Gabor Cserni

..Giving detailed information to SN micrometastatic patients is a patient-centered alternative to current recommendations on performing ALND in all such patients or omitting ALND in all of them...

..They are worse in identifying high risk patients than low-risk ones, creating a need for new predictive models to identify high-risk patients...

..The results suggest the definitions of these distribution patterns require refinements for a more reliable and reproducible diagnosis if one wants to associate prognostic information with this variable...

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..Modeling the relationship between age and mortality for breast cancer patients may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications...

..We introduced the term, threshold year, the follow-up time for patients dying from the specific cancer covers most of the survival data, leaving less than 2.25% uncovered. This is close enough to cure from that specific cancer...

..Histopathology is a cornerstone in the diagnosis of cervical cancer but the prognostic value is controversial...

..Many researchers are interested to know if there are any improvements in recent treatment results for metastatic breast cancer in the community, especially for 10- or 15-year survival...

..Two recently developed clinical prediction rules aim to anticipate the lack of nonsentinel lymph node metastases and the involvement of less than 4 lymph nodes in breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)...

..The need for further axillary treatment in patients with breast cancer with low-volume sentinel node (SN) involvement (micrometastases or smaller) is controversial...

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..The TNM definitions of low-volume nodal metastases need to be better formulated and supplemented with visual information in the form of multiple sample images...

..Uterine adenomatoid tumors may be present in up to 1% of hysterectomy specimens, and their infiltrative pattern may simulate that of adenocarcinomas...

..To examine the frequency of extracapsular extension (ECE) of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases in breast cancer according to metastasis size, and to characterise ECE in micometastases...

..In this Expert Opinion we present reviews from two authors, providing American and European perspectives on the approach to sentinel lymph node evaluation...

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..The evaluation of the HER2 status of breast cancers gives reliable results only if adequate quality control measures are implemented, and this study was an important step in this respect...

..With macrometastases the risk of non-SLN involvement increases, and further axillary treatment should be generally indicated...

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..The European guidelines for SN assessment have set two such target sizes: as a minimum, all metastases >2mm should be identified, and optimally all micrometastases should also be sought...

..These guidelines are intended to form the basis for national guidelines in European countries...

..The opposite presentation of these factors would mandate SLN biopsy and axillary dissection, respectively...

..Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is controversial for in situ breast cancers. We reviewed our experience with in situ and microinvasive carcinomas and surveyed the literature...

..Objective: To assess the value of cytokeratin IHC for the detection of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes of patients with invasive lobular carcinoma...

..These patients are exposed to the morbidity of axillary clearance without any expected therapeutic benefit...

..Current evidence in favour of a change in the requisite of assessing as may lymph nodes as is possible, and concentrating the efforts on only a selected number of lymph nodes, is weak...

..Possible pitfalls of each method are also discussed. Finally, research areas related to sentinel nodes are highlighted, too...

..The case suggests that mammary carcinomas with a solid papillary pattern may sometimes be of higher grade than usual, and do not always represent a DCIS, but may be invasive...

..Maximal adherence to the category definitions supplemented by explanatory texts in the staging manual should result in more homogeneous nodal staging of breast cancer...

..Most cases converted to dual positives (n = 124) or dual negatives (n = 31) or unassessable / questionable. ER-negative and PR-positive breast cancers are very rare if existing. Such a phenotype should prompt reassessment...

..To assess the reliability of nodal staging in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) when only lymph nodes close to the tumour are recovered and examined histologically...

..Carcinomatous meningitis is a serious complication of advanced stage solid tumours, which may become more common with improved survival...

..Secretory meningioma can simulate metastatic disease both clinically and pathologically. Secretory meningioma and tumour-to-tumour metastasis are each rare, and we believe this to be the first report of their coincidence...

..The sizes of the lymph nodes, their metastatic status, and their number were investigated to establish whether these parameters are related, and whether their relation could help in determining the adequacy of staging...

..Even in settings where nodal staging by SLNB is based on molecular tests at least a proportion of the lymph node should be investigated histologically...

..The optimal technique of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is still debated...

..To create and use a geometrical model for sentinel lymph node (SLN) histopathology in breast cancer...

..To evaluate two detailed step sectioning protocols for sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)...

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..To report a rare case of tumour-to-tumour metastasis with differential diagnostic considerations...

