N Kumarasamy

..This review focuses on evolving science on Indian policy--antiretroviral therapy initiation, which drugs to start with, when to change the initial regimen and what to change...

..This study examines the proportion of patients in the TREAT Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD) receiving PCP prophylaxis, and its effect on PCP and mortality...

..This retrospective survey describes types of cancers diagnosed in HIV-infected subjects in Asia, and assesses risk factors for cancer in HIV-infected subjects using contemporaneous HIV-infected controls without cancer...

..This paper presents the study protocol for a trial, to evaluate the influence of mobile phone reminders on adherence to first-line antiretroviral treatment in South India...

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..To describe the causes of mortality among the HIV-infected in southern India in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)...

..With the availability of antiretroviral therapy at lower cost, the clinical profile of HIV disease in India is now changing to include drug-related toxicities and immune reconstitution syndrome...

..4%) substituted therapy due to toxicities and 19.4% of patients switched to second-line protease inhibitor-containing regimens. In this South Indian pediatric cohort, generic HAART was safe, effective and relatively well tolerated...

..This study demonstrates a high frequency of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected Indians who experience immunologic treatment failure and suggests the need for viral load monitoring...

..To describe gender-based differences in disease progression, treatment, and outcome among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in South India...

..To describe the safe substitution with zidovudine (AZT) among South Indian HIV-infected patients who were initiated with stavudine (d4T)-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to anemia...

..To assess the risk factors associated with heterosexual HIV transmission among South Indian discordant couples enrolled in clinical care...

..The spouses of HIV-infected index patients are at increased risk for HIV infection, and further preventive measures are needed...

..Adverse events were comparable in both groups, with 50% reduction in cost for SIT. Further research on such strategies may benefit resource-constrained settings...

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..The incidence of tuberculosis and opportunistic infections decreased to <2 cases per 100 person-years. Death rates decreased from 25 to 5 deaths per 100 person-years between 1997 and 2003...

..05). Anemia and hepatitis often occur within 12 weeks of initiating generic HAART. Frequent and early monitoring for these toxicities is warranted in developing countries where generic HAART is increasingly available...

..Future studies should more thoroughly examine the financial impact of HIV-related costs incurred by households over time and examine household responses to these costs...

..Although certain technical limitations are described herein, we advocate measures to test the role of Tregs in IRIS...

..In resource-limited settings where administering anti-KS chemotherapeutic agents may not be feasible, HAART alone can be an option in HIV-infected individuals with KS...

..With the high incidence of STIs, targeted prevention and clinical management strategies among individuals practicing high risk behaviors may help to slow the continued spread of HIV in India...

..To describe reasons for modification and discontinuation of antiretroviral regimens in association with adverse events (AEs), treatment failure, and cost among patients in southern India...

..In spite of this high prevalence there are very few reports of oral lesions and conditions in Indian HIV/AIDS patients, which are important in early diagnosis and management of these patients...

..To determine a range of TLC cutoffs for the initiation of OI prophylaxis that is appropriate for resource-constrained settings...

..In this environment, nutritional compromise is a common complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection...

..05). In light of the increasing feminization of the HIV epidemic in India, greater emphasis should be placed on examining the long-term experiences of Indian women living with HIV/AIDS, particularly their psychosocial well-being...

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..The present study aimed to identify the proportion of HIV-infected individuals with low serum albumin and the possible cofactors among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experienced and HAART naïve individuals...

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..Hence, the ExaVir Load assay could be considered for use in resource-limited settings as an alternative viral-load assay to the standard NAAT-based assay after further evaluation with prospective specimens...

..2.9%), Giardia intestinalis (1.6%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (1.2%). Interesting trends of significant increase in the number of cases of I. belli and decline in Cryptosporidium spp. were observed during the study period...

..Overall, the in-house assay provided comparable results to those of US FDA approved ViroSeq, which costs about a half of the commercial assay ($ 100 vs. $ 230), making it suitable for resource-limited settings...

..The most common lesions were anterior uveitis followed by CMV retinitis. The management in such cases was often challenging in a developing country like India...

..Standardized observational data collected systematically on HIV-infected individuals will help to assess the cost-effectiveness of ART and in planning ART strategies for India...

..The assessment of periodontal statuscould thus be a useful tool in minimally invasive screening of populations for HIV disease, especially in those parts of the world, like India and Africa, with high prevalence and rising incidence...

..HIV patients in India have now access to generic HAART and this is the first report describing oral lesions in patients on HAART from our country...

..Consequently, children in India increasingly getting infected, primarily from vertical transmission. A retrospective review of the profile of HIV infected children attending an HIV clinic in South India is reported...

..However, indeterminate Western blot reactivity to HIV-1 proteins may occur in individuals, who may not be infected with HIV...

..01). We conclude that a multidisciplinary approach to managing HIV infection can enhance patients' QOL, independent of antiretroviral therapy...

..Furthermore, the impact of antiretroviral therapy on neurocognitive dysfunction in clade C virual infection needs to be determined...

..However, reports of acute haemorrhagic hypopyon uveitis in such cases are lacking. Herein we describe a young male patient presenting with acute panuveitis with haemorrhagic hypopyon, who was found HIV positive on investigation...

