A Straube

..The objective of the study was therefore to obtain long-term data on the period prevalence of headache in the general population in Germany by means of population-based cross-sectional annual surveys (1995-2005 and 2009)...

..We aimed to develop diagnostic indices for four prevalent vertiginous diseases: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Menière's disease (MD), vestibular migraine (VM), and phobic postural vertigo (PPV)...

..The aim of the present study was to assess associations between frequent use of electronic media and the prevalence of different types of headache in adolescents...

..Finally, anticonvulsants like carbamazepine are the drugs of choice for disorders involving a nerve-blood vessel contact that induces symptoms of vestibular paroxysmia or superior oblique myokymia...

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..Such an imbalance can be due to an increase in parasympathetic tone (e.g. stimulation of parasympathetic fibres) or to a reduction of the sympathetic tone (e.g. a lesion of the sympathetic fibres)...

..The higher prevalence of smokers and of patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 in chronic migraine or MOH supports the idea of a frontal dysfunction in these patients...

..There is only limited information about late neurological complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The purpose of this study is to describe a cerebral angiitis-like syndrome after allogeneic BMT...

..We investigated the dependence of the torque and the pain evoked by FMS and FES on stimulation conditions in order to optimize magnetic stimulation...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of visual information and task specification on the variability of joint angle motion in reaching movements...

..Infiltrating cells, in analogy to typical target organs of GVHD such as skin or liver, expressed CD11a and CCR5. These findings could be of etiopathological, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance...

..Evaluating FCR HD might be helpful for the evaluation and development of locomotor rehabilitation strategies...

..Such patients are thus spared unnecessary surgery of the middle ear...

..5 times higher isometric forces in patients with preserved sensation, than can FES...

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..We discuss the use of intra-arterial nimodipine application as a potential emergency treatment for a complicated or treatment-refractory course of RCVS...

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..Our observation has obvious implications for the management and, in particular, diagnostic evaluation of patients with PERM...

..A correlation of latencies indicates that both motor systems rely on common information to initiate movement. Temporal coupling was stronger for intentional tasks than for reflexive tasks...

..A number of precipitating factors have been described in the literature, including recent childbirth and use of vasoactive substances...

..In the context of predictive eye movement, the involvement of the striatal-frontal pathway and the spatial working memory is discussed...

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..5 +/- 12.0%; p < 0.01). These preliminary results support the hypothesis that immunological mechanisms (such as an enhanced lymphocyte endothelium interaction) could be part of the migraine pathophysiology in humans...

..The duration of the offset did not depend on the experimental condition used. These findings imply that the pursuit onset and offset have some similarities and may be mediated by the same oculomotor system...

..These groups tended to occur predominantly at the end of a sequence...

..These findings suggest that the attention focus selects the visual information used for a trans-saccadic comparison in order to generate the error signal...

..This finding supports the idea that the oculomotor pathways through the basal ganglia are organized like the somatic motor pathways and that stimulation of the posteroventral pallidum influences both...

..Neuromodulation by stimulation of the greater occipital nerve or vagal nerve is being tested in studies and is so far an experimental procedure only...

..The current literature was reviewed and a summary is presented. The therapy recommendations do not only include the scientific evidence but also the practical relevance...

..The affection of bone integrity and the expression of molecules thought to be relevant to headache pathophysiology might be important for meningioma-associated headache in predisposed individuals...

..Cholesterol crystal embolism complicating arterial catheterization usually presents as a multiorgan disease with renal failure, abdominal problems, and skin manifestations...

..We investigated whether crossed legs are a prognostic marker in patients with severe stroke...

..In this review, the clinical symptoms and treatment of both the common neurological complications as well as the particular neurological syndromes after liver, heart, and bone marrow transplantation are discussed...

..005). The BSQ significantly correlated with the number of medication days (p < 0.005). The results confirm the increased prevalence of GAD in headache patients. PD seems to increase the risk of medication overuse...

..Our findings support the theory that a postinfectious immune mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of TS. The mechanism still needs to be elucidated...

..These results suggest that the mislocalization observed during fixation is partially due to a mismatch between egocentric and exocentric localization mechanisms...

..Clinical and radiological follow-up examinations must be performed for at least 2 years, even in patients with negative findings on magnetic resonance imaging at onset...

..These differences in postural stability could serve as an additional tool for differential diagnosis...

..This indicates that visual information sampled during the deceleration phase of a saccade can lead to a cancellation of the normal trigger mode of corrective saccades...

..The authors hypothesize that these findings reflect disturbed compensatory vascular mechanisms by which autoregulation of the CSF pressure tries to compensate for the reduced CSF volume...

..They are probably the result of decreased CSF volume, with the retrospinal fluid collections being a transudate from the venous plexus rather than frank extravasation. Resolution of these signs parallels resolution of the headache...

..This article describes the standard of knowledge and tries to shed light on possible mechanisms of pain generation in the respective conditions...

..On the other hand, one must also consider the increased use of the unaffected hand and the presence of pain as cortical influencing variables. The real cause must remain speculative at this time...

..In our study, only infratentorial tumours were associated with headache location, and predominantly with occipital but rarely frontal pain...

..The prevalence of anxiety and depression and the influence of headache severity on these illnesses were examined in patients who were part of the managed care of headache in Bavaria...

..6%), neuropathy of the intermedian nerve (10.0%) and cervicogenic headache (10.0%). The respective pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed and treatment options based on the clinical picture are presented...

..We discuss current possibilities for increasing output power and endurance...

