Dieter Riemann

..This dysfunction, along with attenuated functioning in a dorsal executive neural network, including frontal and prefrontal areas, might contribute to emotional and cognitive alterations and an elevated risk of developing depression...

..Studies on the combination treatment of insomnia with hypnotics and cognitive behavioural therapy up to now were not able to show a superiority of the combination treatment versus monotreatment with behavioural therapy or hypnotics...

..Finally, it is particularly important that studies be conducted to determine if successful insomnia treatment influences the clinical course of the diseases that often occur co-morbidly with sleep continuity disturbance...

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..The important issues concerning insomnia treatment in the future especially in Europe will be reviewed and discussed critically...

..As we learn more about the interplay between these pathophysiologies, we will be able to make better treatment decisions for our patients...

..Morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance imaging brain scans was used to investigate possible neuroanatomic differences between patients with primary insomnia compared to good sleepers...

..This article reviews the level of evidence, recommendations and areas of particular interest for further study and discussion arising from this workshop...

..This phenomenon may pave the way for the development of drug dependency. Further unwanted side-effects (e.g., nocturnal falls) and the question of BZ abuse and dependency will be discussed...

..This article gives an overview of the diagnostic process for insomniac disorders. Furthermore, up to date neurobiological models of insomnia are discussed...

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..Spectral analysis of sleep-EEG indicated an increased cortical excitation in FMD. We hypothesize that a hyperarousal state in FMD might contribute to sleep disturbance implicating negative effects on declarative memory consolidation...

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..Our hypothesis was that the subgroup of patients who relapsed within the 3 months to follow-up would exhibit-increased dysfunctional arousal manifested by higher-frequency (beta) EEG power during sleep...

..This REM sleep contribution was larger for PI than for GSC subjects. The findings suggest that REM sleep-related processes might contribute to subjectively disturbed sleep and the perception of waking time in patients with PI...

..Future work is needed to investigate the impact of treatment on improving sleep and memory...

..This line of research can provide valuable input relevant to teaching, learning and public health policy...

..Although sleep-related attentional bias has been shown to be evident in primary insomnia, the association with objectively measured sleep has not been investigated. In the present study, we used polysomnography (PSG) to fill this void...

..Assuming that changes of sleep architecture indicate underlying neurobiological abnormalities, this study indicates that neurobiological disturbances are different in primary OCD as compared with primary depression...

..The lack of detrimental effects of sleep restriction on cortisol levels might be due to compensation mechanisms during sleep...

..RLS has been reported to be associated with depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between RLS symptom severity, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms...

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..This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating quantitatively if insomnia constitutes a predictor of depression...

..A lower wake-to-sleep HR reduction and alterations in HRV variables might, at least partially, mediate the increased rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in insomnia patients...

..The current study addressed the question whether different extents of sleep restriction after learning would impair long-term memory consolidation in adolescents...

..The interaction between antidepressant effects of TSD and alterations of cytokines warrants further investigation...

..This may be explained by the high ability of adolescents to compensate for acute sleep loss. The correlation between non-REM sleep and declarative memory performance supports earlier findings...

..To address this issue, we performed VBM in unmedicated RLS patients...

..The extent of sleep disruption in this case of organic insomnia was similar to cases of familial fatal insomnia, but was at least partially reversible with treatment...

..This might also implicate a higher risk for inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic insomnia...

..Primary insomnia may be, at least in a part of the cases, a subclinical or subthreshold form of anxiety or depression...

..We hypothesize that particularly cognitive behavioral treatment enables OCD patients to think and act in a more flexible way that helps them to develop more effective cognitive strategies...

..Since depression is associated with abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the authors measured cortisol secretion before, during, and after therapeutic sleep deprivation for 1 night...

..Good sleep seems to be associated with high positive emotions, but not necessarily with low negative emotions. This review underlines the need for future research on emotions in insomnia...

..The findings suggest that a desensitization of sleep-related stimuli might be used therapeutically, thus extending the current cognitive behavioral treatments for primary insomnia...

..In contrast, the higher retention of declarative memories after encoding in the afternoon is surprising, appeared to be less robust and needs further investigation...

