Research Topics
Species | Brian E LeonardSummaryAffiliation: Beaumont Hospital Country: Ireland Publications
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Publications
Inflammation, depression and dementia: are they connected?Brian E Leonard
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neurochem Res 32:1749-56. 2007..Such changes may help to explain why major depression is a frequent prelude to dementia in later life...- Effects of antidepressants on cytokine production and actionsNathalie Castanon
INRA INSERM U394, Neurobiologie Integrative, Institut Francois Magendie, rue Camille Saint Saens, Bordeaux Cedex 33077, France
Brain Behav Immun 16:569-74. 2002..Whether their demonstrated immune effects are a side effect or a significant part of their clinical activity still remains to be elucidated... - Efavirenz induces depressive-like behaviour, increased stress response and changes in the immune response in ratsSiobhain M O'Mahony
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neuroimmunomodulation 12:293-8. 2005..These symptoms are partially alleviated by chronic treatment with paroxetine... - The HPA and immune axes in stress: the involvement of the serotonergic systemB E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Eur Psychiatry 20:S302-6. 2005.... 
Changes in the immune system in depression and dementia: causal or coincidental effects?Brian E Leonard
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 8:163-74. 2006..Such changes are postulated to cause neuronal damage, and thereby predispose chronically depressed patients to dementia...
The metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: is inflammation a contributing cause?Brian E Leonard
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
J Psychopharmacol 26:33-41. 2012..It is concluded that the effects of inflammatory mediators on the brain causally contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia and the ill health that accompanies the disorder...- Changes in the immune system in rodent models of depressionBrian E Leonard
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 5:345-56. 2002..The review concludes with a brief account of the various rodent models of depression in which evidence of immune activation as been demonstrated... - Stress, norepinephrine and depressionB E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
J Psychiatry Neurosci 26:S11-6. 2001..Many of the stress-induced changes can be reversed by antidepressants, particularly norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors... - Inflammation and depression: is there a causal connection with dementia?B E Leonard
Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neurotox Res 10:149-60. 2006..Such changes are postulated to cause neuronal damage and thereby predispose chronically depressed patients to dementia... - Methylphenidate: a review of its neuropharmacological, neuropsychological and adverse clinical effectsBrian E Leonard
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Hum Psychopharmacol 19:151-80. 2004 - Changes in the immune system in depression and dementia: causal or co-incidental effects?B E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Int J Dev Neurosci 19:305-12. 2001.... - The immune system, depression and the action of antidepressantsB E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 25:767-80. 2001..In addition, the macrophage hypothesis may broaden the basis of understanding the mechanism of action of antidepressants... - HPA and immune axes in stress: involvement of the serotonergic systemBrian E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Neuroimmunomodulation 13:268-76. 2006..Such changes may provide evidence for the link between chronic depression and dementia in later life... - Psychopathology of depressionBrian E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway
Drugs Today (Barc) 43:705-16. 2007..Such approaches may stimulate the development of new types of antidepressants that hopefully will combine increased efficacy with shorter speed of onset and improved side effect profiles... - The psychoneuroimmunology of depressionBrian E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Hum Psychopharmacol 24:165-75. 2009..Such changes may provide evidence for the link between chronic depression and dementia in later life... - Executive summary of the report by the WPA section on pharmacopsychiatry on general and comparative efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressive disordersThomas C Baghai
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 262:13-22. 2012..A modern individualized antidepressant treatment in most cases is a well-tolerated and efficacious tool to minimize the negative impact of the otherwise devastating and life-threatening outcome of depressive disorders... - Effect of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on behavioural and immune changes in an olfactory bulbectomised rat model of depressionAye Mu Myint
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neuroimmunomodulation 14:65-71. 2007..The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib has been shown to improve the depressive symptoms in patients with major depression... - Gestational stress leads to depressive-like behavioural and immunological changes in the ratSiobhain M O'Mahony
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neuroimmunomodulation 13:82-8. 2006..The stressed group showed higher levels of all three cytokines. No significant differences in the cytokine concentrations were detected in the hypothalamus, hippocampus or pre-frontal cortex... - Prenatal maternal paroxetine treatment and neonatal mortality in the rat: a preliminary studyDaniel L A van den Hove
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Research Institute Brain and Behavior, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Neonatology 93:52-5. 2008..These results reiterate the need for further research on the effects of paroxetine treatment during gestation... - Tryptophan breakdown pathway in bipolar maniaAye Mu Myint
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
J Affect Disord 102:65-72. 2007..406, p=0.044). These findings indicated the involvement of bi-directional tryptophan metabolism and kynurenine pathway in pathophysiology and response to medication in bipolar mania... - Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depressionAye-Mu Myint
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
J Affect Disord 88:167-73. 2005..TGF-beta1 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the Th1/Th2 balance through the action of TGF-beta1... - Olfactory bulbectomy provokes a suppression of interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in response to an in vivo challenge with lipopolysaccharide: effect of chronic desipramine treatmentT J Connor
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Neuroimmunomodulation 7:27-35. 2000..Whilst chronic treatment with desipramine normalized the behavioural hyperactivity observed in OB rats, such treatment further impaired LPS-induced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha secretion in bulbectomized rats... - An investigation of the antidepressant properties of lofepramine and its desmethylated metabolites in the forced swim and olfactory bulbectomized rat models of depressionJ P Kelly
Department of Pharmacology, University College, Galway, Ireland
