Andrew E Czeizel

..4% vs. 9.5%). This finding may be connected with the favourable hormonal milieu (larger placenta, higher level of chorionic gonadotrophin and oestrogens) of pregnant women with nausea and vomiting...

..Maternal panic disorder in pregnancy is the most common manifestation of anxiety disorders in Hungary. The association between panic disorder during pregnancy and structural birth defects, i.e., congenital abnormalities, was studied...

..Thus, treatment with mebendazole during pregnancy did not indicate a teratogenic and fetotoxic risk to the embryo or fetus, though the numbers of treated cases and controls in this study were limited...

..To study the association between bronchial asthma during pregnancy and gestational age/birth weight, and also preterm birth and low birth weight...

..To study the teratogenicity of oral griseofulvin during pregnancy...

..To evaluate maternal age and birth order, in addition socioeconomic status and finally occupational background of mothers who delivered babies with different isolated ocular congenital abnormalities...

..5% after this treatment compared with the 9.2% of preterm birth in the untreated group. Thus the combination of M+M was not able to reduce the preterm birth associated with vulvovaginal infections/disorders...

..However, periconceptional multivitamin/folic acid supplementation during the early pregnancy was able to reduce the acute respiratory infection related risk for congenital abnormalities...

..0%) among 181 MCA babies born to mothers with high fever-related diseases. In the total dataset of 1349 MCA, 2.8% of cases can be associated with high fever...

..The aim of this study was to ascertain the relationship between influenza during pregnancy and pregnancy complications, and in addition, delivery outcomes particularly preterm birth and low birth weight in newborns...

..To study the human teratogenic potential of vaginal metronidazole treatment during pregnancy...

..The main limitation of the analysis was that at the time of data collection only a small proportion of pregnant mothers were using anti-asthma medications recommended by the actual guidelines...

..5%, adjusted OR with 95% CI: 0.5, 0.4-0.7). In conclusion, there was an obvious correlation between severity of ARID in pregnant women and rate of preterm births...

....

..In conclusion, senna treatment did not associate with a higher risk of CAs in the offspring of pregnant women with constipation...

..The knowledge of the teratogenic potential of pholedrine may contribute to the evaluation of other sympathomimetic drugs...

....

..To study the association between common cold during pregnancy and pregnancy complications and delivery outcomes: gestational age/birth weight, in addition preterm birth and low birthweight...

..Our data did not indicate teratogenic and fetotoxic effect of oxoline acid, however, the number of cases and controls was limited...

....

..Therefore, we examined the risk of congenital abnormalities in infants born to women who had migraines and other headaches during pregnancy...

..Our study failed to demonstrate a higher rate of congenital abnormalities in infants with mothers who had received oral ketoconazole treatment during pregnancy...

..We conclude that the higher incidence of IPCG in the Hungarian Gypsy population is associated with their inbreeding and the possible founder effect of a gene mutation...

..A higher rate of CA was not found in the offspring of pregnant women with severe constipation and related senna treatment...

..To estimate the rate of preterm births in pregnant women with lower genital tract infection, i.e. vulvovaginitis-bacterial vaginosis and to check their prevention by drug treatments in the usual clinical practice...

..To study the possible human teratogenic effect of oral dipyrone, an antipyretic and analgesic drug treatment during pregnancy...

..In conclusion, maternal urinary tract infections during pregnancy increase pre-eclampsia and polyhydramnios, and in addition the rate of preterm birth; however, the latter is preventable by appropriate drug treatments...

..To estimate the efficacy of iron supplementation in anemic pregnant women on the basis of occurrence of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes...

..The possible association between acute pelvic inflammatory diseases (APID) of pregnant women and structural birth defects, that is, congenital abnormalities (CA) in their offspring, has not been studied...

....

..To study the possible association between orofacial herpes during pregnancy and pregnancy complications including preterm birth and low birth weight, since the results of previous studies are inconsistent...

..However, this finding is considered only as signal and further studies are needed to confirm or reject this possible association...

..To evaluate the possible association between all kinds of drug treatments during pregnancy and isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and posterior cleft palate (PCP) in the offspring...

..The objective was to study the possible association among maternal migraine during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, and the delivery outcomes: sex ratio, gestational age/birth weight and preterm birth/low birth weight...

..To estimate the risk of congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with symptomatic cholelithiasis and complicated cholecystitis...

..In conclusion high fever related influenza-common cold with secondary complications may play a role in the origin of IECA, but is preventable with the early and effective antifever treatment of these pregnant women...

..To study human risk and benefit of vaginal econazole treatment during pregnancy...

..The present study aimed to estimate the effect of maternal allergic rhinitis on birth outcomes, in particular congenital abnormalities, preterm birth and low birthweight newborns...

....

....

....

....

..To review the main results of intervention trials which showed the efficacy of periconceptional folic acid-containing multivitamin and folic acid supplementation in the prevention of neural-tube defects (NTD)...

..Antihypertensive treatments were not able to neutralize the harm of severe CH in pregnant women, the antihypertensive treatments were not appropriate and/or effective, or related drug treatments may contribute to these adverse effects...

..To study the effect of large doses of phenobarbital used for a suicide attempt during pregnancy for fetuses to estimate the teratogenic potential of phenobarbital...

..The possible association between otitis media in pregnancy (OMP) and structural birth defects, that is, congenital abnormalities (CAs), in their offspring has not been studied...

