Andreas Schaffler

..This review focuses on the biochemistry and pleiotropic physiological functions of CTRPs as new molecular mediators connecting inflammatory and metabolic diseases...

..However, its most frequent causes are related to malignancies, especially lung cancer. In this case report, we describe an unknown association of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis with papillary thyroid cancer...

..In the present study the influence of LPS on five different proteins with a function in immunity and atherosclerosis was analyzed in monocytes from controls and T1D patients...

..Visceral adipose tissue is infiltrated by macrophages in obesity, and there is local crosstalk between these two types of cells, leading to an inflammatory transformation of adipose tissue...

..The term 'adipotropins' is introduced in order to describe pituitary and hypothalamic hormones or releasing factors that directly target adipocytes by their specific receptors...

..Because VEGF serum levels and mucosal VEGF expression is elevated in CD patients, the aim of the present paper was to investigate creeping fat-derived VEGF secretion in CD...

..Pro- or anti-inflammatory adipose tissue-derived secretory products (adipocytokines) might play a role in the pathogenesis of CD...

..Future clinical and therapeutic implications are discussed...

..In this review, the role of the visceral adipose tissue and its secretory products in intestinal and mesenteric diseases is systematically reviewed, with special focus on 'creeping fat' in Crohn's disease and mesenteric panniculitis...

..In some cases, dopamine agonists can be added. In therapy-resistant cases, growth hormone receptor antagonists can be used...

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..Omentin represents a new adipokine expressed in and secreted by omental adipose tissue. Therefore, it was the aim to investigate the putative role of a newly described sequence missense variation in the human omentin gene...

..It was the aim of this study to investigate expression, regulation, and function of CORS-26 in adipocytes...

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..Decoding these molecular mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing novel cell therapies...

..Collectively, these data clearly establish the role of adipose tissue as a new member of the immune system...

..In this article, the authors provide clinically-oriented recommendations to help surgeons, general practitioners, internists, and endocrinologists give their affected patients adequate hormone replacement therapy...

..Adipose tissue mRNA expression and serum levels of adipokines did not differ in rats fed a high-fat diet. These data provide a new molecular mechanism by which fatty acids can link nutrition with innate immunity...

..Based on this, the potential existence and clinical impact of a hypothalamic-pituitary-adipose axis should further be investigated...

..Thus, adiponectin is a potentially new drug target in the treatment of dyslipidaemia...

..Pit-1 and PPARgamma can bind specifically to the promoter and might play an additive functional role in gene regulation of murine CORS-26...

..Adiponectin represents an adipocyte-specific secretory protein that has been discussed recently as candidate gene and promising new drug target to restore insulin sensitivity in diabetes mellitus type 2...

..The physiological range of serum resistin levels, reference values or adjusted percentiles have not yet been determined, making the interpretation of serum resistin concentrations quite difficult...

..This mutation was not detected in the patient's father and her male siblings. The present data provide further evidence to support the functional importance of the putative DNA binding activity of the SRY HMG-box domain...

..Based on this, omentin might be a new adipocytokine playing a role in the defense against intestinal bacterial translocation in the context of Crohn's disease...

..Therefore, a major role of these polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes can be excluded...

..The aim of this study was to analyse the human adipocyte-specific apM-1 gene for sequence variations...

..The present data provide the basis for further investigation of CORS-26 gene regulation in the context of mesenchymal tissue development and in the pathogenesis of bone or skeletal disease...

..CTRP-3 inhibits three basic and common proinflammatory pathways involved in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (adipo-inflammation) by acting as an endogenous LPS antagonist of the adipose tissue...

..Circulating levels of total adiponectin did not correlate with cellular or soluble galectin-3 indicating that additional factors contribute to higher cellular monocytic galectin-3 in obesity and T2D...

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..In agreement with these in vitro finding an increase of monocytic annexin A6 in type 2 diabetes monocytes was observed...

..Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to an impaired immune response and, therefore, we hypothesized that systemic chemerin may be altered in IBD patients...

..CXCL8 is a survival factor, and its upregulation by adiponectin may contribute to the hepatoprotective effects of this adipokine...

..As visceral fat contributes to systemic inflammation, chemerin was measured in portal venous (PVS), hepatic venous (HVS) and systemic venous (SVS) blood of patients with liver cirrhosis...

