Paul W O'Toole

..The discovery of megaplasmids of widely varying size in L. salivarius suggests a possible mechanism for genome expansion or contraction to adapt to different environments...

..To investigate the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of 28 strains of Lactobacillus salivarius and 12 other lactobacilli, isolated from different sites and from different geographical regions...

..L. salivarius displays a high level of genomic diversity, and while selection of L. salivarius strains for probiotic use can be informed by CGH or MLST, it also requires pragmatic experimental validation of desired phenotypic traits...

..These data support the notion of modulating the intestinal microbiota of older people to promote enhanced nutrition utilization and to improve general health...

..Its variable abundance in human and animals may be linked to historical changes over time and geographical differences in dietary intake of complex carbohydrates...

..Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the dominant Bacteroidetes phylum of the human intestinal microbiota, and is a significant opportunistic pathogen...

..mustelae pathogenesis, and the ulcerogenic and carcinogenic potential of helicobacters in general, we sequenced the H. mustelae genome, and identified 425 expressed proteins in the envelope and cytosolic proteome...

..salivarius clade available to date. Furthermore, there is no data to facilitate a functional genomic analysis of motility in the lactobacilli, a trait that is restricted to the L. salivarius clade...

..This study explored two antimicrobial strategies for their impact on metabolic abnormalities in murine diet-induced obesity: oral vancomycin and a bacteriocin-producing probiotic (Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 Bac(+))...

..We conclude that HP0958 is a posttranscriptional regulator that modulates the amount of the flaA message available for translation in H. pylori...

..This study provides genetic, transcriptomic, phylogenetic and immunological insights into the trait of flagellum-mediated motility in the lactobacilli...

..In Salmonella, FliJ is a chaperone escort protein for FlgN and FliT, two proteins that themselves display chaperone activity for components of the hook, the rod and the filament...

..Sortase-anchored cell surface proteins of L. salivarius UCC118 have a central role in promoting the interaction between the bacterium and epithelial cells...

..FliK thus appears to be involved in three processes: hook-length control, export substrate specificity and control of RpoN transcriptional activity...

..Here we compare two such methods, pyrosequencing and a phylogenetic array, and evaluate classifications based on two variable 16S rRNA gene regions...

..Furthermore, bacteriocin production appears to have an attenuating influence on lactobacillus-mediated barrier protection...

..Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin-dependent...

..salivarius, may have additional biological importance because of varying effects upon bile as a signaling molecule in the host...

..salivarius strains, maintaining their potential to bind fibrinogen if expressed. We highlight the fact that without a full genetic analysis of strains for human consumption, potential pathogenicity traits may go undetected...

..These data identified a new mechanism whereby some probiotic bacteria have a positive effect on H. pylori-associated inflammation without clearing the infection...

..This will ideally be combined with phenotypic data using a polyphasic approach...

..salivarius promoter, demonstrated the utility of this vector for the expression of heterologous genes in Lactobacillus. This study thus expands the knowledge base and vector repertoire of probiotic lactobacilli...

..Nonetheless, with improved quality and longer reads, the far greater coverage of Illumina promises unparalleled insights into highly diverse and complex environments such as the human gut...

..salivarius, and restricted carriage by other Lactobacillus species, provides an opportunity to study the contribution of large extrachromosomal replicons to the biology of Lactobacillus...

..salivarius-L. plantarum; L. sakei; E. faecalis; and L. acidophilus-L. johnsonii. The extreme divergence of the Lactobacillus genomes analysed supports the recognition of new subgeneric divisions...

..The four bacteriocin-producing strains are therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, for which the name Lactobacillus hordei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UCC128T (=DSM 19519T=LMG 24241T)...

..Collectively, the data support a relationship between diet, microbiota and health status, and indicate a role for diet-driven microbiota alterations in varying rates of health decline upon ageing...

..The results demonstrate that the concatenation of these seven gene sequences for phylogenetic purposes allows a significant increase in the discriminatory power between taxa...

..Based on the present study and literature data, an emended description of the species Lactobacillus salivarius is provided...

..Of the verified H. pylori porins, the HorB sequence is most similar to that of HopE, but the function of HorB is unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of HorB in H. pylori gastric epithelial cell adhesion...

..We conclude that the fecal microbiota of the elderly shows temporal stability over limited time in the majority of subjects but is characterized by unusual phylum proportions and extreme variability...

..Here we announce the draft genomes of H. pylori strain 17874, commonly used for studying motility, and P79, a strain for which plasmid vectors have been developed...

..In contrast, bioinformatic and transcriptional analyses of the DNA region flanking the tuf gene in four Lactobacillus species indicated the same four-gene unit and suggested a novel tuf operon specific for the genus Lactobacillus...

..lactis DSM 10140. The rapid increase in the level of atp operon transcripts upon exposure to low pH suggested that the ATPase complex of B. lactis DSM 10140 was regulated at the level of transcription and not at the enzyme assembly step...

..Interestingly, a gene predicted to encode an extracellular beta-glucosidase carried within the Bbr-1 prophage-like element was shown to be transcribed...

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..Administration of B. breve DPC6330 to maternally separated rats significantly modified the palmitoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid contents in tissues. The effect was not observed in non-separated animals...

..The authors performed a detailed analysis of the faecal microbiota in IBS and control subjects and correlated the findings with key clinical and physiological parameters...

..This Review discusses the techniques that can used to characterize the gut microbiota, when they can be applied to human studies and their relative advantages and limitations...

..The data thus suggest the arrangement of HP0958 into distinct structural and functional domains...

..The current state of the art with respect to the available complement of genetic tools including genomic resources, and more traditional approaches to investigate the biology of commensal lactobacilli, will now be reviewed...

..Temporal expression of heat-shock genes based on functional genomics in members of the Actinobacteridae group is also discussed, as well as the emerging molecular mechanisms controlling the heat-stress response...

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..The genome-wide investigation of surface proteins can thus help our understanding of their roles in host interaction...

..Conservation of the Tad pilus-encoding locus among other B. breve strains and among sequenced Bifidobacterium genomes supports the notion of a ubiquitous pili-mediated host colonization and persistence mechanism for bifidobacteria...

..cremoris strains MG1363 and SK11, respectively. Phylogenetic investigation as well bioinformatic analyses indicates that all 11 prophages belong to subdivisions of the lactococcal P335 group of temperate bacteriophages...

..The increased benefit brought by the generalisation and application of research and intervention outcomes to older populations is discussed...

..In this review, we investigate the evidence that a balanced diet leads to a balanced, diverse microbiota with significant consequences for healthy ageing by focusing on conditions of interest...

..Rigorous characterization of interactions between the diet, microbiota, and probiotic bacteria will provide new opportunities for modulating the microbiota towards improving human health...

..These genetic differences may be responsible for the observed differential sensitivity to the lactococcal DNA injection blocking protein, Sie(2009), and the abortive infection system, AbiA...