Manfred Westphal

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..1% in the BCNU wafer-treated group vs. 1.7% in the placebo group). This study confirms that local chemotherapy with BCNU wafers is well tolerated and offers a survival benefit to patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma...

..Since all agents so far show only limited activity against solid tumor, complete resection seems to be the prerequisite for effective local therapies...

..03) in the BCNU wafer-treated group over the course of the 30-month trial. Long-term follow-up of these patients was undertaken to determine the survival benefit at 2 and 3 years...

..Combining this enhanced understanding of the relationship between neural stem cell biology and the cell lineage relationships of tumour cells with model systems offers new opportunities to develop specific and effective therapies...

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..The repulsive properties of contactin may be a key factor in glioma disaggregation, and may contribute to the diffuse infiltration pattern characteristic of glioma cells in human brain...

..These findings suggest that approximately half of all human glioblastomas respond to hypoxia with an induction of c-Met, which can enhance the stimulating effect of SF/HGF on tumor cell migration...

..Given the strong up-regulation of SF/HGF and MET in human malignant gliomas, NK4 holds promise as a direct interstitial therapeutic agent for these fatal tumors...

..Such models are thus of limited value for preclinical studies. We established a highly invasive model to evaluate the effect of antibodies against EGFR (cetuximab) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (antibody DC101)...

..The expression of several oncogenic RON splice variants in malignant gliomas suggests that these could represent candidate targets for treatment with agents inhibiting RON activity...

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..Our findings suggest that antagonization of PTPzeta/RPTPbeta expression can inhibit glioma growth in vivo and may thus represent a potentially promising treatment strategy...

..Over time the pharynx/esophageal wall adapts to the applied pressure induced by the retractor blade. The contact area between them influences the retraction pressure...

..Prospective study of 92 patients who underwent anterior cervical surgery. Intraoperative esophagus retraction and postoperative dysphagia were recorded and evaluated...

..In addition, we analyzed whether blockade of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin as a different antiangiogenic target could also inhibit glioblastoma angiogenesis and growth...

..We thus demonstrate the utility of GSf lines in testing therapeutic agents and validate CXCR4 as a target to block the growth of invasive tumor-initiating glioma stem cells in vivo...

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..A local chemotherapy applied directly to the resection cavity may act directly on residual tumor cells in adjacent brain possibly leading to a local control of the tumor and increased survival...

..Our findings support the hypothesis that the angiogenically active microvasculature modulates the local guidance of NSC through endothelial cell-derived chemoattractants...

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..The mechanisms of tumor inhibition include antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic effects...

..Although PTN is a secreted growth factor, it appears to exert its mitogenic effects mostly in a matrix-immobilized form, serving as a substrate for migrating tumor cells...

..The extent to which NSCs infiltrate three-dimensional glioma cell aggregates appears to depend on additional factors, which are likely to include cell-to-cell contacts and interaction with extracellular matrix proteins...

..Near-field high-frequency ultrasound has been used to evaluate the sonographic findings of suture anatomy and confirm the diagnosis of positional plagiocephaly as well as provide information of prognostic value...

..These results suggest that loss of p53 function and dysregulated Aurora B protein levels might represent factors that drive the development of multinucleated cells in gcGB...

..Several growth factors are thought to be involved in glioma cell migration; however, little is known about their motogenic potency relative to one another...

..This seems to be related to the specific dynamics of the cranial assault and the reduced forces applied to the patient's head demonstrated in a 3D bite simulation...

..This article discusses data from 3 randomized phase 3 trials, supporting a role for surgery in glioblastoma...

..A radiation dose of 54 Gy appeared sufficient. Application of postoperative radiotherapy should be decided individually, taking into account the risk of local failure, the need for another craniotomy, and potential radiation toxicity...

..We therefore recommend aggressive AVM treatment including the exclusion of associated aneurysms as a minimal therapeutic goal whenever possible...

..To prospectively evaluate whether diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance (MR) imaging depicts differences in World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and III glial brain tumors on the basis of tumor architecture and peritumoral tract invasion...

..Analogous to previous studies in breast cancer patients, we investigated whether the dynamics of TGF-beta2 plasma levels allow the prediction of response to TAM-treatment in glioblastoma patients as well...

..Our findings suggest that TrkA activation in human glioblastomas might be beneficial therapeutically, especially as several of the currently used chemotherapeutics also induce autophagic cell death...

..In general, there is a wide spectrum of specific neuro-oncological therapy developments, which are not only extrapolated from general oncology but also based on translational research in the field of glioma biology...

..If endovascular treatment is not promising, wrapping and revascularization techniques come true to still be an important part of the neurosurgeons toolbox for reconstructing a vessel lumen and preserving a sufficient cerebral blood flow...

..We undertook a prospective, non-randomized study on the translaminar approach for the treatment of cephalad extruded disc fragments impinging the exiting root...

..In several animal models sVEGFR-1 inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth. We analyzed the levels of endogenous sVEGFR-1 in gliomas of different malignancy grades in relation to tumor vascularity and VEGF-A...

..Extended perifocal edema in meningiomas is an unusual finding and should alert the neurosurgeon that surgery may aggravate edema excessively, leading to a life-threatening postoperative situation...

..The recombinant LCMV-GP-pseudotyped vectors will also allow functional characterization of naturally occurring and recombinant LCMV-GP variants...

