H Hampel

Summary

Affiliation: Trinity College
Country: Ireland

Publications

  1. ncbi Core candidate neurochemical and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
    Alzheimers Dement 4:38-48. 2008
  2. ncbi Enrichment of MCI and early Alzheimer's disease treatment trials using neurochemical and imaging candidate biomarkers
    H Hampel
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Trinity Center for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating The National Children s Hospital AMiNCH, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
    J Nutr Health Aging 13:373-5. 2009
  3. ncbi Biological markers for early detection and pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Munich, Germany
    Dialogues Clin Neurosci 11:141-57. 2009
  4. ncbi [Neurobiological early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease]
    H Hampel
    Alzheimer Gedächtniszentrum, Forschungsgruppe Dementielle Erkrankungen und Bildgebende Verfahren, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munchen
    Nervenarzt 78:1310-8. 2007
  5. ncbi Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) as a biological candidate marker of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest 69:8-12. 2009
  6. ncbi Functional connectivity of the fusiform gyrus during a face-matching task in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    A L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Brain 129:1113-24. 2006
  7. ncbi Regional distribution of white matter hyperintensities in vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging
    L Gootjes
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 18:180-8. 2004
  8. ncbi Regional pattern of hippocampus and corpus callosum atrophy in Alzheimer's disease in relation to dementia severity: evidence for early neocortical degeneration
    S J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neurobiol Aging 24:85-94. 2003
  9. ncbi Discriminant power of combined cerebrospinal fluid tau protein and of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor complex in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia Research Section, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Brain Res 823:104-12. 1999
  10. ncbi Association between cognitive performance and cortical glucose metabolism in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
    A L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20:352-7. 2005

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications125 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Core candidate neurochemical and imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
    Alzheimers Dement 4:38-48. 2008
    ..The objective of this article was to review recent progress in selected imaging and neurochemical biomarkers for early diagnosis, classification, progression, and prediction of AD...
  2. ncbi Enrichment of MCI and early Alzheimer's disease treatment trials using neurochemical and imaging candidate biomarkers
    H Hampel
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Trinity Center for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating The National Children s Hospital AMiNCH, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
    J Nutr Health Aging 13:373-5. 2009
    ..There is a need of rigorous co-development of biological trait- and statemarker candidates facilitated through planned synergistic collaboration between academic, industrial and regulatory partners...
  3. ncbi Biological markers for early detection and pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Munich, Germany
    Dialogues Clin Neurosci 11:141-57. 2009
    ..As a perspective, the important role of biomarkers in the development of innovative drug treatments for AD and the related regulatory process is discussed...
  4. ncbi [Neurobiological early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease]
    H Hampel
    Alzheimer Gedächtniszentrum, Forschungsgruppe Dementielle Erkrankungen und Bildgebende Verfahren, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munchen
    Nervenarzt 78:1310-8. 2007
    ..International controlled multicenter cooperative studies are ongoing to further develop these core diagnostic marker candidates (phase III). The core markers are reviewed in detail. Promising novel approaches are discussed...
  5. ncbi Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) as a biological candidate marker of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    1Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
    Scand J Clin Lab Invest 69:8-12. 2009
    ..Currently, independent studies are ongoing to validate BACE1 and functionally associated proteins as candidate biomarkers for early detection, prediction, progression as well as for biological activity in AD...
  6. ncbi Functional connectivity of the fusiform gyrus during a face-matching task in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    A L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Brain 129:1113-24. 2006
    ..The results demonstrate that functional connectivity can be an effective marker for the detection of changes in brain function in MCI subjects...
  7. ncbi Regional distribution of white matter hyperintensities in vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease and healthy aging
    L Gootjes
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 18:180-8. 2004
    ..Our findings underscore the potential of regional WMH volumetry to determine correlations between subcortical pathology and cognitive impairment...
