Thomas Ruzicka

..Due to improved cosmetic properties, the new formulation was preferred by the patients when asked for preferential use. Quality of life could be improved by treating with both preparations...

..Patients with severe chronic hand eczema (CHE) refractory to topical corticosteroids currently have limited treatment options suited for chronic use, and few controlled clinical studies have investigated new therapies in this setting...

..To investigate the safety and efficacy of oral methylprednisolone combined with azathioprine sodium or mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid...

..Thus, targeting the S100-amplification loop could be a beneficial anti-inflammatory approach in psoriasis and other inflammatory skin diseases...

..However, there is no consensus concerning the practical consequences of a positive SLN, since a survival benefit of a complete lymph node dissection (CLND) has not yet been demonstrated...

..Based on these observations LCA-like molecules targeting cathelicidin could be designed for the treatment of cutaneous diseases that are characterized by disturbed cathelicidin expression...

..Therapy targeting this cathelicidin-regulating system might be beneficial in patients suffering from psoriasis...

..Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) reliably assesses the status of the regional lymph node basins and provides prognostic information in patients with cutaneous melanoma, but is logistically demanding and expensive...

..Topical calcineurin inhibitors are licensed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis; however, the efficacy of tacrolimus in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) has only been shown in single case reports...

..This would imply that this sequential approach may have an increased risk of undetected micrometastases resulting in a worse outcome...

..Together, these results identify antiapoptotic proteins on which specifically melanoma cells rely on and, thus, provide a basis for the development of new Bcl-2 protein-targeting therapies...

..Therapies targeting vitamin D3 signaling may provide new approaches for infectious and inflammatory skin diseases by affecting both innate and adaptive immune functions...

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..In summary, epigenetic PTEN silencing seems to be a relevant mechanism of inactivating this tumor suppressor gene in melanoma that may promote melanoma development by derepression of the AKT pathway...

..Nevertheless, JNK1/2, an important c-Jun activating kinase, was not found to be differentially regulated in LP and SCC compared with normal skin...

..The association with ulceration and advanced-stage tumors, respectively, suggests that nestin and SOX9 may be negative prognostic markers in melanoma...

..A preoperative precise diagnosis and demarcation of the involved cancerous skin remains challenging but is worthwhile to minimize tissue defects and possible limitations of quality of life...

..The skin represents the outer barrier of the human host defense and is in frequent contact with chitin-bearing organisms, such as house-dust mites or flies. The effects of chitin on keratinocytes, however, are poorly understood...

..Köbner phenomenon, Renbök phenomenon or Wolf's isotopic response may link pathogenically unrelated skin diseases to a zosteriform pattern, which may present diagnostic difficulties even for dermatologists...

..Our data suggest that in case of a nodular melanoma subtype SLNB should also be considered at a tumor thickness below 1 mm...

..Among others, differentially expressed genes are related to antigen presentation and angiogenesis. These results suggest an important role of Cat L regulation by hurpin which might be of clinical relevance in human skin diseases...

..The aim of this contribution is to provide the various concepts of integrative medicine...

..Dermatologists should be aware of the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for handling this disease...

..It is caused by mutations in the PSTPIP1 gene and may be closely linked to the aseptic abscesses syndrome, which has been shown to be associated with CCTG repeat amplification in the promoter region of PSTPIP1...

..A differentiation between these reactions by clinical course and etanercept-skin testing may help to decide if ETN treatment should be stopped to avoid the development of more severe adverse drug reactions if ISRs occur...

..The prevalence of infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has steadily increased over the past decades, especially in immunocompromised patients...

..To assess the effect of the ET-receptor antagonist bosentan on skin fibrosis and functionality in patients with SSc...

..Balancing AMP "alarmin" expression might be a novel goal in treatment of chronic inflammatory skin diseases...

..Due to their immunostimulatory and proapoptotic activity, RIG-I and MDA-5 ligands have therapeutic potential due to their ability to overcome the characteristic resistance of melanoma cells to apoptosis...

..Our results indicate that SM induces a complex cellular response in keratinocytes, with the activation of three MAPK pathways and the NF-kappaB pathway...

..Collectively, our data identify a mechanism of skin tumors to evade host antitumor immune responses...

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..To assess the efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin (9-cis-retinoic acid), 10 mg/d, 20 mg/d, and 40 mg/d, compared with placebo control, in the treatment of chronic hand dermatitis...

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..Our results suggest that MCPyV does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders...

..Some nickel (Ni) allergic patients develop complications following Ni-containing arthroplasty. In the peri-implant tissue of such patients, we had observed lymphocyte dominated inflammation together with IFN-gamma and IL-17 expression...

..Inspired by a report showing photodynamic therapy (PDT) to be effective in a single patient with GA, we sought to evaluate this benefit in a series of patients with GA...

..Our study identifies phosphorylated STAT5 in melanoma and shows regulation through rEGF; STAT5 may thus act as a survival factor for growth of human melanoma and may represent a potential target for molecular therapy...

..As cathelicidin LL-37 might also serve as a future treatment target potential novel treatment strategies for those diseases will be discussed...

..Based on the new insights into pathogenesis one increasingly realizes the good response of these diseases to IL-1 antagonist therapies...

..Combination therapy with keratolysis, cidofovir and water-filtered infrared coagulation (WIRA) led to complete clearance after 8 months of therapy. This dermatologic problem and the treatment of SCID including gene therapy are discussed...

..Conclusion Mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine demonstrate similar efficacy, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and safety profiles as adjuvants during treatment of pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus...

..Instead, eccrine porocarcinoma frequently occurs on the lower extremities, trunk and abdomen, but also on the head, resembling various other skin tumors, as illustrated in the patients described herein...

..coli in contrast to wild-type mice. In vitro, human S100A15 displayed antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Our findings suggest that E. coli modulates S100A15 and IL-8 expression of keratinocytes by recognition through TLR4...

..The clinical advantages of proactive therapy are fewer exacerbations, an improved quality of life and--in severe cases--lower treatment costs...

..An adolescent boy presented with isolated, symmetrical, bilateral areolar and periareolar pityriasis versicolor. This extremely rare condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of light brown patches on the areolae...

..A limited quantity of data has been published on various filling substances for the management of FLA. Here, the authors present two patients with HIV-associated FLA successfully treated with a novel HA filler over a period of 24 months...

..LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with topical corticosteroids and their proper use...