Gabor Reuter

..The mosaic genetic pattern raises the possibility that hungaroviruses, human parechoviruses, and porcine teschoviruses may be linked to each other by modular recombination of functional noncoding RNA elements...

..Wild boars could be an important host and reservoir for kobuvirus...

..This study indicates that wild boar could be a reservoir for astroviruses...

..The unique sequence characteristics and the phylogenetic position of OAstV-2 suggest that genetically divergent lineages of astroviruses exist in sheep...

..Sapoviruses are commonly circulating and endemic agents in swine herds throughout Europe. Highly heterogeneous and potential new genogroups of sapoviruses were found in pigs; however, no "human-like" sapoviruses were detected...

..Originally thought to be confined to the intestine, almost 2 years later the virus was found in the blood of clinically healthy pigs on the same farm. Porcine kobuvirus may be widely distributed on pig farms worldwide...

..Its unique sequence characteristics and its phylogenetic position suggest that PAstV-2 could be an important link between previously reported astroviruses and that a genetically divergent lineage of astroviruses exist in piglets...

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..At present, 16 HPeV genotypes (HPeV1-16) are known. There is no report on the detection of HPeVs in Central Europe...

..The genotype A virus, Kobuvirus/human/Szigetvar-HUN298/2000/Hungary (FJ225407), has 96% nucleotide identity to Aichi virus...

..Human parechoviruses (HPeV) belonging to the family Picornaviridae are widespread enteric pathogens and associated with various clinical symptoms in humans...

..More recently, naturally occurring recombinant noroviruses were described. These viruses had a distinct polymerase gene sequence (designated GGIIb/Hilversum) and were disseminated through waterborne and food-borne transmission in Europe...

..OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: Molecular detection and epidemiology of HEV in humans (South-East Hungary) with acute hepatitis and in domestic (pig, cattle) and wild (boar and roe-deer) animals (countrywide) by ELISA and RT-PCR...

..This is the first country-wide molecular epidemiological investigation of human calicivirus-associated, gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hungary and Central-Eastern Europe...

..Porcine kobuvirus belongs to a potential new species-the third-in the genus Kobuvirus...

..The interspecies-recombinant nature of OEV-1 suggests a closer relationship among bovine and porcine enteroviruses, enabling the exchange of at least some modular genetic elements that may evolve independently...

..PTV is present in wild boars, and WB2C-TV/2011/HUN represents a novel PTV genotype, provisionally named PTV-13...

..Further studies are needed to investigate the aetiological role and pathogenic potential of this picornavirus in food animals...

..The 390-aa-long L protein is cysteine rich and encodes two copies of a 34-aa-long repeat motif. Quail picornavirus represents a novel picornavirus species and perhaps a novel genus...

..Wild boar/WBD/2011/HUN (JN807387) PEV showed only 67% amino acid identity in VP1 compared to the most closely related prototype PEV-3H/PEV-14. Wild boar enterovirus represents a novel PEV genotype, provisionally called PEV-15...

..They belong to a genetically diverse group of RNA viruses with multiple genogroups (G) and genotypes. Genotype GII-4 norovirus (Lordsdale) is the predominant agent in epidemics...

..Both infectious and non-infectious forms of acute conjunctivitis are known. Viruses, especially different types of adenoviruses are the etiological agents of infectious epidemic conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis epidemica)...

..Clusters of epidemics including food-borne outbreaks were detected. According to this study, noroviruses are the predominant etiological agents causing gastroenteritis outbreaks in Hungary...

..This study supports the possibility that EV109 is able to cause acute respiratory infections, in addition, it might be plays a part in lower respiratory disease with hospitalization in children...

..It causes 4.2-7.3% of the sporadic gastroenteritis cases with diarrhea and vomiting in children. The etiological role of astrovirus has not been confirmed yet in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in Hungary...

..In this classification swine/K23/2008/HUN represents PEV3...

..Endemic subtype IA and probably imported new variant subtype IB HAV viruses was detected in outbreaks of hepatitis in Hungary that are closely related genetically to HAV strains in Italy...

..Further studies are required to investigate the specific host species (and spectrum), ecology and role of Halastavi árva RNA virus in the nature...

..In Hungary, beside the sporadic HAV infections, outbreaks also occur, particularly in Northeast part of the country where the subgenotype IA is endemic. The reported number of HAV cases was less than 10 per year in Southwest Hungary...

..Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the major causes of respiratory infection of infants and children worldwide. The molecular epidemiology of hRSV is unknown in Hungary...

..Supposedly these outbreaks can be linked to genotype GI2 sapovirus...

..Identification of HEV in indigenous human infection and in domestic pig raises the possibility that HEV infection is also a zoonosis...

..Human metapneumovirus was identified in 2001 as a respiratory-tract pathogen that has been classified as a new genera in family Paramyxoviridae...

..Hungary1 represents a potential novel human variant of HEV in genus Hepevirus...

..TTMDV/SAVs are frequently present in nasopharyngeal aspirates, although the variants may only be transient agents. Further research is needed to investigate the pathogenesis and pathogenic role of TTMDV/SAV...