  8. ncbi Regional pattern of hippocampus and corpus callosum atrophy in Alzheimer's disease in relation to dementia severity: evidence for early neocortical degeneration
    S J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neurobiol Aging 24:85-94. 2003
    ..Moreover, ROC analysis may provide a statistical framework to determine atrophy patterns of different brain structures in neurodegenerative diseases in vivo...
  9. ncbi Discriminant power of combined cerebrospinal fluid tau protein and of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor complex in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia Research Section, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Brain Res 823:104-12. 1999
    ....
  10. ncbi Association between cognitive performance and cortical glucose metabolism in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease
    A L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20:352-7. 2005
    ..The association between glucose metabolism and MMSE score was not dependent on brain atrophy...
  11. ncbi Phosphorylated tau predicts rate of cognitive decline in MCI subjects: a comparative CSF study
    K Buerger
    Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neurology 65:1502-3. 2005
  12. ncbi Interleukin-6 is not altered in cerebrospinal fluid of first-degree relatives and patients with Alzheimer's disease
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 228:143-6. 1997
    ..We suggest that combined measurement of all parameters of the IL-6-receptor complex could yield more insight in a probably altered IL-6 function...
  13. ncbi EEG coherence reflects regional corpus callosum area in Alzheimer's disease
    O Pogarell
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D 80336 Munich, Germany
    J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:109-11. 2005
    ..Correlations between corpus callosum size and interhemispheric EEG coherence were investigated as measures of interhemispheric connectivity in patients with Alzheimer's disease...
  14. ncbi Decreased soluble interleukin-6 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, School of Medicine, Germany
    Brain Res 780:356-9. 1998
    ..We found a statistically significant decrease in sIL-6R levels in the AD group compared to controls. Complete analysis of the IL-6R complex seems crucial to better understand the impact of IL-6 in AD pathophysiology...
  15. ncbi Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in psychogeriatric patients
    P Zill
    Psychiatric Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 284:113-5. 2000
    ..This finding indicates that the serotonin transporter does not appear to be a major susceptibility factor in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and other psychogeriatric disorders...
  16. ncbi Interleukin-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor are decreased in cerebrospinal fluid of geriatric patients with major depression: no alteration of soluble gp130
    S Stubner
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximillian University, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 259:145-8. 1999
    ..We found statistically significant decreased CSF concentrations of IL-6 (P<0.001) and of the sIL-6R (P<0.001) of patients with MD. Levels of sgp130 showed no statistically significant difference between patients and controls...
  17. ncbi Age-dependent differences in human brain activity using a face- and location-matching task: an FMRI study
    G Leinsinger
    Department for Clinical Radiology, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 24:235-46. 2007
    ..To evaluate the differences of cortical activation patterns in young and elderly healthy subjects for object and spatial visual processing using a face- and location-matching task...
  18. ncbi Resting state glucose utilization and the CERAD cognitive battery in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    S J Teipel
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Neurobiol Aging 27:681-90. 2006
    ..Subtests of the CERAD battery give a good representation of left, but not of right hemisphere function in AD...
  19. ncbi [Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Determination of atrophy of the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex]
    T Moller
    Alzheimer Gedächtniszentrum, Psychiatrische Klinik der Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munchen, Deutschland
    Nervenarzt 80:54-61. 2009
    ....
  20. ncbi Value of CSF beta-amyloid1-42 and tau as predictors of Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Mol Psychiatry 9:705-10. 2004
    ..05). Our findings support the notion that CSF tau and Abeta(1-42) may be useful biomarkers in the early identification of AD in MCI subjects...
  21. ncbi Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in pharmacotherapy-refractory major depression: comparative study of fast, slow and sham rTMS
    F Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Psychiatry Res 88:163-71. 1999
    ..In conclusion, this study further supported the safety of rTMS but does not show any clinically meaningful antidepressant efficacy of rTMS at 250 daily stimuli over 5 days in pharmacotherapy-refractory major depression...
  22. ncbi Cerebrospinal fluid tau protein shows a better discrimination in young old (<70 years) than in old old patients with Alzheimer's disease compared with controls
    K Bürger née Buch
    Department of Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 277:21-4. 1999
    ..We suggest that the effect of age should be considered in studies investigating CSF tau as a diagnostic marker for neurodegenerative disorders...
