C Yajnik

..Exaggeration of this tendency in later life is associated with insulin-resistance syndrome. Control of the insulin-resistance epidemic in India might depend on improved intrauterine development and prevention of childhood obesity...

..We investigated conventional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in rural and urban Indian men and studied their association with markers of vascular damage...

..To study the association between ambient air pollutants and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in 1,392 type 2 diabetic patients in Pune, India...

..To examine the influence of glycemic and nonglycemic parameters on HbA(1c) concentrations in young adults, the majority of whom had normal glucose tolerance...

..With an increasing understanding of the diverse effects of impairment of the insulin signaling pathway, the existing hypotheses are proving inadequate...

..We studied the association between maternal vitamin B12, folate and tHcy status during pregnancy, and offspring adiposity and insulin resistance at 6 years...

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..Thus, 1-C (methyl) metabolism seems to play a key role in fetal programming. DOHaD represents a paradigm shift in the model for prevention of the chronic non-communicable diseases...

..Maternal hyperglycemia worsens the situation. Improving the early-life environment may be more cost-effective for preventing diabetes than controlling lifestyle factors alone in later life...

..Effective curtailment of the growing epidemic may lie in the realm of maternal and child health and nutrition...

..People in India have a high prevalence of low vitamin B12 status and high plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations...

..Furthermore, the relationship between maternal nutrition, fetal growth, and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease appears to be much more complex than the simplistic postulates of the "fetal origins" hypothesis...

..Six years postnatally, total body and total spine bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the children (n = 698 of 762 live births) and both parents...

..Dietary factors seem to have profound long-term metabolic influences in pregnancy. Overcrowding with infections and central obesity may amplify cytokine-induced insulin resistance and early diabetes in Indian adults with a low BMI...

..Prevention of insulin resistance syndrome in Indians will need to address regulation of fetal growth in addition to prevention of obesity in later life...

..To examine body size and fat measurements of babies born in rural India and compare them with white Caucasian babies born in an industrialised country...

..Current strategies for the prevention of diabetes are related to avoiding overnutrition...

..Our findings highlight the need for a better understanding of the relation between fetal growth and future health before contemplating public health interventions to improve fetal growth...

..These factors may be amenable to correction. Prevention of type 2 diabetes must begin in utero and continue throughout the life course...

..Further research is necessary to define the role of specific nutrients and metabolites in the intrauterine processes promoting adiposity before maternal interventions to curtail the epidemic of obesity and diabetes are planned...

..We conclude that maternal vitamin B12 deficiency reflected in plasma tHcy concentration contributes to small size of Indian babies...