..UMCA represent one of the most severe categories of CA. The degree of intrauterine fetal growth retardation depends on number of component CA in UMCA cases...

..In conclusion, our observational case-control study did not detect a folic acid containing multivitamins during the early pregnancy as a risk factor for MCAs...

..The aim of the study was to estimate the effect on the fetal development of high doses of prescription drugs taken as a suicide attempt during pregnancy...

..Thus the objective of this secondary analysis in the expanded data set was to evaluate potential confounders and to examine the possible interaction of clotrimazole with other drugs...

..Multiple congenital abnormalities (MCAs) represent the most severe category of structural birth defects; therefore, we decided to evaluate the possible etiological factors for MCAs...

..The conclusion of the study is that treatment with oral nystatin during pregnancy presents little teratogenic risk to the foetus, but the possible association between hypospadias and nystatin needs further study...

..2) or in any group of congenital abnormalities. Treatment with prenoxdiazine during pregnancy did not have any teratogenic risk to the fetus. Thus, prenoxdiazine treatment in pregnant women with an unproductive cough may be beneficial...

..In conclusion TT in pregnant women associated with a higher risk of congenital hydrocephalus in their children, however, this finding is based on only 4 cases therefore requires further confirmation in future studies...

..01). The possible preterm birth protective effect of paracetamol may be associated with paracetamol-induced reduction of prostacyclin production in pregnant women. The clinical relevance of these findings needs further studies...

..The efficacy of special medical care of epileptic pregnant women was not shown on the basis of decrease in the rate of CAs in the offspring of epileptic pregnant women...

..To evaluate the teratogenic effect of very large doses of nitrazepam in children born to pregnant women who attempted suicide and to check the feasibility of self-poisoning pregnant women model...

..In addition better ascertainment may also contribute to this increase, but new etiological factors cannot also be excluded...

..49-0.84). In conclusion, a higher risk for CAs and other adverse birth outcomes was not found in the offspring of pregnant women with hypotension, but maternal hypotension was associated with a higher risk of some pregnancy complications...

..A possible explanation for the association of IDP with higher risk for some specific CAs may be the high fever in IDP...

....

..The risk and benefit of drug use during pregnancy needs a better balance because the teratogenic risk is exaggerated...

....

..We studied the association between the use of nutritional supplements during the first gestational month and the origin of Down's syndrome...

..The objective of the investigation was to study the possible association between uterus uni- or bicornis in pregnant women and structural birth defects (ie, congenital abnormalities) in their offspring...

....

..To study the possible links between recurrent symptomatic genital herpes during pregnancy and risk for congenital abnormalities (CAs)...

..The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence at birth of different ocular congenital abnormalities and to describe their birth characteristics in Hungary...

..A controlled cohort trial was designed to confirm or deny these results...

..09, 0.80). Gestational age and birth weight were not significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that hyperemesis gravidarum provides a protective effect against risk to oral clefts in newborns...

..To study the association between nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatments during pregnancy and prevalence of different congenital abnormalities (CAs)...

..Thus in this study the mothers of cases with congenital abnormalities were 26% less likely to have had severe nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy than the mothers of population controls without congenital abnormalities...

..The author of this Commentary proposes a detailed database for this approach for discussion because a consensus may be achieved only after the confirmation or modification of these critical periods...

..To study the human teratogenic risk of a folic acid-containing multivitamin...

..Thus, it is a signal for the potential teratogenic risk of tolnaftate in a case-control study, though the number of cases and controls were limited. Therefore, international collaboration is needed for the final conclusion...

..This system was appropriate to describe the characteristics of these pregnant women as a secondary finding from this model...

..These findings were confirmed by US and Swedish studies, but not in the Chinese population. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate this possible association in a population-based data set...

..Periconceptional clinics seem to be appropriate for the starting point for the primary prevention of common complex diseases as well...

..9, 1.1-13.8). Thus, maternal treatment of sulfamethoxydiazine may cause ventricular septal defect, while sulfathiourea may induce clubfoot; however, further studies are needed to verify or reject these associations...

..01), though mean gestational age was shorter. The conclusion of this study is that the treatment with vaginal natamycin during pregnancy presents no detectable teratogenic risk to the fetus...

..In conclusion, our study did not indicate the carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effect of acrylonitrile among workers using this chemical in the factory...

..To attempt the detection of possible etiological factors in the origin of isolated ocular, mainly iris coloboma...

..19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-2.06), and in the entire pregnancy was OR 0.94 (95% CI 0.61-1.44). Self-reported maternal herpes labialis during pregnancy was not associated with a substantially increased risk of NTDs in infants...

..We therefore examined the risk of congenital abnormalities in children born to women with ulcerative colitis...

..We evaluated if acetaminophen, one of the most frequently used drugs among pregnant women is associated with an increased prevalence of congenital abnormalities...

..We examined the risk of selected congenital abnormalities in a large case-control dataset from Hungary and found no increased risk of such congenital abnormalities...

..The objective of the study was to estimate risk of acute and chronic maternal diseases during pregnancy in the origin of neural-tube defects...

..83 (95% CI: 0.46-1.50). Our data showed that self-reported maternal use of oral contraceptives during pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of hypospadias in the offspring...

..We studied congenital abnormalities following exposure to phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam in early pregnancy, i.e., second and third month, compared to mid-pregnancy, i.e., fifth and sixth month of pregnancy...

..Speculations on a relationship between these findings and the presence of oral clefts are presented...