are inconsistent with the hypothesis...

..One of the recent trends is early employment of dopamine agonists. Additional efforts are being directed towards protecting and restoring dopamine neurons. Novel therapies acting on non-dopaminergic systems are also being researched...

..We have treated several patients with the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine which produced gratifying results. Future studies should define the exact role of this agent in the treatment of the dementia of PD...

..Perioperative administration of rotigotine appeared to be feasible and efficacious. No safety issues emerged from these observations...

..These may respond to atypical neuroleptics. Clozapine and quetiapine are particularly useful, but require attention to possible adverse effects...

..These surprising findings highlight the importance of mixed vascular-degenerative dementia as a disorder that has to be properly defined...

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..To study the relationships between clinical features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and the development of dementia, depression or psychosis in patients with long-standing disease...

..002), early morning foot dystonia (p < 0.003) and significant postural instability (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: FOG is a common symptom in advanced PD. It is mainly related to disease progression and levodopa treatment...

..023) and higher number of stairs climbed (P < 0.019) by the mice in 3 min. This simple test demonstrated that experimental APS animals are significantly hyperactive and may serve as a marker for CNS involvement in this model...

..To determine the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms to the time to appearance of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson's disease...

..02, P < 0.05, P < 0.005 and P < 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Rivastigmine may improve the cognitive functions in PD patients with dementia with no worsening of motor function...

..While the results support a protective effect of schooling against the development of dementia, other factors (e.g. genetic) must be sought to explain this high frequency...

..The differences in qEEG in patients with different stages of dementia under donepezil treatment may be related to different compensatory capacities due to structural and functional brain disturbances...

..To provide functional magnetic resonance imaging-based insight into the impact of left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) on language-related functional re-organization...

..To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of ropinirole with bromocriptine over 3 years in patients with early PD with limited or no previous dopaminergic therapy...

..We compared cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) assessed in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with and without PSD. VMR was also assessed and compared in demented and non-demented patients in the late phase of IS...

..Cerebral autoregulation status can be determined by assessing cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR). We assessed and compared VMR in patients with OH with and without syncope...

..We conclude that aPL IgG bind ATP, probably through beta32-GPI. This binding could interfere with the normal extracellular function of ATP and similar neurotransmitters...

..Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of other risk factors for psychosis in PD. Aims. To evaluate the contribution of the drug profile of patients with PD to emergence of hallucinations...

..The CNS manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can mimic multiple sclerosis both clinically and radiologically...

..NIP develops unrelated to duration of neuroleptic treatment or age of the patient, suggesting an individual predisposition to blockage of the dopaminergic receptors...

..To evaluate data of quantitative anal sphincter EMG in normal controls and to compare them with patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA)...

..We conclude that physically traumatic events not related to seizures are fewer among patients with epilepsy with and without seizures compared with controls, probably because of increased cautiousness...

..m.) and 10 tachycardia (>400 b.p.m.) (P<0.01, F-test). sHR in EAN rats was significantly lower (P<0.01), suggesting sympathetic system impairment. These findings may serve as a basis for testing treatments of ANS dysfunction in EAN...

..The EEG is particularly helpful in supporting the epileptic nature of the event in younger patients and in those with seizures of unknown origin...

..Our results show that a regular moderate physical exercise program has a short-lived positive effect on disability in ALS patients and should be recommended...

..These findings indicate that modulation of Ras activation has a significant impact on the MRL/lpr model and may represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of systemic autoimmune diseases such as SLE and APS...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Our patients with parkin mutation performed poorly on neuropsychological tests compared to those with YOPD. This difference could reflect the longer disease duration or the nature of the degenerative process...

..They may suggest some difference in the posterior background activity in the EEG in migraine patients as compared to the controls, but are not useful in differentiating migraine from non-migraine patients...

..Further, the high selection may limit the generalizability of the results of such studies...

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..Cold application to the hand (CAH) is associated in healthy people with increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)...

..These results support the hypothesis that aPL that gain access to the central nervous system may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of APS...

..These results also demonstrate that DGGE can be used effectively to screen for mutations within this gene...

..This technique, therefore, might serve as a better indication for the extensive nerve fiber loss in the white matter that is caused by vascular disease...

..The mechanisms underlying the evolution of the disease, as well as the species barrier are better understood...

..08 +/- 0.03 xg at baseline; 0.12 +/- 0.02 xg at Week 12 of treatment, P = 0.02). Left-hand tremor amplitude did not change. Rivastigmine caused only slight worsening of tremor in demented PD patients, while improving cognition...

..Several debates were held between opposing leaders in the fields of multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, epilepsy and headache...

..We review those manifestations and their contribution to the clarification of the pathophysiologic processes of PD, and discuss the implications for treatment of the disease...

..Here we review the complex relationships between dementia and depression and suggest that excessive release of corticosteroids may have a neurotoxic effects...

..More specifically, we aimed at evaluating the ability of this methodology to identify tissue damage in the so-called normal-appearing white matter (NAWM)...

..CAC-positive APS patients seem to be at risk for developing dementia with age, suggesting a pathogenic role for prolonged exposure to elevated aPL...

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..This article discusses the possible contribution of vascular factors to the cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease and its implication for the management...

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..The results indicate a significant interaction between APP genotype and the induction of APS on a female background. The mechanisms involved may also be important in human APS-AD co-morbidity...

..We conclude that there is an association between meningitis, either bacterial or aseptic, and subsequent persistent recurrent migrainous or nonmigrainous headache...

..98)]. CONCLUSION: Subjects with SMC have an increased risk of developing dementia, particularly those with lower cognitive status at entry and with older age at onset of memory complaints, and shorter duration of their memory complaints...