  23. ncbi Multicenter assessment of CSF-phosphorylated tau for the prediction of conversion of MCI
    M Ewers
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neurology 69:2205-12. 2007
    ..However, a standard quantitative criterion of p-tau has not been evaluated...
  24. ncbi [Structural and functional neuronal connectivity in Alzheimer's disease: a combined DTI and fMRI study]
    J Soldner
    Alzheimer Gedächtniszentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Deutschland
    Nervenarzt 83:878-87. 2012
    ..In AD, this connectivity in specifically compromised, offering the possibility to investigate the structural basis of functional brain connectivity...
  25. ncbi Multicenter assessment of reliability of cranial MRI
    M Ewers
    Department of Psychiatry, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center D2, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Neurobiol Aging 27:1051-9. 2006
    ..42) showed that the total sample size needed is N=180. In conclusion, despite minimal inclusion criteria, the reliability of MRI across centers was relatively good...
  26. ncbi Core biological marker candidates of Alzheimer's disease - perspectives for diagnosis, prediction of outcome and reflection of biological activity
    H Hampel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    J Neural Transm 111:247-72. 2004
    ....
  27. ncbi CSF tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 correlates with cognitive decline in MCI subjects
    K Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neurology 59:627-9. 2002
    ..Independently, old age and APOE-epsilon 4 carrier status were predictive as well. Our data indicate that an increased p-tau(231) level is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline in patients with MCI...
  28. ncbi Task difficulty in a simultaneous face matching task modulates activity in face fusiform area
    A L W Bokde
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 25:701-10. 2005
    ..Task difficulty led to enhanced response in the FFA and suppressed response in other visual areas...
  29. ncbi Amygdala reduction in patients with ADHD compared with major depression and healthy volunteers
    T Frodl
    Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience TCIN, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity Academic Medical Centre The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children s Hospital AMNCH and St James s Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland
    Acta Psychiatr Scand 121:111-8. 2010
    ..The aim of this study was to investigate whether in adult patients with ADHD hippocampal or amygdala volumes differs from that in healthy controls and patients with major depression (MD)...
  30. ncbi CSF and serum levels of soluble interleukin-6 receptors (sIL-6R and sgp130), but not of interleukin-6 are altered in multiple sclerosis
    F Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    J Neuroimmunol 99:218-23. 1999
    ..Furthermore, sgp130 CSF levels were decreased in MS, suggesting a possibly altered IL-6 regulation in the CSF...
  31. ncbi Kinematic analysis of handwriting movements in patients with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression and healthy subjects
    A Schroter
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 15:132-42. 2003
    ..Both patients with MCI and patients with probable AD exhibited loss of fine motor performance. Movements of AD patients were significantly less regular than those of healthy controls...
  32. ncbi Detection of the novel cell adhesion molecule MUC18 in human brain tissue
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neuroimmunomodulation 4:57-61. 1997
    ....
  33. ncbi Prefrontal cortex modulation of mood and emotionally induced facial expressions: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    F Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 13:206-12. 2001
    ..On the basis of this study, the authors propose to combine rTMS and facial expression analysis for further studies of the cortical modulation of emotions in humans...
  34. ncbi [Current status of cognition-based interventions in Alzheimer's disease]
    V C Buschert
    Alzheimer Gedächtniszentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der LMU München, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munchen, Deutschland
    Nervenarzt 80:273-87. 2009
    ..We finally present recommendations for future studies and establishment of cognitive training...
  35. ncbi FDG-PET mapping the brain substrates of visuo-constructive processing in Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan Forster
    Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    J Psychiatr Res 44:462-9. 2010
    ..From a clinical point of view, both of these widely used visual tests evaluate the integrity of complementary cortical networks and may contribute complementary information on the integrity of visual processing in AD...
