Pagona Lagiou

..This advice does not contradict current dietary advice on prudent diet during pregnancy and throughout life...

..Recent results from a unique cohort of women with documented exposure to diethylstilbestrol in utero have provided direct evidence in support of a potential role of pregnancy oestrogens on breast cancer risk in offspring...

..To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health...

..We examined in umbilical cord blood the correlation of potential breast epithelial mitogens, including hormones and growth factors, with hematopoietic stem cell concentrations serving as surrogates of overall stem cell potential...

..The findings of the present study in a northern European population of young women indicate that closer adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces mortality even among young persons...

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..39 to -0.05). In normal pregnancies, maternal alpha-fetoprotein is inversely related to prepregnancy body mass index and appears to have a physiologic role on duration of gestation rather than on birth weight...

..To assess the relation between specific flavonoid classes and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), an important manifestation of atherosclerosis...

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..Dietary intake of flavonoids has been reported to protect against coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but associations of specific classes of flavonoids with CHD have not been adequately studied...

..In conclusion, the results of this large multicentric study indicate that diet plays an important role in the etiology of UADT cancer...

..We investigated whether dietary intakes are associated with the expression of ER-alpha and PR receptors in the apparently normal, as opposed to pathological, mammary tissue...

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..Close to 90% of UADT cancers were squamous cell carcinomas. A clear preponderance of smokers and alcohol drinkers among UADT cases compared with controls was observed...

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..Given the high frequency of occurrence of the examined conditions in the male population and our limited knowledge about other modifiable risk factors, preventive measures may have to focus on increasing physical activity...

..Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced risk of UADT cancers, and may explain the lower incidence of UADT cancers in Greece, in spite of the smoking and drinking habits of this population...

..The finding is accentuated by the fact that women with benign breast diseases are already at a relatively high risk for breast cancer...

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..We found no evidence that estriol, progesterone, or sex hormone-binding globulin is associated with this condition...

..The results of this exploratory analysis need to be confirmed before pathophysiologic interpretations and generalizations are attempted...

..We conclude that flavones may be inversely associated with HCC risk, irrespective of its dominant etiology (viral or non viral)...

..The MD, as an integral entity, is inversely associated with CHD incidence and, particularly, mortality...

..No study, however, has evaluated the association of the traditional Mediterranean diet with breast cancer in a Mediterranean country...

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..It is noted that, notwithstanding the substantial gaps in our scientific knowledge, preventive nutritional approaches can be envisaged and they are likely to be moderately successful...

..Design: Routinely recorded adjusted overall mortality and food availability data in Mediterranean and non-Mediterranean EU countries. A Mediterranean diet score designed a priori was used as instrument...

..The review concludes with estimates of mortality from cancer around the world that can be attributed to specific factors under the light of the current scientific knowledge...

..Three hundred and fourteen cases and 314 frequency-matched controls of both genders, aged 45-85, attending the ophthalmology department of a major teaching hospital in Athens, Greece, were included in the study...

..However, the results from more recent prospective studies do not support this hypothesis, and the possible association between different food sources of fat and prostate cancer risk also remains unclear...

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..On the basis of our findings and the relevant literature, we infer that isoflavones, and perhaps flavonols, may have favorable effects with respect to ovarian cancer risk...

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..We conclude by outlining a feasible population-based study that measures stem cell potential to explore mechanisms mediating the relation between in utero exposure to pregnancy hormones and breast cancer risk in the offspring...

..Allowance for vegetable and fruit consumption only partly explained these inverse relations. Thus, flavonoids, and particularly flavones and flavonols, may account, at least in part, for the favorable role of plant foods on RCC...

..Our findings indicate that progesterone may have a role in the late manifestation of pre-eclampsia pathology but are also compatible with the hypothesis that increases in progesterone represent an early compensatory mechanism...

..CONCLUSIONS: Because E3 is a dominant estrogen during pregnancy, the positive association of it with birth weight allows the use of the latter as a proxy of in utero exposure to estrogens in breast cancer investigations...

..This study investigates the potential role of olive oil and other added fats used for seasoning or cooking on ovarian carcinogenesis...

..95), flavan-3-ols (OR, 0.86), anthocyanidins (OR, 1.09), as well as for isoflavones (OR, 1.05). The findings of this large study of an inverse association between flavones and breast cancer risk confirm the results of a Greek study...

..The meaning of the change in findings for estrogens after controlling for factors related to the pregnancy is unclear with regard to explaining international breast cancer differences...

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..In conclusion, this study suggests that flavanone intake is inversely associated with esophageal cancer risk and may account, with vitamin C, for the protective effect of fruit, especially citrus fruit, on esophageal cancer...

..Our aim was to investigate the reliability of the information on family history of cancer in first-degree relatives in a hospital-based case-control study...

..A corollary is that studies of mammotropic hormones in relation to breast cancer risk may also need to focus on the lower end of the distributions of these growth-enhancing hormones...

..We aimed to quantify the effect of physical activity on overall mortality in younger women and to assess the effect of past versus current activity...

..Thus, the results of the present study do not support a protective effect of flavonoids on prostate cancer in this Italian population, characterized by a high intake of flavonoid-containing foods (except isoflavone-rich foods)...

..Women with breast cancer are at high risk of bilateral breast cancer. We aimed to assess the incidence of bilateral breast cancer in relation to age and time since diagnosis of first cancer...

..None of the associations were significant after further allowance for vitamin C, probably on account of the high collinearity between these compounds...

..This paper describes different methods to measure physical activity and energy expenditure from the epidemiological perspective, and attempts to address the concepts related to the measurement of physical activity...

..0002 and 0.065, respectively). Both gene effects were independent of each other, implying that multiple ADH genes may be involved in upper aerodigestive cancer etiology...

..To determine whether exposure to low doses of ionising radiation in infancy affects cognitive function in adulthood...

..We present PVE as a topic for consideration in population-based studies, examples of the types of studies where PVE may be relevant, and our own analysis of one such study in the text below...

..This perspective accommodates much of what is known about the epidemiology and natural history of breast cancer and highlights the role of early life in the origin of this cancer...

..Abdominal pressure is further accentuated mainly in men by the shift in Western male dressing towards the general use of belts...

..Our results provide compelling evidence of a locus at 15q25 predisposing to lung cancer, and reinforce interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as potential disease candidates and chemopreventative targets...