Varda Shkap

..sanguineus, no transmission to susceptible cattle occurred during 3 months of observation, and anaplasmosis was not induced in splenectomized calves that were subinoculated with blood from calves on which R. sanguineus had fed...

..As a result, there is a continuing necessity to use available live vaccines in tick and tick-borne disease-control strategies adapted to conditions prevailing in many parts of the world...

..bigemina, as reported from various geographical regions, the Central Asian strain was attenuated similarly to those that form the basis of the existing live B. bigemina vaccines in other parts of the world...

..The present results confirmed our previous findings that cattle grazing in an anaplasmosis-endemic field were subject to concomitant infection with both the vaccine A. centrale and the field A. marginale strains...

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..Upon challenge with virulent live parasites all immunized calves were solidly protected, but only partial protective immunity was acquired by rRAP1 immunization...

..excavatum sporozoites. For a strain to be used for vaccine production, it appears that animal inoculation still remains the most reliable method to assess the degree of attenuation and protection...

..bigemina-infected females did not. Since B. bigemina is transmitted exclusively by nymphal stages of Bo. annulatus these results support the observation that immunity induced by Bm86 affects the larval stage of this tick...

..Most treated gerbils produced high specific antibody titer and were protected against a challenge. Overall, artemisone could be considered as a future drug for neosporosis...

..antibodies performed on horses from the Middle East and the first to report significant difference in seropositivity between asymptomatic horses and horses exhibiting neurological signs...

..caninum antigen was probed with B. besnoiti antiserum. Immunization and challenge experiments in the highly susceptible Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) showed essentially no cross-protection between N. caninum and B. besnoiti...

..centrale vaccine efficacy...

..The H. canis cyst stage differs in size and morphology from the large cysts of H. americanum, the second Hepatozoon species known to infect dogs...

..Information concerning the genetic diversity of Anaplasma spp. MSPs will likely influence the development of serodiagnostic assays and vaccine strategies for the control of anaplasmosis...

..These results establish that there are at least two specific barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission, the midgut and salivary glands, and highlight the complexity of the pathogen-tick interaction...

..The findings support the investigation of NcSRS2 immunogens for protection against N. caninum-induced fetal infection and abortion in cattle...

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..4 to 91.3%. The overall mismatch between laboratories was around 30% by whatever technique used. This paper describes the methodological parameters that could explain the variation of results...

..centrale vaccine (Theiler, 1911) specifically. This study confirms the suitability of 16S rDNA sequences to define genera and demonstrates the usefulness of GroEL sequences for defining species of erythrocytic Anaplasma...

..Skeletal pain and recumbency were manifested in 2 dogs. This study further elucidates the life cycle of H. canis and provides a sequential morphologic description of H. canis merogony, gamontogony, and sporogony...

..canis present in dogs, we propose to identify the novel feline genotype of B. canis described in the present study as a new subspecies, B. canis subsp. presentii...

..This may explain the frequent detection of host-specific genotypes with unknown taxonomic status in surface water and the existence of geographically restricted C. hominis genotypes in humans...