..Tumors in the pT3a category are associated with a better prognostic profile than pT3b tumors. This subdivision might be useful in both prognostication and treatment planning...

..To assess venous invasion (VI) and its relation to distant metastases in colorectal cancer (CRC)...

..The SLN theory suggests that there is an orderly spread from the primary tumor to the SLNs first, and from the SLNs to further nodes later. This study examines the influence of nodal metastasis size on further nodal involvement...

..This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for furnishing indirect evidence of the invasion of tumors diagnosed as DCIS...

..Because of the existing controversy, we searched for a cutoff value for the number of lymph nodes (LNs) to be examined in order to establish a reliable node-negative stage in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs)...

..It is therefore the method of choice...

..Finally the stepwise building up of our current histology protocol and our experience gained since the introduction of sentinel node biopsy in 1997 is also briefly summarized...

..The reproducibility of these categories has not been assessed previously...

..Future trends including ancillary studies, quality control issues, prediction of non-SLN involvement, and suggestions concerning the minimum requirements for the histology of axillary SLNs are also discussed...

..Both the newly implemented Hungarian breast cancer screening programme and the national cancer registry require the adequate reporting of the disease with particular emphasis on its extent...

..To assess the value of the intensive histological work up of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) to demonstrate regional metastatic disease...

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..A minimum of 6 nodes, and an optimum of 16 nodes or more, are suggested from these series...

..Vital dye-guided sentinel node biopsy is affordable in most hospitals, but may be of limited accuracy in identifying all sentinel nodes. Leaving sentinel nodes in the axilla may result in a false nodal staging of breast carcinomas...

..These results question the practice of excluding patients with palpable axillary lymph node enlargement from less radical staging procedures such as axillary sampling or sentinel node biopsy...

..It is essential to differentiate MFH from more frequent renal cell carcinomas, because MFH represents a worse prognosis and requires different treatment...

..The sampling of multiple surfaces is encouraged for a more accurate intraoperative assessment...

..Adjuvant systemic treatment, indicated on the basis of the NPI is less influenced by staging strategies and definitions of metastases than that given on the basis of nodal status alone...

..To test the hypothesis that a correct qualitative assessment of axillary nodal status can be established by examining only a limited number of lymph nodes...

..Histopathological factors may help identifying a subgroup of breast cancer patients with metastases confined to the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)...

..e. approximately 2% of all patients initially staged by SN biopsy. The methods for the intraoperative and molecular assessment of SNs are also surveyed...

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..The intensive p53 staining observed only in the sarcomatoid area supports the role of the TP53 gene in the transformation of chromophobe renal carcinoma to sarcomatoid carcinoma...

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..We believe that only prospective studies with quantitative mRNA analysis of specific metastatic markers on the whole lymph node can elucidate the utility of molecular assessments of SLN...

..To assess the constancy of the histological grade of invasive breast carcinomas by comparing primary tumours with their axillary metastases and local or regional recurrences...

..To implement an audit scheme to increase the lymph node yield from axillary clearance specimens...

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..Regional lymphadenitis may be the main clinical characteristic. Patient's history, physical and histopathological examination are required to establish the diagnosis...

..The nodal stage of colorectal cancers is prognostically important. Most current staging guidelines concentrate on the minimum number of evaluated lymph nodes required for an adequate node-negative stage...

..Results may be improved if the surface sampled is appropriately large and well selected...

..Vital reactions, including granulation tissue and angiogenesis, were present on the histological slides. The short-term survival of an omental flap can be ensured with microsurgical transplantation in dogs...

..To test if reventilation with room air (RA) or 100% oxygen (O2) after asphyxia would differentially affect neuronal damage in different brain areas of newborn pigs...

..The use of frozen sections for purposes of diagnosis is recognized to involve a degree of uncertainty. A retrospective study of breast specimen frozen section diagnoses was undertaken in order to analyse the major pitfalls...

..THE fact that invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is often multicentric has led to mastectomies being regularly performed for this disease in some settings. Reproducibility of the histological typing of breast cancer was investigated...

..They share the view that both primary and secondary cases are reactions to noxious agents, but this agent is unknown in primary cases...

..A new skin symptom ("mechanic's hands") predicts the disease, in particular the interstitial lung pathology, which is its most relevant internal manifestation...