Jonathan Rabinowitz

..In the long term, risperidone prevents relapse in more patients and for a longer time and also induces less abnormal movements than haloperidol...

..Schizophrenia may follow a course of amelioration, deterioration or stability. It is possible that deterioration at the aggregate level may be due to a sub-group of patients with a tendency to deteriorate...

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..Empirical support for this hypothesis comes primarily from small samples using retrospectively collected data...

..Thus, it is not clear to what extent results are generalizable to most individuals treated for a psychotic illness who may not be eligible for such trials...

..Males had earlier ages at first hospitalization than females. The results suggest that immigration may have a delaying effect on age of first admission and support previous findings regarding gender difference in age of onset...

..4 (+/- 3.8) months after detoxification. Naltrexone maintenance and counseling following rapid detoxification may be as effective as intensive inpatient detoxification and counseling...

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..This report consists of a post hoc subanalysis of data from a large double-blind, randomized pivotal trial in which we compared onset of therapeutic effect between risperidone and haloperidol...

..Patients who remain in hospital for an extended time pose a special therapeutic challenge...

..The purpose of this study was to compare the rehospitalization rates of patients discharged from the hospital while being treated with risperidone, olanzapine, or conventional antipsychotics...

..This study examined changes in insurance coverage during the 24 months after first admission for a psychotic disorder and the relationship of insurance type to the extent of care...

..This study examined prevalence of perceived need for mental health assistance, characteristics of people with a perceived need, and how persons with a need who sought help were different from those who did not...

..The extent of premorbid changes associated with the onset of schizophrenia are debated...

..Further, cognitive improvement associated with treatment with risperidone was not influenced by changes in symptoms, but that relationship was significant in haloperidol-treated patients...

..The authors tested the CMAI factor structure by use of data from three samples of nursing home patients categorized a priori as having at least mild behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia...

..Investigating the relationship between premorbid functioning and treatment response in schizophrenia is relevant to understanding the illness and predicting treatment outcomes...

..The interaction showed that for males less education predicted poorer hospitalization outcomes if an earlier onset occurred. Together, the results suggest that less educated, early onset males are at higher risk of a poorer course...

..Population-based studies of cognitive and behavioral premorbid functioning in psychotic disorders generally focus on late adolescence in schizophrenia and most are based on IQ test scores...

..0%, 44.8%, and 27.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Time to antipsychotic response varied widely, suggesting that, in first-episode schizophrenia, longer treatment trials may be necessary...

..This article examines the appropriateness of applying CFA to PANSS data and the dimensionality of the PANSS in a large sample of persons with chronic schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder...

..Consistent with new epidemiological research, early assessment of premorbid functioning could provide an avenue for targeted interventions that might improve outcomes...

..To examine the effect of risperidone on specific behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) among patients with psychosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Persons with psychotic illnesses have an increased risk for suicide, especially early in the illness. Sufficient knowledge allowing for early recognition is lacking...

..3). The risk profiles together correctly classified 90.7% (137/151) of subsequent suicide attempts. Suicide attempts at first admission and premorbid years of education have long-term prognostic utility and risk profiles are available...

..The extent of heterogeneity in antipsychotic treatment response for over extended period is unclear. This study aimed to quantify treatment response trajectories and their characteristics up to 2 years in recent-onset psychosis...

..Despite suggestions that an earlier age of onset and being male confer to a poorer course of schizophrenia, evidence regarding when these effects are most salient appears to be ambiguous...

..Trajectory studies highlight heterogeneity in treatment response, although they are yet to systematically differentiate between antipsychotic medications...

..Data on attaining and maintaining symptom remission associated with specific antipsychotic medications are rare and variant...

..This should be further tested in studies where negative symptoms improve without concomitant improvement of other symptoms...

..This research has not been replicated nor examined in individual trials. This study aims to examine the feasibility of extrapolation from the CGI to the PANSS across and within 4 large clinical trials of antipsychotic medication...

..Collectively, dropout rates are lower for second- than first-generation antipsychotic drugs and appear to be partly explained by trial design features thus providing direction for future trial design...

..PANSS is the "gold standard" measure of efficacy, but it is not always feasible to use, yet the CGI-S requires validation...

..Despite its widespread use there is no published structured interview (SI) schedule and little is known about the reliability of the instrument...

..While poor premorbid functioning is associated with poorer outcomes in psychotic illnesses, little is known about whether it is also a risk factor for suicide attempts...

..This study aims to examine the extent to which immigration acts as a risk factor for schizophrenia, delineated by origin, sex and year, using national population-based data over 15 years...

..Authors compared rates of psychological distress and physician detection among elderly and non-elderly primary-care patients and examined, among elderly patients, variables associated with distress and physician detection...