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..Conclusions: Systemic galectin-3 is elevated in obesity and negatively correlates with glycated hemoglobin in T2D patients, pointing to a modifying function of galectin-3 in human metabolic diseases...

..The receptor and function of cartonectin are unknown and the recombinant protein is not commercially available...

..Therefore, we aimed to analyze AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins in adipocytes and paired samples of subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes/adipose tissue...

..Because monocytes play an important role in atherosclerosis, we analysed the influence of adiponectin on cytokine and chemokine release in monocytes from T1D patients and controls...

..In summary, the current data show that hepatoprotective effects of adiponectin include induction of BAMBI which is reduced in human fatty liver and rodent models of metabolic liver injury...

..In summary this study indicates that elevated systemic free fatty acids and impaired adiponectin activity contribute to reduced SOD2 and most likely increased oxidative stress in T2D monocytes...

..These findings indicate that adiponectin upregulates monocytic activin A release via the p38 MAPK pathway, and this may in part explain the immunoregulatory and antiatherosclerotic effects of this adipokine...

..TLR-ligand-induced proinflammatory and prodiabetic activation of adipocytes might couple visceral adipose tissue dysfunction with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..It was the aim to investigate the hypothesis that the new C1q/TNF-family member CTRP-3 (C1q/TNF-related protein-3) acts anti-inflammatory in human monocytes from healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)...

..Whereas contradictory results have been published for leptin and adiponectin, resistin has not been extensively investigated and no reports on omentin and CORS-26 do exist...

..Further, CMKLR1 was suppressed in the liver of adiponectin deficient mice. These data indicate that low CMKLR1 in NAFLD may partly result from reduced adiponectin activity...

..However, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 proteins were lower in monocytes of T2D compared to normal-weight donors. Induction of IL-6 and IL-8 by adiponectin, an effect involving p38 MAPK, was also reduced in T2D monocytes...

..In summary, the current data provide evidence that impaired hepatic removal of IL-6 is explained by hepatic shunting and liver dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis partly explaining higher systemic levels...

..In summary, these data indicate that oral glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive adults is associated with elevated monocytic and reduced systemic CXCL8...

..The beneficial effects of the therapeutic approaches so far tested in the treatment of fatty liver disease and fibrosis might be due to the modulation of these adipocytokines...

..The aim was to investigate the antiinflammatory and antifibrotic role of CTRP-3 in Crohn's disease (CD)...

..In summary the current data demonstrate that lipid accumulation in hepatocytes induces TGFβ which impairs adiponectin bioactivity, and thereby may contribute to liver injury...

..The results of this approach will help to explain the metabolic changes such as insulin resistance observed during infection and the immunological phenomena such as macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue seen in obesity...

..High AOX1 may be associated with higher ROS well described to induce fibrogenesis in liver tissue but may also influence drug metabolism and activity...

..The aim of the study was to characterize the physiological regulation of visfatin release in vivo in healthy, nondiabetic probands and in adipocytes in vitro...

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..It was the aim of this study to investigate whether the adipocytokine visfatin is able to serve as an early marker predicting peripancreatic necrosis and clinical severity...

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..Adiponectin also lowers surface abundance of CCR2 and CCR5 and downregulation of CCR2 seems to depend on autocrine/paracrine effects of CCL2...

..Here, we analyzed whether synovial fibroblasts express chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1. Further, the role of chemerin in synovial fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation, insulin response and release of inflammatory proteins was studied...

..In summary, the current data indicate that changes accompanying renal dysfunction but not obesity or type 2 diabetes are associated with increased serum resistin...

..Therefore, the current study indicates that HMW-adiponectin exerts pro- and LMW-adiponectin antiinflammatory effects and reduced LMW-adiponectin in obesity may partly contribute to elevated monocytic IL-6 release...

..The results give insight into the dynamics of splanchnic adipokine concentrations and help critically interpret data derived from messenger RNA expression studies...

..To determine circulating and hepatic adiponectin in rodents with fatty liver disease or liver cirrhosis and investigate expression of the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 on the mRNA and protein level and AdipoR2 on the mRNA level...

..These data suggest that in humans neither visceral fat nor fatty liver are major sources of sCD163...