  36. ncbi Assessing neuronal networks: understanding Alzheimer's disease
    Arun L W Bokde
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience TCIN, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College Dublin, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating The National Children s Hospital AMiNCH, Dublin 24, Ireland
    Prog Neurobiol 89:125-33. 2009
    ....
  37. ncbi Regional networks underlying interhemispheric connectivity: an EEG and DTI study in healthy ageing and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
    Stefan J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
    Hum Brain Mapp 30:2098-119. 2009
    ..05). The study provides a methodology to access specific networks of subcortical fiber tracts subserving the maintenance of interhemispheric resting state coherence in the human brain...
  38. ncbi Functional abnormalities of the visual processing system in subjects with mild cognitive impairment: an fMRI study
    Arun Lawrence Warren Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Psychiatry Res 163:248-59. 2008
    ..To our knowledge, this is the first study that has examined visual processing in MCI...
  39. ncbi Altered brain activation during a verbal working memory task in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment
    Arun L W Bokde
    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Munich, Germany
    J Alzheimers Dis 21:103-18. 2010
    ..The activation differences between groups may be compensatory mechanisms within the MCI group for the effects of the putative AD neuropathology. This has been the first study that has examined verbal working memory in MCI...
  40. ncbi Different effects of mirtazapine and venlafaxine on brain activation: an open randomized controlled fMRI study
    Thomas Frodl
    Integrated Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
    J Clin Psychiatry 72:448-57. 2011
    ..The aim of the study was therefore to investigate effects of 2 antidepressants on brain activation and to identify predictors for therapy response...
  41. ncbi Blood-based biomarkers of microvascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease
    Michael Ewers
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College, University of Dublin, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children s Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
    Exp Gerontol 45:75-9. 2010
    ....
  42. ncbi Functional connectivity bias of the orbitofrontal cortex in drug-free patients with major depression
    Thomas Frodl
    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Biol Psychiatry 67:161-7. 2010
    ..The aim of this study was to compare the functional connectivity of the OFC during emotion processing in patients with major depression and healthy control subjects...
  43. ncbi Alzheimer disease: functional abnormalities in the dorsal visual pathway
    Arun L W Bokde
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College Dublin, Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating National Children s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
    Radiology 254:219-26. 2010
    ..To evaluate whether patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) have altered activation compared with age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects during a task that typically recruits the dorsal visual pathway...
  44. ncbi Morphological substrate of face matching in healthy ageing and mild cognitive impairment: a combined MRI-fMRI study
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Brain 130:1745-58. 2007
    ..These findings support the notion that the functional segregation within the visual system is based on the distribution of cortical grey matter volumes, possibly reflecting the spatial distribution of neuron density...
  45. ncbi Decreased activation along the dorsal visual pathway after a 3-month treatment with galantamine in mild Alzheimer disease: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
    Arun L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Research Section, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    J Clin Psychopharmacol 29:147-56. 2009
    ..A visual perception task recruiting the dorsal visual system may be useful as a biomarker of treatment effects...
  46. ncbi Are biomarkers harmful to recruitment and retention in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials? An international perspective
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
    J Nutr Health Aging 16:346-8. 2012
    ..Regulatory authorities are generally supportive of biomarker use in clinical trials but potential consequences of biomarker based patient selection on the generalizability of trial results need careful evaluation...
  47. ncbi In vivo imaging of region and cell type specific neocortical neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Perspectives of MRI derived corpus callosum measurement for mapping disease progression and effects of therapy. Evidence from studies with MRI, EEG and
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
    J Neural Transm 109:837-55. 2002
    ....
  48. ncbi A new rapid landmark-based regional MRI segmentation method of the brain
    A L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    J Neurol Sci 194:35-40. 2002
    ..It may be particularly useful for the study of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disease and for the validation of template-based automated techniques...
  49. ncbi Classifying brain states and determining the discriminating activation patterns: Support Vector Machine on functional MRI data
    Janaina Mourao-Miranda
    Siemens Corporate Technology, Information and Communications, Munich, Germany
    Neuroimage 28:980-95. 2005
    ..In the next phase, the test phase, given an fMRI volume from a new subject, the classifier predicts the subject's instantaneous brain state...