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 9:101-5. 1999..In contrast, lofepramine but not it's desmethylated derivatives is inactive in the forced swim test, perhaps suggesting the requirement of metabolic conversion of LOF to reveal antidepressant activity in this model... - General and comparative efficacy and effectiveness of antidepressants in the acute treatment of depressive disorders: a report by the WPA section of pharmacopsychiatryThomas C Baghai
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 261:207-45. 2011..Modern individualized antidepressant treatment is in most cases a well-tolerated and efficacious approach to minimize the negative impact of otherwise potentially devastating and life-threatening outcomes in depressive disorders... - Behavioural and neuropharmacological properties of the dibenzazepines, desipramine and lofepramine: studies on the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depressionW T O'Connor
Department of Pharmacology, University College, Galway, Republic of Ireland
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 12:41-51. 1988..This effect was attenuated following the chronic administration of desipramine but not lofepramine. It may be concluded that the pharmacological activity of lofepramine is independent of its metabolism to desipramine in vivo... - The effect of lofepramine and other related agents on the motility of Tetrahymena pyriformisP Darcy
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Toxicol Lett 128:207-14. 2002..26+/-0.29 mM, desipramine 75.99+/-14.40 mM, while lofepramine had an IC50 of 357.40+/-25.00 mM. Lignocaine had an IC50 of 85.73+/-18.30 mM. There was also a significant correlation between the IC50 values and the Pow values... - Effects of reboxetine and sertraline treatments alone and in combination on the binding properties of cortical NMDA and beta1-adrenergic receptors in an animal model of depressionA Harkin
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
J Neural Transm 107:1213-27. 2000.... - A comparison of the pharmacological properties of the novel tricyclic antidepressant lofepramine with its major metabolite, desipramine: a reviewB E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, University College, Galway, Republic of Ireland
Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2:281-97. 1987.... - Reboxetine attenuates forced swim test-induced behavioural and neurochemical alterations in the ratT J Connor
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Eur J Pharmacol 379:125-33. 1999.... - An assessment of the acute effects of the serotonin releasers methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylenedioxyamphetamine and fenfluramine on immunity in ratsT J Connor
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Immunopharmacology 46:223-35. 2000..In all, these data extend our previous findings concerning the effects of MDMA on the immune system and demonstrate that the related serotonin releasers MDA and FEN also provoke immunological changes in rats... - Modulation of MK-801-induced behaviour by noradrenergic agents in miceA Harkin
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 154:177-88. 2001..Whereas it is known that pharmacological manipulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways affect this drug-induced psychosis, a role for noradrenaline has not yet been clearly defined... - Effects of acute and chronic administration of selective monoamine re-uptake inhibitors in the rat forced swim testP Kelliher
National University of Ireland, Department of Pharmacology, Galway, Ireland
Psychoneuroendocrinology 28:332-47. 2003..These results suggest that selective monoamine re-uptake inhibition produces distinct, but not necessarily exclusive, behavioural responses in the forced swim test... - A comparison of the psychopharmacological profiles of phencyclidine, ketamine and (+) SKF 10,047 in the trimethyltin rat modelB Earley
Pharmacology Department, University College, Galway, Ireland
Neuropharmacology 29:695-703. 1990..It may be concluded that the TMT model can be exploited for studying the mechanism of action of molecules liable to have an effect at the phencyclidine receptor site, as opposed to the sigma receptor... - Sigma receptors and sigma ligands: background to a pharmacological enigmaB E Leonard
Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Pharmacopsychiatry 37:S166-70. 2004.... - Role of paroxetine in interferon-alpha-induced immune and behavioural changes in male Wistar ratsA M Myint
University of Maastricht, MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
J Psychopharmacol 21:843-50. 2007..Thus it appears that paroxetine pretreatment prevents the pro-inflammatory changes in blood and brain following IFNalpha treatment in turn prevents the anxiety behaviour... - Prior exposure to methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) induces serotonergic loss and changes in spontaneous exploratory and amphetamine-induced behaviors in ratsA Harkin
Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Life Sci 68:1367-82. 2001..The findings of this study also suggest that MDA use may increase both the abuse potential, and the propensity to develop psychosis as a result of abusing other psychostimulants such as d-amphetamine... - The olfactory bulbectomised rat as a model of depressionCai Song
Department of Biomedical Science, AVC, University of Prince Edward Island and National Institute of Nutrisciences and Health, Charlottetown, Canada
Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:627-47. 2005..Thus the olfactory bulbectomized rat is not only a model for detecting antidepressant activity but also one for exploring the inter-relationships between these systems that are also dysfunctional in patients with major depression... - Dietary ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid but not soybean oil reverses central interleukin-1-induced changes in behavior, corticosterone and immune response in ratsCai Song
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Stress 7:43-54. 2004..Food enriched with ethyl-EPA but not soybean oil, significantly attenuated most of these changes. These results demonstrate that ethyl-EPA has anti-inflammatory, anti-stress and anti-anxiety effects in rats... - The biochemistry of suicideBrian E Leonard
Crisis 26:153-5. 2005 - Antidepressant medications and other treatments of depressive disorders: a CINP Task Force report based on a review of evidenceNorman Sartorius
Chairperson of CINP Task Force, 14 Chemin Colladon, Geneva, Switzerland
Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 10:S1-207. 2007 - Effects of dietary n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on interleukin-1beta-induced anxiety, stress, and inflammatory responses in ratsCai Song
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada
J Lipid Res 44:1984-91. 2003..Ethyl-GLA only antagonised IL-1-induced inflammatory changes, whereas AA caused an increase in the secretion of corticosterone and PGE2, and induced anxiety-like behavior without enhancing the effects of IL-1... - Th1, Th2 and Th3 cytokine alteration in schizophreniaYong Ku Kim
Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, 516, Go Jan Dong, Ansan City, Kyunggi Province 425 070, South Korea
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:1129-34. 2004..Therefore it is hypothesized that it may play a role in schizophrenia by suppressing overactive Th1 system...