..Because cell viability is not affected during infection, adipose tissue might function as a host for chronic infection by bacteria-causing metabolic, proinflammatory, and prodiabetic disturbances...

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..Therefore, it is concluded that metformin reduces lysoPC in human hepatocytes and this may secondarily lead to a therapeutically beneficial lower release of ApoB...

..Adiponectin is a circulating protein with hepatoprotective effects. Aims: To study the relationship of excessive alcohol consumption and serum adiponectin levels (SAL)...

..In conclusion, the current data show that adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic inflammation are equally important in inducing chemerin synthesis...

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..Elevated AdipoR1 induced by hepatotoxic troglitazone may indicate a role of this receptor in adiponectin-mediated beneficial effects in liver damage...

..Our aim was to characterize the tissue-specific regulation of the recently cloned apM-1 promoter and the mechanisms of TNF-alpha-induced downregulation of the apM-1 gene...

..The present data provide the basis for further investigation of the CORS-26 gene regulation in the context of mesenchymal tissue development, chondrocyte/adipocyte function and bone or skeletal disease...

..Knock-down of AOX1 in preadipocytes led to impaired lipid storage and adiponectin release in the differentiated cells. These data indicate that AOX1 is essential for adipogenesis and may link energy and drug metabolism...

..MicroBeads are widely used to isolate different cell populations and with this report more researchers may be encouraged to use this highly efficient, low-cost and thus affordable method to pursue their scientific goals...

..These data possibly explain the observation that PAI-1 secretion from adipose tissue is not influenced by the PAI-1 promoter polymorphism...

..Exon- and intron-specific primer sequences are presented as a basis for mutation screening of patients affected with FCH...

..In summary, articular adipose tissue and adipocytokines cannot be regarded as innocent bystanders any more in chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis...

..Impaired adipogenesis, intra-adipose accumulation of macrophages and a sustained release of inflammatory and acute phase proteins are characteristic features of adipose tissue in obesity and may aggravate systemic insulin resistance...

..Vitamin D receptor alleles containing the polymorphism have been denoted by f and alleles lacking the site by F...

..The objective of this follow-up study was to assess the long-term outcome of patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis treated with percutaneous catheter drainage and necrosectomy...

..These findings are accompanied by a trend to lower levels of free testosterone in hypertensive type 2 diabetic males. TNF alpha levels were comparable in female and male hypertensive and normotensive type 2 diabetic subjects...

..Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR(gamma2) gene is not associated with diabetic retinopathy but is associated with dyslipidemia in male type 2 diabetic patients...

..25.0% (TT); p = 0.010). No differences in serum levels of lipids were found in genotype-subgroups of the Tyr111His polymorphism. Thus, Gly15Gly polymorphism of apM-1 gene might play a role in dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients...

..We suggest a role for UCP-1 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of obesity and arteriosclerosis. This hypothesis, however, needs further investigation...

..In both cases a gastrointestinal stromal tumor was identified as the bleeding source and was resected. These two cases demonstrate that provocation of bleeding during capsule endoscopy may increase its sensitivity...

..In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the PAI-1 4G/5G promoter polymorphism does not predict PAI-1 plasma levels and is not associated with common metabolic parameters besides fibrinogen levels...

..We tested whether anti-inflammatory fatty acids are able to inhibit the binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to its receptor, toll-like receptor/MD-2 (TLR4/MD-2)...

..It was the aim of the study to investigate the impact of standard metabolic conditions (normo-/hyperglycemia, normo-/hyperinsulinemia) and of GH on the secretion of adiponectin and resistin...

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..It was the aim of this study to investigate peritoneal fluid concentrations of novel (cartonectin, omentin) and classical adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin) in patients with ascites...

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..Additional studies are needed to reveal whether these low levels of adiponectin in CSF have a physiological function...

..The diagnosis is made through histology ("doughnut" granulomas), PCR, serology (acute: anti-phase II antibodies, chronic: anti-phase I antibodies) and culture. Standard therapy is doxycycline...

..Even after an uncomplicated delivery and even with normal laboratory values, Sheehan-Syndrome can become manifest in a hypoglycemic shock due to hypopituitarism with insufficiency of the adrenocorticotropic axis...