  50. ncbi Severe hirsutism associated with psychopharmacological treatment in major depression
    H Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    World J Biol Psychiatry 2:48-9. 2001
    ..The higher prevalence of hirsutism in women who suffer from chronic psychiatric diseases highlights the importance of further investigating the aetiology of hirsutism in major depression...
  51. ncbi No association between anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies and serum/cerebrospinal fluid levels of the soluble interleukin-6 receptor complex in multiple sclerosis
    F Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 305:13-6. 2001
    ..There was no difference in IL-6 and sIL-6RC levels between anti-MOG abs positive and negative samples. Thus, no association between the presence of anti-MOG abs and serum/CSF levels of IL-6/sIL-6RC was found...
  52. ncbi Polymorphisms in the alpha-2 macroglobulin gene in psychogeriatric patients
    P Zill
    Psychiatric Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 294:69-72. 2000
    ....
  53. ncbi Relation of corpus callosum and hippocampal size to age in nondemented adults with Down's syndrome
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Ludwig Macimilian University, Munich, Germany
    Am J Psychiatry 160:1870-8. 2003
    ..This study investigated whether atrophy of the corpus callosum and hippocampus occurs in nondemented subjects with Down's syndrome and compared the degree of age-related atrophy between these structures...
  54. ncbi Effects of donepezil on cortical metabolic response to activation during (18)FDG-PET in Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind cross-over trial
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Psychopharmacology (Berl) 187:86-94. 2006
    ..Positron emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) by measuring cortical metabolic response to activation assesses integrity of neuronal transmission in vivo...
  55. ncbi Increased CSF-BACE 1 activity is associated with ApoE-epsilon 4 genotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    Michael Ewers
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Brain 131:1252-8. 2008
    ..The assessment of BACE 1 in CSF may provide a sensitive measure to detect in vivo alterations in the amyloidogenic processing potentially modified by the ApoE genotype...
  56. ncbi Comprehensive dissection of the medial temporal lobe in AD: measurement of hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices using MRI
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    J Neurol 253:794-800. 2006
    ..Early pathological involvement of specific medial temporal lobe areas is characteristic for Alzheimer's disease (AD)...
  57. ncbi Diagnostic utility of novel MRI-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: diffusion tensor imaging and deformation-based morphometry
    Uwe Friese
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Germany Institute of Psychology, University of Osnabrueck, D 49076 Osnabrueck, Germany
    J Alzheimers Dis 20:477-90. 2010
    ..86 after leave-one-out cross-validation. It remains to be shown if this automated multivariate analysis of DTI-measures can improve early diagnosis of AD in predementia stages...
  58. ncbi Polymorphisms of the gene encoding the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 determine the magnitude of the increase in soluble interleukin-6 receptor levels in Alzheimer's disease. Results of a pilot study
    Metin Bagli
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Venusberg, 53105 Bonn, Germany
    Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 253:44-8. 2003
    ..We conclude that plasma and CSF levels of sIL-6R are significantly increased in AD patients and that the magnitude of increase is determined by the IL-6 genotype...
  59. ncbi Blood-based microcirculation markers in Alzheimer's disease-diagnostic value of midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide/C-terminal endothelin-1 precursor fragment ratio
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich 80336, Germany
    Biol Psychiatry 65:979-84. 2009
    ..We hypothesized that this set of blood-based (micro)circulation parameters is altered in AD...
  60. ncbi Lithium trial in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter 10-week study
    Harald Hampel
    Trinity Center for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating The National Children s Hospital AMiNCH, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
    J Clin Psychiatry 70:922-31. 2009
    ..In the current study, we tested the effect of short-term lithium treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease...
  61. ncbi Differences in hippocampal volume between major depression and schizophrenia: a comparative neuroimaging study
    Eva M Meisenzahl
    Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich, Germany
    Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260:127-37. 2010
    ....