..The causes inducing these time-related disturbances are discussed, as compared to pharmacokinetics of intrathecally administered metrizamide...

..There were no serious side effects related to intravenous immunoglobulin. These results suggest that intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance therapy is a valid modality in patients with MG...

..Early diagnosis facilitates the measurement of effects on disease progression rate, whereas late diagnosis results in a marked effect of APOE genotype on disease onset...

..Therefore, even in the presence of a confirmed brain lesion, the presenting paroxysmal events may be of a non-organic origin and should not necessarily be assumed to be caused by the concomitantly existing structural abnormality...

..Cerebral hemodynamic features of patients with different types of acute ischemic stroke are still obscure. We compared cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in acute cortical (CI) and subcortical (SI) brain infarcts...

..To determine the optimal dose of ropinirole (ReQuip) for treatment of early Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..2 mU thrombin/mg brain tissue. The present study offers a simple and reliable method for measuring total thrombin inhibitory activity in brain...

..This small difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that dehydration, as reflected by acute weight loss, is an unlikely cause of headache during a single day of fasting. The mechanism of fasting headache remains unclear...

..To determine whether all cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) among Bukhara Jews share the same founder mutation...

..There was not a significant association between plasma tHcy, B12 and folate levels in controls or AD patients. High levels of tHcy may suggest the need for folate and vitamin B12 supplementation in this population...

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..2%) and MSA (6/20, 30%) were higher than among controls (P < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: RRIV, either at rest or after deep breathing, may be abnormal both in PD and MSA, but does not distinguish between these disorders...

..Application-site reactions were predominantly mild or moderate in intensity. In conclusion, the rotigotine transdermal patch represents an effective and safe option for the treatment of patients with early Parkinson's disease...

..All patients completed the study, and most showed an improvement in their tics during treatment. Low-dose ropinirole may improve the motor features in GdlT, but further controlled studies are necessary...

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..These results suggest that neural processing of binaural stimuli is multilevel and begins with independent interaural time and level analyzers in the caudal pons...

..The mechanism involved in these CNS manifestations remains to be elucidated...

..Thermal testing should be considered among the testing modalities that are capable of demonstrating objective findings in patients with radiating low back pain...

..In both groups tremor amplitude increased when the hand was near the mouth. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that ET patients can be classified based on the position dependence of frequency and other physiologic properties...

..The differential modulation of immune function by alternate day compared to daily treatment may provide better understanding of the role of Ras activation in this system...

..We found that disease progression was not affected by cigarette smoking, tea or coffee consumption. The present study suggests that these variables do not have a disease modifying effect in already diagnosed PD patients...

..7 years (p<0.01). Coffee consumption exceeding 3 cups per day advanced the age of PD onset by 4.8 years (p=0.03). Thus, tea consumption and smoking can delay the age of PD onset, while coffee drinking may have the opposite effect...

..We conclude that BFV is normal in PD, MSA and PAF and that the VMR, as investigated by TCD and the Diamox test, did not disclose differences in cerebral vasomotor responses between these conditions...

..The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential risk factors associated with stroke, which occurred in patients hospitalized for other illnesses...

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..The correlation between the PDQ-39 and GSL (r=-0.334) improved by adding the QoSL-Q, as a 9th dimension to the PDQ-39 (r=-0.405). The QoSL-Q is a reliable tool assessed a unique and important dimension not evaluated by the PDQ-39...

..ULD is caused by mutations in the cystatin B (CSTB) gene; the most common mutation is expansion of a dodecamer repeat near the promoter. The authors studied a five-generation Arab family with ULD lacking photosensitivity...

..In this study, these findings are substantiated and extended in a much larger group of patients followed for up to 40 years...

..IgG from most APS patients bound to HRGP, which shares distinct biochemical properties with beta2-GPI, is present in the brain and may be an important autoantigen...

..Since visual loss is a serious complication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), we measured VEP in an attempt to evaluate quantitatively the optic nerve damage in patients with chronic IIH...

..We evaluated the efficacy of a novel preparation of PS containing omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids attached to its backbone (PS-DHA) in non-demented elderly with memory complaints...

..This study demonstrates the utility of high-b-value q-space diffusion MRS for studying white matter-associated disorders in general...

..Results indicate that LDEE solution is beneficial in ameliorating delayed on and no-on response fluctuations. This effect of LDEE is due to more rapid levodopa absorption...

..Effects were confirmed by rotarod and nerve conduction studies. An inactive analogue, geranylthiosalicylate, had no clinical effect. Inhibition of Ras is of potential use in the treatment of inflammatory neuropathies...

..005). Increased brain thrombin inhibition at the clinical peak of EAE probably reflects increased influx of plasma thrombin inhibitors. Early PN-1 changes represent a potential target for thrombin modulating drugs in EAE and MS...

..3% men and 21.9% women). Associated illnesses, use of medications, and advanced stage of PD contributed to sexual dysfunction...

..Despite the controversies regarding the diagnosis of MCI and its exact definition, great progress has been achieved in identifying brain changes, genetic risk factors and prevention factors associated with MCI...

..Early use of ropinirole postpones the onset of dyskinesias, but these benefits decline when levodopa therapy is started, with no evidence of a subsequent rapid "catch-up" or a persisting preventive effect...

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..The limits of available methods are discussed with practical suggestions for the development of such a test...

..We observed three apparently unrelated and geographically separate Arab families with Lafora disease in Israel and the Palestinian territories...

..SUMMARY: The wide range of autonomic involvement, together with results suggesting cognitive and extrapyramidal dysfunction, supports the view that ALS is a multisystem degenerative disease...