..A trial with caffeine, theophylline, or indomethacin is recommended; otherwise, the most effective treatment option is an epidural blood patch, which is effective also in the absence of a documented CSF leak...

..Interestingly, illnesses that are comorbid with migraine cause an increase in the amount of REM sleep; conversely, various drugs administered prophylactically for these illnesses reduce the quantity of REM sleep...

..In addition, superior oblique myokymia and vestibular paroxysmia are reviewed. All treatment recommendations available in the literature are classified as class C only. In general, only some of the patients benefit from the treatment...

..CONCLUSION: Repetitive magnetic unilateral stimulation has a positive effect on spastic tone increase due to spinal lesions, causing a decrease that lasts for about 1 day not only on the ipsilateral but also on the contralateral side...

..To determine the spectrum and frequency of neurologic sequelae after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and to define a risk profile of the patients...

..GVHD-associated polyneuropathies as well as muscular complications have been found to occur during the early BMT phase, while myasthenia gravis is a late neurologic complication of GVHD...

..In general, as with other chronic pain syndromes, there is increasing evidence that a multimodal therapy, consisting of patient education, behavioral therapy and pharmacological therapy, is more successful than a singular therapy...

..The results suggest that the primary saccade is based on a specific target acquisition process that differs from that used for spatial perception and for the programming of memory-guided corrective saccades...

..Topiramate may have prophylactic properties for treating cluster headache at lower doses than needed in epilepsy therapy, but its clinical value is limited due to central nervous system side-effects...

..Nevertheless, the evidence for an immunogenically triggered cluster attack is still lacking. In summary, only a mutual modulation of the immune and the pain system can be assumed with certainty...

..There are some remarkable clinical similarities between these two syndromes, including age of onset, unilateral manifestation, and occurrence of focal seizures. It is most probable that both diseases have an autoimmunological background...

..The authors investigated the role that mutations at the CCM1 locus play in sporadic cavernomas and the prevalence of occult familial forms among symptomatic cavernomas...

..The finding of a possible autoimmune origin of TS has implications for both pathophysiology and future therapeutic strategies...

..To determine whether the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) acts as a pain mediator in neuropathic pain in humans...

..There are no indicators that classic neglect or extinction contribute to these findings. Physical therapy of such patients should take this observation into consideration...

..An integrated approach including bio-behavioral management is accepted as standard treatment but does not provide sufficient pain relief in all patients...

..Although the MRI findings were compatible with a demyelinating lesion, neither extensive evoked potential studies nor spinal fluid examination supported this...

..Application of the new IHS criteria yielded headache categories that were not mutually exclusive, indicating a need for further discussion about the value of probable headache types in epidemiological studies...

..The specific deficiency in detecting object-motion indicates that adaptation to CN occurs on the level of visual--vestibular interactions for the perception of visual object-motion and not on the level of visual motion signals...

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..To verify this thesis on plastic changes in spinal circuitry, we investigated the effects of tsDCS on H-reflex size and post-activation depression...

..These findings indicate that anticipatory modifications of ongoing pursuit do not rely exclusively on the processing of motion signals, but can directly interact with low-level processes analyzing background structures...

..This suggests that different target shapes do influence the control strategy of reaching movements even though variability at movement end was not affected...

..The apparent diffusion coefficient helps to differentiate between reversible vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema, the latter indicating irreversible neuronal death...

..Thus, fixed and dilated pupils that are asymmetric seem to be an important side effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate therapy that may mimic cerebral herniation in deeply anesthetized patients...

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..Four patients had mild and transient side effects (dizziness). Indomethacin might be an alternative drug for treatment of intracranial hypertension...

..The headache, as well as the paresis ameliorated spontaneously. We suggest this is a further well documented case of "ophthalmoplegic migraine" which might reflect Tolosa-Hunt syndrome...

..This case illustrates how malignant tumors can disturb brain function via indirect mechanisms...

..Aim of the present study was to investigate whether G8-students are exposed to more stress and report more headaches and other health complaints than G9-students...

..2% of patients in the "atraumatic" group did (p < 0.05). Therefore, use of the "atraumatic" Sprotte needle for lumbar puncture is recommended...

..Thus, this study provides further evidence that the cerebellum is involved in different cortical mechanisms related to the control of saccadic eye movements...

..The discussed patho-physiology of these disorders and the current literature on treatment options are discussed and practical treatment recommendations are given in the paper...

..Cr was well tolerated, but there were no significant effects with regard to exercise performance, eye movements, or activities of daily life. The power of this pilot study was limited and future multicenter trials are needed...

..This contradicts the current idea of the role of the cortical input to the brainstem saccadic burst generator, which is thought to not be involved in the determination of saccadic velocity...

..Therefore, the pathophysiology of cluster headache may relate to opioidergic dysfunction in circuitries generating the biologic clock...

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..Here we describe a patient with a thunderclap headache and a mid-basilar narrowing due to a reversible vasospasm...

..These findings suggest that cerebral involvement during GvHD may be a new neurologic complication after BMT...

..The recurrence of a primary headache syndrome after long latency should result in the exclusion of a pathological cause...

..Further studies should address the possible value of multiple injections with extended observation periods, dose optimization, and whether duration of headache history and number of previous treatments are predictors of patient response...

..These parameters were defined as objective goals that can be achieved in clinical applications. A secondary aim was to determine whether they could be used to identify subjects who would benefit from such therapy...

..This review covers the clinical picture and therapeutic options. Although studies following the criteria of evidence-based medicine (EBM) are rare, most patients can be treated sufficiently...