  62. ncbi Multicentre variability of MRI-based medial temporal lobe volumetry in Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
    Psychiatry Res 182:244-50. 2010
    ..Our data indicate that multicentre acquisition of MRI data using manual volumetry is reliable and feasible for cross-sectional diagnostic studies, and they replicate essential findings from smaller scale monocentre studies...
  63. ncbi White matter microstructure in relation to education in aging and Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, University Restock, Restock, Germany
    J Alzheimers Dis 17:571-83. 2009
    ....
  64. ncbi Age-related cortical grey matter reductions in non-demented Down's syndrome adults determined by MRI with voxel-based morphometry
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Brain 127:811-24. 2004
    ..The most likely substrate of these changes is alterations or loss of allocortical and neocortical neurons due to Alzheimer's disease-type pathology...
  65. ncbi Value of event-related P300 subcomponents in the clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
    Thomas Frodl
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
    Psychophysiology 39:175-81. 2002
    ..Similar results were found using Pz amplitudes as well as Fz latencies. Our data suggest that TB-P300 amplitudes and TS-P300 latencies may be an accurate clinically available, nonexpensive, noninvasive, and reliable marker for AD...
  66. ncbi Progression of corpus callosum atrophy in Alzheimer disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    and Harald Hampel, MD, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Arch Neurol 59:243-8. 2002
    ..Atrophy of the corpus callosum in the absence of primary white matter degeneration reflects loss of intracortical projecting neocortical pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer disease (AD)...
  67. ncbi Automated detection of brain atrophy patterns based on MRI for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease
    Claudia Plant
    Department of Neuroradiology, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
    Neuroimage 50:162-74. 2010
    ..The present results suggest that novel multivariate methods of pattern matching reach a clinically relevant accuracy for the a priori prediction of the progression from MCI to AD...
  68. ncbi On the development of markers for pathological TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with and without dementia
    F Geser
    Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    Prog Neurobiol 95:649-62. 2011
    ..Moreover, TDP-43 lesions in subpial/subependymal or perivascular localizations have been noted, and this might account for increased CSF and blood TDP-43 levels through mechanisms that remain to be elucidated...
  69. ncbi White matter microstructure underlying default mode network connectivity in the human brain
    Stefan J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
    Neuroimage 49:2021-32. 2010
    ....
  70. ncbi Multivariate deformation-based analysis of brain atrophy to predict Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    Neuroimage 38:13-24. 2007
    ..Our findings indicate that multivariate network analysis of deformation maps detects typical features of AD pathology and provides a powerful tool to predict conversion into AD in non-demented at risk patients...
  71. ncbi Pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer's dementia: state of the art and current dilemmas
    Muamer Omerovic
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
    World J Biol Psychiatry 9:69-75. 2008
    ..Furthermore, we discuss current difficulties regarding AD treatment by looking for explanations for a still unsatisfying rate of state-of-the-art treatment of AD-patients...
  72. ncbi Total and phosphorylated tau protein as biological markers of Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College, University of Dublin, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital incorporating the National Children s Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
    Exp Gerontol 45:30-40. 2010
    ..Discussions with regulatory authorities gain momentum defining the role of tau biomarkers for trial designs and how they may be further qualified for surrogate marker status...
  73. ncbi Diagnostic usefulness of cognitive auditory event-related p300 subcomponents in patients with Alzheimers disease?
    Georg Juckel
    Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
    J Clin Neurophysiol 25:147-52. 2008
    ....
  74. ncbi Biological marker candidates of Alzheimer's disease in blood, plasma, and serum
    Philine Schneider
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Munich, Germany
    CNS Neurosci Ther 15:358-74. 2009
    ..The status and emerging perspectives on hypothesis and exploratory-based candidate biomarkers derived from blood, plasma, and serum are reviewed and discussed...
  75. ncbi Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: academic, industry and regulatory perspectives
    Harald Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Heinrich Hoffmann Str 10, 60528 Frankfurt Main, Germany
    Nat Rev Drug Discov 9:560-74. 2010
    ..Biomarkers that achieve these characteristics should enable objective business decisions in portfolio management and facilitate regulatory approval of new therapies...