..The present study aimed at further investigating trait aspects of sleep-related cognitive arousal and general cognitive arousal and their association with both objective and subjective sleep parameters in primary insomnia patients...

..To investigate the pathomechanism of the disorder further we recorded a surface electromyogram (EMG) of the anterior tibial muscle during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with idiopathic RLS...

..To compare sleep-related consolidation of procedural memory in patients with primary insomnia and healthy controls...

..Furthermore, we studied the relationship of sleep EEG spectral power to the occurrence of periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) and arousal events...

..The pathophysiological significance of this finding is, however, still a matter of debate...

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..These effects can be interpreted as evidence for a central arousing effect of SP. Further studies should focus on the effects of substance P in patients with depressive or other psychiatric disorders...

..The findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming by showing a link between day-time symptoms and OC symptoms in dreams. Contrary to expectations, however, exposure treatment does not intensify dreams...

..Such adaptive counterregulation might also explain the alterations in slow wave sleep found in alcoholics that are even more pronounced in these patients than in patients with major depression...

..Finally, the pattern of change observed for the delta sleep ratio indicates that it may be due to secondary, adaptive effects possibly linked to the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine in depressed patients...

..We investigated objective and subjective sleep quality in adultADHD, including an electroencephalogram spectral power analysis...

..Additionally, regions-of-interest (ROI) analyses indicated significant positive associations in the left amygdala, and trends towards significance in the right amygdala and left insula...

..The results suggest a negative impact of tryptophan depletion on sleep continuity and a stimulating effect on phasic measures of REM sleep in patients with primary insomnia...

..Additionally, there was no significant correlation between the attentional bias scores from both tasks...

..Earlier findings in sleep EEG abnormalities in BPD may have been confounded by concomitant depressive symptoms...

..In the present study, we investigated the intrasubject variance of PLMS from one night to the other because a fluctuation in the number of PLMS may influence the outcome of pharmacologic and pathophysiologic studies...

..10%, despite hypnotic-like effects during the first hours of sleep, especially during the latter part of the night...

..Sleep disturbances and their sequelae are the most common complaints of patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). We compared polysomnography (PSG) findings in a large cohort of patients with idiopathic RLS and of healthy subjects...

..Although preliminary results seem to support this hypothesis, data are still too few to make valid conclusions...

..Psychometric evaluation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for primary insomnia...

..To date, larger studies with adequate sample sizes that compare sleep in adult patients with ADHD, healthy control groups and patients with other primary sleep disorders are still lacking...

..We conducted an open pilot study to evaluate the effects of magnesium treatment on the sleep of primary alcohol-dependent patients during subacute withdrawal...

..To date, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic substances in reducing PLMS in PLMD patients. Their results need to be confirmed in controlled randomized trials...

..We investigated the relationship of the occurrence of PLMS to patients' perception of sleep quality during a night of polysomnography in various sleep disorders...

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..OCD patients performed normally on the OAT but scored below controls on a task assessing visuo-spatial working memory. The results challenge the concept of the OAT as a sensitive instrument for orbitofrontal dysfunction in OCD...

..With plasma levels between 0.8 and 1.0 mmol, almost complete remission occurred. An overview on previous reports on the therapeutic effect of mood stabilizers in this rare form of bipolar disorder is presented...

..Longer sleep onset latency, reduced slow wave sleep and a REM rebound can be observed. Prospective studies are needed in order to verify whether sleep disturbances during cocaine and cannabis withdrawal predict treatment outcome...

..For patients with mania, sleep deprivation is not an adequate treatment--in contrast, treatment strategies aiming at stabilizing a regular sleep-wake schedule are indicated...

..According to clinical guidelines, dopamine agonists are the first-line treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS)...

..Results suggest a need for optimization of OCD outpatient care, especially with regard to application of treatment strategies with scientific evidence...

..By means of a specifically designed questionnaire, we conducted a survey of 21 psychotherapists trained in the method, and performed a descriptive and qualitative analysis...

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..To evaluate the effect of short-term training of general practitioners (GPs) on their diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia...

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