..We used a questionnaire and the database of the German Glioma Network to evaluate these questions...

..This investigation examines changes of FA and NAA and compares these different aspects in architecture of gliomas after spatial coregistration...

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..But the optimal treatment paradigm has yet to be defined and may well be an individualized interdisciplinary combinatorial approach...

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..Additional aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and right middle cerebral artery were clipped several months later. The patient recovered well, and except for slight gait ataxia no other deficit remained...

..Our findings indicate that adhesion of glioma cells to brain sections most rapidly takes place on ECM protein containing regions, especially blood vessels which may serve as guiding structures for glioma dissemination...

..Several theoretical considerations suggest that these approaches may be promising in the treatment of brain tumors...

..Lack of SF/HGF expression by most cultured glioblastoma cells is not representative of the in vivo situation and most likely represents a culture artifact...

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..To conclude, our findings provide evidence for different genetic pathways involved in ependymoma formation and progression, which may allow to define genetically and clinically distinct tumor entities...

..In conclusion, we showed that SF/HGF may contribute to glioma progression by stimulating tumor invasiveness, proliferation and neovascularization...

..Incorrect placement makes further punctures necessary. The newly developed device allows CSF flow observation during the puncture procedure and in addition precise intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement...

..The goal of the present study is to demonstrate the significance of feeding vessel pedicle aneurysms, especially those found in infratentorial AVMs...

..The local ischemia of the pharynx/esophagus wall may be a crucial step in the development of postoperative dysphagia...

..Our study supports the role of TXSA activity for the progression of malignant glioma and the potential utility of its therapeutic modulation for glioma treatment...

..Therefore, a combination of different treatment modalities which also include anti-invasive therapy may be needed for an effective therapy against glioblastoma, and the use of an antibody against VEGFR-2 may be one effective component...

..Daily injections over a period of three weeks using this system are feasible and well tolerated by mice...

..This review focuses on the composition of central nervous system ECM and the recent evidence for the use by glioma cells of multiple invasion mechanisms in response to this unique environment...

..INTERPRETATION: Combining the results obtained from our human and mouse studies, it has to be postulated that host factors other than the sensitivity to TAM of the individual cell, determine the efficacy of TAM-treatment in vivo...

..This effect may be independent of prostaglandin synthesis controlled by cyclo-oxygenases...

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..This has led to increased interest in distinct but related strategies, e.g. oncolytic viruses or direct intra-tumoral delivery of anti-sense oligonucleotides...

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..Spinal tumours can be diagnosed precisely by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Planning the surgical procedure of intradural tumours, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been used to evaluate its diagnostic potential...

..The results demonstrate for the first time that the tumors under investigation are associated with a retention of imprinting of a potential growth inhibitory gene...

..Vaccination against tumour-associated antigens is one approach to elicit anti-tumour responses. We investigated the effect of polynucleotide (DNA) vaccination using a model antigen (E. coli lacZ) in a syngeneic gliosarcoma model (9L)...

..In conclusion, we found loss at 11p15 to be a marker for TNBC primary tumors and BCBM and PRKCDBP to be a potential target gene in this locus...

..Our experiences have shown that IOUS may reduce the procedure-related morbidity and should, therefore, be used as a standard intraoperative tool in these high-risk surgical entities. (E-mail: )...

..Sonography offers the potential to be a standard investigation for infants with head deformities suspecting a suture pathology and has been therefore integrated in our craniofacial outpatient clinic as a daily routine method...

..This paradigm may offer a novel perspective in the treatment of patients with malignant gliomas...

..This standardised grading system predicts the outcome of 3rd VS and helps in decision making for 3rd VS versus VP shunting...

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..In clinical specimens the functional status of p53 is, therefore, often evaluated by direct mutation analysis of exons 5-8 or indirectly by immunostaining and evaluation of the subcellular localization pattern or protein accumulation...

..Extensive CNS injuries including hematomas, subarachnoid hemorrhage, foreign body contamination, and increased intracranial pressure are frequently observed...

..In this context we present our experiences with intraoperative ultrasound which represents a real-time navigation system...

..Importantly, the possible effect of combined 1p/19q loss has not been studied in patients who were not treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy...

..This review will summarise recent advances in GBM therapies focusing on RPTPzeta as a target for immunotherapeutics...

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..In our surgical experience with 226 intramedullary tumors and with 117 patients affected by intracranial pilocytic astrocytoma this case is unique because of its combination of tumor location, growth pattern and age of the patient...

..Our results suggest a novel function for RPTPzeta in regulating glioblastoma cell motility and point to the therapeutic utility of RPTPzeta as a target for antibody-mediated therapy of brain tumors...

..CONCLUSIONS: NBI-3001 appears to have an acceptable safety and toxicity profile when administered intratumorally in patients with recurrent malignant glioma...

..Because HHs might express genes similar to those required for the initiation of normal puberty, we used cDNA arrays to compare the gene expression profile of an HH associated with CPP with three HHs not accompanied by sexual precocity...

..The diagnosis was papillary glioneuronal tumor (PGNT), a relatively recently described lesion that may be a variant of ganglioglioma. The current literature on PGNTs is reviewed...

..The clinical, radiological and morphological similarity between ependymomas, which are far more common in the cauda equina region than paragangliomas, has led to substantial diagnostic confusion in the past...