  76. ncbi White matter damage in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: assessment with diffusion-tensor MR imaging and parallel imaging techniques
    Robert Stahl
    Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
    Radiology 243:483-92. 2007
    ....
  77. ncbi Age transformation of combined hippocampus and amygdala volume improves diagnostic accuracy in Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    Dementia Research and Neuroimaging Section, Memory Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
    J Neurol Sci 194:15-9. 2002
    ..We propose an adjustment for this age effect to increase the diagnostic accuracy of hippocampal volumes in AD...
  78. ncbi The alternative splicing of tau exon 10 and its regulatory proteins CLK2 and TRA2-BETA1 changes in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    Daniela C Glatz
    Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
    J Neurochem 96:635-44. 2006
    ..These findings suggest that a misregulation of alternative splicing seems to contribute to sporadic AD...
  79. ncbi Dissociation between CSF total tau and tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Neurobiol Aging 27:10-5. 2006
    ..Our findings indicate a dissociation in the direction of change in CSF levels of t-tau and p-tau231 in CJD when compared to AD...
  80. ncbi Increased levels of CSF phosphorylated tau in apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers with mild cognitive impairment
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 391:48-50. 2005
    ..Our study indicates that the apoE epsilon4 carrier status should be considered when CSF P-tau(231P) is evaluated as biomarker candidate of AD in MCI subjects...
  81. ncbi Measurement of basal forebrain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease using MRI
    Stefan J Teipel
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Brain 128:2626-44. 2005
    ..If replicated in an independent sample, our technique may be useful to detect degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurones in vivo...
  82. ncbi Decreased serum amyloid beta(1-42) autoantibody levels in Alzheimer's disease, determined by a newly developed immuno-precipitation assay with radiolabeled amyloid beta(1-42) peptide
    Sylvia Brettschneider
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
    Biol Psychiatry 57:813-6. 2005
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate a potentially pathophysiologic decrease of serum A beta(1-42) antibodies in AD. Amyloid beta(1-42) antibodies in the serum alone, however, seem not to be useful as a diagnostic marker of AD...
  83. ncbi Advances in the development of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: from CSF total tau and Abeta(1-42) proteins to phosphorylated tau protein
    Harald Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Ludwig Maximilian University, D 80336 Munich, Germany
    Brain Res Bull 61:243-53. 2003
    ....
  84. ncbi Differentiation of geriatric major depression from Alzheimer's disease with CSF tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Am J Psychiatry 160:376-9. 2003
    ..The authors asked whether p-tau(231) levels improve the differential diagnosis between geriatric major depression and Alzheimer's disease...
  85. ncbi Levels of total tau and tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 181 in patients with incipient and manifest Alzheimer's disease
    Peter Schönknecht
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Voss Strasse 4, D 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
    Neurosci Lett 339:172-4. 2003
    ..These findings suggest that total and phosphorylated tau protein may facilitate early detection and differential diagnosis of AD...
  86. ncbi Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity
    Frank Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Neuropsychopharmacology 27:638-45. 2002
    ..These findings support the hypothesis of a relationship between stimulation intensity of rTMS and its antidepressant efficacy...
  87. ncbi Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease with cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Arch Neurol 59:1267-72. 2002
    ....
  88. ncbi Biological markers of amyloid beta-related mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
    Harald Hampel
    Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience TCIN, Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Biomarker Research, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, The Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating The National Children s Hospital AMiNCH, Dublin, Ireland Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Exp Neurol 223:334-46. 2010
    ..This article reviews recent research advances on core candidate CSF and plasma Abeta-related biomarkers, and gives a conceptual review on how to implement biomarkers in clinical trials in AD...
  89. ncbi Neuroanatomy of Down syndrome in vivo: a model of preclinical Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Behav Genet 36:405-15. 2006
    ..This has major implications for our understanding of the onset and progression of AD-type pathology both in DS and in sporadic AD...