..These data highlight the importance of reducing the cost of antiretroviral medications, involving family members in HIV care, and addressing privacy issues and stigma in counseling interventions in this setting...

..The paper highlights CRVO as the initial presentation in an AIDS patient with herpes zoster ophthalmicus...

..Understanding why people seek VCT informs an understanding of knowledge and attitudes about HIV and HIV testing, which has implications for the development of education, outreach and other HIV prevention services...

..The data support the use of generic non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens in resource-limited settings...

..In this cohort, generic HAART was safe, well tolerated and effective at increasing CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in patients with advanced HIV, comparable to the experience with proprietary HAART...

..In vitro MIC values correlated well with in vivo responses in patients. Hence, itraconazole may be used as an alternative in the treatment of candidiasis, which does not respond to fluconazole therapy...

..We established the biochemical and hematological reference intervals among a south Indian healthy adult population attending an HIV referral centre in Chennai, southern India...

..The objective of this study was to study the frequency and pattern of reverse transcriptase (RT) drug resistance among patients with immunological failure (IF) to first-line therapy...

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..Cytomegalovirus serology was positive and the patient was treated as presumed CMV. HIV can present with multiple cranial neuropathy and varied neurological involvement...

..Various opportunistic infections in the eye have been reported earlier in AIDS. We report a case of panophthalmitis in an AIDS patient where the eviscerated tissue on histopathologic and microbiologic examination showed the fungus Rhizopus...

..However, the patient developed obstructive shock and died due to cardiac dysfunctions. This report underlines the need for a direct, intensive approach to investigations in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS...

..Despite advances in understanding HIV pathogenesis, the economic, social and legal constraints in India continue to make women particularly vulnerable to HIV infection...

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..This review discusses the low-cost assays and their role in clinical monitoring of HIV infected individuals in resource-limited countries like as India...

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..Larger scale studies need to be undertaken to better define the genotypic variation of circulating Indian subtype C viruses and their potential impact on drug susceptibility and clinical outcome in treated individuals...

..Further studies with greater sample size may be required to define the staging of HIV disease in relation to the normal CD4 T-lymphocyte count in the general population...

..Our data suggest that EasyCD4 assay could be a useful alternative assay to conventional flow cytometry, may be appropriate for use in resource-limited settings...

..6%), compared with previous Indian reports varying from 10.7% to >30%. HDV infection was relatively low and seems to play a minor determining factor of liver diseases in the tropical south Indian population...

..This study was performed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV dual infection among patients with CLD in Chennai, India...

..The results from these different analyses have been compared and the significance of each has been explained. Hence, to validate a low-cost assay Bland-Altman analysis and plot is recommended...

..With sufficient knowledge of resistance patterns studied in tropical south India, researchers are now keen to study the competitive interactions between GBV-induced chemokines and HIV ligands to bind CCR5...

..We investigated the presence of various genotypes of HCV among 69 chronic liver diseased (CLD) patients with chronic HCV infection...

..To screen for the co-infection of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in southern India...

..This study examined the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in 100 HIV-infected individuals at an AIDS care center in Chennai, India, using conventional laboratory techniques and interpretation criteria...

..pneumoniae infections for prompt initiation of therapy, as CAT has been found to be 100% sensitive and 84% specific in the diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection...

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..The importance of oral lesions as clinical features of HIV infection and their gender specificity have been reported worldwide. However, there are very few reports on this aspect from the Indian subcontinent...

..Very little data exist for oral lesions in paediatric population in India...

..This study shows that the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in HIV-positive subjects is comparatively higher than in HIV-negative subjects with pulmonary symptoms, and concords with previous pilot studies carried out in Chennai, South India...

..High titres (> or =320) were found in 10 out of the 39 patients (25.6 %). This seroprevalence study reports a 16.2 % prevalence of M. pneumoniae infections in HIV-infected patients by a particle agglutination test...

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..A high degree of suspicion and improvement of techniques for culture and identification will contribute to the early diagnosis and treatment of unusual fungal infections...

..To present the clinical, histopathological, and molecular biologic findings in fifteen cases of ocular tuberculosis (TB) in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)...

..This case highlights the importance of developing guidelines for management of concurrent HIV infection and TB in the developing world...

..3, AR 12, P = 0.00), T vaginalis (RR 1.5, AR 10, P = 0.01) T. pallidum (RR 2.8, AR 16, P = 0.00) and HIV (RR 4.1, AR 52, P = 0.01). Future studies are needed to focus on the risk factors for BV...

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..Only 33% of eligible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in South Africa receive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We sought to estimate the impact of alternative ART scale-up scenarios on patient outcomes from 2007-2012...

..India has more than 5.7 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2004, the Indian government began providing antiretroviral therapy (ART), and there are now an estimated 56 500 people receiving ART...

..bancrofti infections among HIV-positive persons was 5-9.5%, and there were no quantitative differences in circulating filarial antigen levels between HIV-positive and HIV-negative filarial-infected patients...

..vaginalis (relative risk (RR) = 6.6, 95% CI 2.8-15.5, P = 0.000) and HSV-2 (RR = 2, 95% CI 1.3-2.9; P = 0.0031). The role of other possible risk factors needs to be explored...