Manfred Spitzer

..These findings suggest that working memory, executive control, and semantic retrieval are functionally related to some extent...

..Therefore, the proposal, which is scientifically interdisciplinary in nature, has to be politically international...

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..We emphasize the importance of controlling side effects of the stimulation as a source of biasing effects in TMS studies...

..Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) inhibitors are known to remediate symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. However, only few systematic data exist on the effects of cholinergic treatment on cognitive functions in normal subjects...

..These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia are not impaired in syntactic structure assignment as reflected by the ELAN, but show deficits in semantic-syntactic integration processes underlying the P600...

..Moreover, present results argue for the necessity of careful control of impulsiveness when including normal comparison groups in the context of clinical studies...

..We conclude that the finding of hypofrontality may depend on the medication of the patients and that there is prefrontal dysfunction even in the absence of hypofrontality...

..rTMS did not lead to a significant reduction of hallucination severity. Conclusively, rTMS has to be regarded critically as a possible novel tool for the treatment of hallucinations...

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..This result might reflect impaired response monitoring processes in major depressive disorder resulting from an underactivity in a central reward pathway and/or a deficit in strategic reasoning...

..The concept of domain dominance is discussed in the light of recent theories of prefrontal cortex function...

..These results contribute to the understanding of the interaction of emotion and cognition and moreover are of general relevance for studies of episodic memory...

..Increased unconscious activation of several related concepts may interfere with conscious goal-directed thinking in TD patients...

..We investigated the effects of atomoxetine (80 mg) on error monitoring as a second key component of cognitive control...

..In a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study we investigated the efficacy of neuronavigated rTMS, guided according to the prefrontal metabolic state determined by positron emission tomography (PET)...

..We therefore identify two different covariates that model activity in the Nac: specific properties of a psychological task and individual character traits...

..The potential benefit of rTMS in motor conversion disorder should be evaluated in larger, controlled samples...

..No between-group differences were observed for the early and late Pe components. ERP measures appear to be a suitable tool to study clinical time courses in BPD...

..These findings highlight the eminent importance of sensory and motor experience for acquiring rich concepts...

..CONCLUSION: A single 30-minute aerobic endurance exercise program performed by depressed patients has positive effects on executive control processes that appear to be specifically subserved by the anterior cingulate...

..We conclude that physical activity can possibly serve as a means to improve positively valenced aspects of affect and benefit visuospatial but not verbal memory in young adults...

..5 years. Add-on ECT could be a treatment option in former ecstasy users with severe depressive disorders that fail to respond to SSRI and/or SNRI. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate further the usefulness of ECT in this patient group...

..These results are discussed in relation to assessing attachment in an fMRI environment and future research in this area...

..We discuss the rationale and advantages of the proposed approach relative to other exploratory methods, such as clustering or independent component analysis, as well as the differences from methods based on expanded design matrices...

..The reuptake-inhibition of norepinephrine, known as an excitatory neuromodulator and neurotransmitter, was postulated to enhance cortical excitability through increased facilitation and reduced inhibition as measured with ppTMS...

..We tested the therapeutic potential of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a 20-year-old patient suffering from a conversion paralysis of the right arm...

..It is therefore a precise method for TMS brain mapping studies or for repeated TMS treatments, with the need of topographically exact stimulation...

..This result might reflect impaired response monitoring processes in major depressive disorder resulting from an impaired activation of a central reward pathway and/or a deficit in strategic reasoning...

..Such challenge studies should directly compare individual RSAs. They will represent the most viable and fruitful approach to the resolution of the highly controversial issues of serotonergic neurotoxicity and its functional consequences...

..e. fearful and painful intolerance of aloneness, hypersensitivity to social environment, and reduced positive memories of dyadic interactions...

..The deficit was speech specific, because there were significant group differences only with syllables but not with pure tones...

..We suggest that the observed rCBF increases might reflect processes that possibly contribute to the long-term persistence of memory traces...

..Therefore, it is crucial to know whether the area of a certain function as identified by fMRI corresponds to the area where the TMS should be placed in order to influence this function...

..The observation of the ERN/N(e) following negative feedback during guessing suggests that this ERP component mirrors response evaluation processes comparing expected and actual response outcome rather than response conflict...

..We propose a stimulus-independent role for the bilateral pSFS and its vicinity for maintenance and manipulation of different context-dependent information within working memory...

..However, superior temporal cortex dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia may be regarded as schizophrenia-specific finding in terms of psychiatric diagnosis specificity...

..We could thus demonstrate that artificial cultural objects associated with wealth and social dominance elicit activation in reward-related brain areas...

..No influence of the course of disease or medication was found. Our results are in line with recent studies, where patients, irrespective of TD, show normal performance in the NP...

..In conclusion, semantic hyperpriming in TD patients with schizophrenia appears to be clearly state-dependent and might be viewed as an episode marker of psychosis with TD...

..Therefore, different levels of impulsiveness in control groups should be carefully taken into account in further ERP studies...

..We applied a newly developed WM task to investigate the neural correlates of executive processes with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at comparable performance levels analyzing correct trials only...

..9 vs. 4.0 h). In contrast, the stereochemical disposition of the MDE metabolites HME and MDA was reversed. Concentrations of the (S)-metabolites in plasma of volunteers were much higher than those of the (R)-enantiomers...