H Walter

..I conclude that the notion of strong emergence is only a preliminary label which, however, might be understood as a challenge for empirical scientists to explain and understand phenomena related to subjectivity and consciousness...

..It is concluded that simulated driving requires mainly perceptual-motor integration and that the limited cognitive capacity model of driving has to be revised...

..False conclusions dominating these considerations are discussed and corrected. The findings open a new discussion of the relevance of emotional function and dysfunction for accountability...

..The concept of domain dominance is discussed in the light of recent theories of prefrontal cortex function...

..We conclude that the finding of hypofrontality may depend on the medication of the patients and that there is prefrontal dysfunction even in the absence of hypofrontality...

..These results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of emotion and cognition and moreover are of general relevance for studies of episodic memory...

..Future applications of TMS should take individual anatomy into account, and neuronavigation provides the means to do so...

..We applied a newly developed WM task to investigate the neural correlates of executive processes with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at comparable performance levels analyzing correct trials only...

..To study the mesolimbic dopamine system during expectation and receipt or omission of rewards in partially remitted patients with schizophrenia treated with the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine...

..We propose a stimulus-independent role for the bilateral pSFS and its vicinity for maintenance and manipulation of different context-dependent information within working memory...

..Our findings extend current models of facial emotion perception in humans by suggesting an intrinsic functional differentiation within the amygdala related to the extraction of value from facial expressions...

..However, the functional coupling of these cortical networks during WM processing is less clear...

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..This may be due to the tendency of schizophrenic patients to attribute intentionality to physical objects. Our findings have implications for the study and understanding of ToM in schizophrenia but also in other disorders like autism...

..However, superior temporal cortex dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia may be regarded as schizophrenia-specific finding in terms of psychiatric diagnosis specificity...

..We assume that our findings reflect the recruitment of different brain circuits depending on the emotional context during learning...

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..Plasma concentrations were higher for the (R)-enantiomer. The so-called entactogenic effects of MDE are likely to be caused by the (S)-enantiomer, whereas (R)-MDE appears to be responsible for neurotoxic effects...

..rTMS did not lead to a significant reduction of hallucination severity. Conclusively, rTMS has to be regarded critically as a possible novel tool for the treatment of hallucinations...

..In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study we investigated the efficacy of neuronavigated rTMS, guided according to the prefrontal metabolic state determined by positron emission tomography (PET)...

..The present study is the first to examine Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 in BPD and provides further evidence for impaired response inhibition in BPD patients...

..We performed a comprehensive analysis of cerebral abnormalities to compare the neuropsychological defects with findings in different imaging methods in the same cohort of patients...

..The contribution of the premotor cortex to storage and rehearsal is discussed as an active top-down storage process within the frontoparietal network...

..This review provides a short overview on the concept of WM and its relevance for cognitive psychology, discussing both recent behavioral and functional neuroimaging evidence on WM-dysfunction in schizophrenia...

..An overview of studies published in the last ten years, a critical analysis of stimulation procedures and protocols, and possible future perspectives of this method are reviewed in this article...

..Furthermore, low susceptibility to PI might be influenced by increased executive control exerted by the DLPFC...

..The authors examined activity in the ventral striatal system in response to disease-specific stimuli in women with acute anorexia nervosa...

..These deficits in prediction error processing in acute mania may help to explain symptoms of disinhibition and abnormal goal pursuit regulation...

..However, less is known about the relationship between psychopathology, cognitive deficits and regional volume alterations in this patient population...

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..These data suggest that within two temporally anticorrelated network states, patients with schizophrenia exhibit increased and persistent dorsolateral prefrontal and hippocampal connectivity during WM performance...

..e. fearful and painful intolerance of aloneness, hypersensitivity to social environment, and reduced positive memories of dyadic interactions...

..Decreased anticipatory oMFC activation may parallel a lack of antecedent emotion regulation in subjects with high suppression scores, representing another neurobiological predictor of lower mental well-being...

..Although it is long known that modulation of the dopamine system is a basic mechanism of action of neuroleptics, their impact on reward functions mediated by dopamine is still poorly understood...

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..Increased activation for this contrast was found in areas previously related to emotional pain: the right anterior insula and the right ventral prefrontal cortex. We interpreted this as a neural correlate of the egocentric effect...

..We emphasize the importance of controlling side effects of the stimulation as a source of biasing effects in TMS studies...

..No between-group differences were observed for the early and late Pe components. ERP measures appear to be a suitable tool to study clinical time courses in BPD...

..Temporally optimized scanning should increase that potential...

..We therefore identify two different covariates that model activity in the Nac: specific properties of a psychological task and individual character traits...

..This paper proposes that the AAP is a fruitful measure to use in an fMRI environment to examine brain activation patterns in adults while they are speaking overtly about attachment stories in a standardized setting...

..These results are discussed in relation to assessing attachment in an fMRI environment and future research in this area...

..We will discuss implications of this study for neuromarketing as well as general implications of these results that may help to provide deeper insights into the motivating forces of human behaviour...

..These findings demonstrate that ventral areas of prefrontal cortex seem to be differentially engaged during the discrimination of a non-target from a previously manipulated set...

..Supporting cognitive theories, this finding does represent evidence that altered cognitions as potentially involved in expectation result in differences in brain activity...

..As a conclusion, the concept of "simple" hypofrontality does not offer a satisfactory explanation. Rather, a more dynamic model will be necessary in order to achieve a more realistic concept of executive deficits in depression...

..Such studies question the traditional and often misinterpreted dichotomy between organic and psychogenic diseases...

..Because we investigated postacute patients, orbitofrontal cortical alterations may be interpreted as a trait marker predisposing for development of catatonic syndrome in schizophrenic or affective psychosis...

..The observed results might reflect reduced focusing on negative future events with age, and are in line with an age-related shift of motivational priorities for the pursuit of emotional satisfaction and well being...

..The results presented here are of relevance for the understanding of regulatory mechanisms and diseases characterized by increased susceptibility to emotional distraction...

..These results help in the understanding of general mechanisms of emotion regulation and have implications for applied fields like cognitive behavioral therapy...

..We could thus demonstrate that artificial cultural objects associated with wealth and social dominance elicit activation in reward-related brain areas...

..Moreover, increased recruitment of prefrontal reflective subsystems might enhance deliberate control over both reward processing and hedonic experience...

..They are known as well to be altered in depression. Disorders of this network may be relevant for psychiatric disorders such as depression...

..We conclude that distinct areas of the neural system underlying theory of mind are specialized in processing distinct classes of social stimuli...