..An alternative approach is to test the composite hypothesis of the difference between (a) completion rates and (b) efficacy of complete cases. Studies to date have not applied this relatively new method...

..7%, 49.3%, 29.6%, and 22.2%; P = 0.006). Good premorbid functioning corresponds with better treatment response in recent-onset psychosis as captured on both clinician and patient-reported measures...

..To examine the effect of risperidone on specific behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)...

..In clinical trials of chronic schizophrenia, the PANSS appears to require the following modifications: fewer rating options, adjustment of 'Lack of judgment and insight', and improved severe symptom assessment...

..The predictions of the two groups coincided for 83 percent of the patients. The results suggest that psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses make similarly accurate predictions of violence and use similar criteria for making them...

..Underdiagnosis is suggested as a possible explanation. Study results were used to add differential payment for physical comorbidity under the new National Health Insurance Law. Other corrective measures are discussed...

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..The purpose of this paper is to compare daily treatment costs of risperidone and olanzapine, and to examine psychiatrists' clinical preferences...

..Relapse was defined as at least two weeks of daily opiate use. According to patients and significant others, 57 percent of patients had not relapsed. This rate is better than rates obtained in studies of other detoxification methods...

..The current study aims to quantify the extent of heterogeneity in trajectories of treated symptom severity in early-episode psychosis and their antecedents...

..The hypothesis that clozapine reduced serious physically and verbally aggressive behavior of persons with schizophrenia whose symptoms did not respond to typical neuroleptic treatment was tested...

..These results are more encouraging about the use of naltrexone for relapse prevention than previous studies. This method of using naltrexone should be further tested in prospective random assignment controlled studies...

..However, severely limiting the availability of services does reduce the proportion of persons getting care. Implications for regulating insurers are discussed...

..Moreover, in comparison with nonpsychotic populations, even relatively modest levels of hopelessness appear to confer risk for suicide in psychotic disorders...

..The aim of the current study was to test the association between individual and community SES at birth and risk of schizophrenia...

..We examined whether dropout relates to outcome in clinical trials of antipsychotic medication...

..The goal of this study was to assess and compare patients' and staff members' attitudes about what rights hospitalized psychiatric patients should have...

..Rational choice theory was applied to explain women's use of amniocentesis. Variables included knowledge about prenatal diagnostics, attitudes, and emotional preferences...

..Attention by primary-care physicians to a history of trauma could improve physicians' detection of this disabling disorder...

..The results of this study partially support the use of a five-factor model for the PANSS, but suggest that scales for catatonia, depressive and anxiety syndromes should be included in future studies...

..The extent to which antipsychotics improve patients' well-being is uncertain...

..In this group, family history and poor premorbid functioning appear to be associated with increased risk for movement disorders...

..Recently, the "Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group" proposed remission criteria consisting of a reduction to mild levels on key symptoms for at least 6 months...

..309-3.104. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of male adolescents with behavior disturbances, these results further support the hypothesis that drug abuse may be associated with increased risk for future schizophrenia...

..A decline between ages 16 and 17 and the onset of psychosis is evident in some but not all cognitive functions...

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..However, the relationship between the clinically rated cognitive factor and performance-based cognitive test scores has not been thoroughly examined, particularly in patients who are early in the course of illness...

..If present, such relationships should be most clearly observable in patients with first episode schizophrenia; that is, before the effects of chronic illness, institutionalization, or treatment might confound them...

..However, it is not clear whether this below-average premorbid intelligence is stable or progressive...

..IQ was not associated with age of onset. These results confirm the importance of low intellectual functioning as a risk factor for SSD. This is unlikely to be due to prodrome...

..This study examined the premorbid behavioral and intellectual functioning of schizophrenia patients who showed poor response to antipsychotic treatment...

..We investigated cognitive performance on a large, population-based sample of individuals, affected at the time of testing by nonpsychotic disorders, and their unaffected siblings...

..Previous work suggests that the association between urbanicity and schizophrenia may be greatest in those with pre-existing vulnerability...

..Maternal and paternal ages are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders...

..We examined the association between intra-individual variability in intellectual performance and risk for schizophrenia in individuals with normal IQ...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results support a nosologic distinction between nonpsychotic bipolar disease and schizophrenia in hospitalized patients...

..5 mg for 30%, and 50 mg for 16%. This preliminary study suggests that RLAI was overall well tolerated and appears to be effective in recent-onset psychosis. Further investigation is warranted...

..Impairments in intellectual functioning and abnormal behaviors leading to mental illnesses may share common neurobiological substrates. The results support screening male adolescents with learning disorders for psychopathology...

..These observations suggest that deficits in insight may be related to a generalized dysfunction of neural networks involved in memory, learning, and executive functions...

..There are also substantial genetic influences on intelligence, so de novo genetic events in male germ cells, which accompany advancing paternal age, may plausibly influence offspring intelligence...