  90. ncbi Fiber connections between the cerebral cortex and the corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease: a diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry study
    Djyldyz Sydykova
    Alzheimer Memorial Center, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D 80366 Munich, Germany
    Cereb Cortex 17:2276-82. 2007
    ..In control subjects, no correlations were detected. Our findings suggest that decline of FA in the corpus callosum may be related to neuronal degeneration in corresponding cortical areas...
  91. ncbi CSF phosphorylated tau protein correlates with neocortical neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease
    Katharina Buerger
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
    Brain 129:3035-41. 2006
    ..There was a correlation between P-tau231P in CSF and brain homogenates. These findings indicate that CSF P-tau231P may serve as an in vivo surrogate biomarker of neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease...
  92. ncbi Multivariate network analysis of fiber tract integrity in Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Neuroimage 34:985-95. 2007
    ..In agreement with post-mortem evidence, our study demonstrates dissociation between intracortical and extracortical projecting fiber systems in AD in the living human brain...
  93. ncbi Relation between responses to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and partial sleep deprivation in major depression
    Frank Padberg
    Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, 80336 Munich, Germany
    J Psychiatr Res 36:131-5. 2002
    ..Apparently, different subgroups of depressed patients respond to both interventions. Further studies are needed to characterize the response to rTMS by means of clinical and biological parameters...
  94. ncbi Measurement of phosphorylated tau epitopes in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease: a comparative cerebrospinal fluid study
    Harald Hampel
    Dementia Research Section and Memory Clinic, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:95-102. 2004
    ..Different tau phosphoepitopes can be sensitively detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...
  95. ncbi Reliable manual segmentation of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes on magnetic resonance images of healthy subjects
    Arun L W Bokde
    Dementia and Neuro-imaging Research Section, Alzheimer's Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, Station D2, 80336 Munich, Germany
    Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 14:135-45. 2005
    ..55% to 3.09% (from 0.94 to 0.99). CONCLUSION: This technique has been shown to have high intra- and inter-rater reliability. The current method provides a method to obtain volumetric estimates of the 4 cerebral lobes...
  96. ncbi Novel MRI techniques in the assessment of dementia
    Stefan J Teipel
    Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, Munich, Germany
    Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 35:S58-69. 2008
    ..In the near future, these markers will be of high relevance for the selection of at-risk subjects in secondary preventive trials...
  97. ncbi Correlation of cerebrospinal fluid levels of tau protein phosphorylated at threonine 231 with rates of hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer disease
    Harald Hampel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Arch Neurol 62:770-3. 2005
    ..001; right hippocampus, P = .02), independent of disease duration and severity. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that variations in p-tau231 levels may be used to predict progression of brain atrophy in patients with Alzheimer disease...
  98. ncbi Beta-amyloid peptides in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    Jens Wiltfang
    Department of Psychiatry, , Germany
    Ann Neurol 54:263-7. 2003
    ..We conclude that the immunoblot shows disease-specific CSF Abeta peptide patterns in CJD and AD and suppose that measurement of the Abeta peptide pattern seems to be a promising diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of dementias...
  99. ncbi Long-term cost-effectiveness of donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    Stefan J Teipel
    Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Dementia and Neuroimaging Section, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr 7, Munich, 80336, Germany
    Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 257:330-6. 2007
    ..However, use of ChE inhibitors is limited by budget constraints and disincentives on the side of health insurances and nursing care insurances...
  100. ncbi Total and phosphorylated tau proteins: evaluation as core biomarker candidates in frontotemporal dementia
    Harald Hampel
    Department of Psychiatry, Alzheimer Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
    Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 17:350-4. 2004
    ..Therefore, p-tau is a core biological marker candidate for future evaluation in large national and international multicenter networks...
  101. ncbi Biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: are we ready?
    Trey Sunderland
    Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
    J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 19:172-9. 2006
    ..The current biomarker approaches to diagnosis are reviewed along with a special emphasis on near-term recommendations and further research directions...