W Petersen

..Restoration of the function of the meniscus by suturing a tear to prevent long-term degeneration...

..In conclusion, kitesurfing is a sport with a comparably high injury rate. Preventive measures can reduce the injury rate considerably...

..We hypothesized that healing of meniscus tears in the avascular zone can be promoted by the local application of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)...

..If only one bundle of the ACL is torn, isolated AM or PL bundle reconstruction should be considered. Although potentially difficult, a careful diagnostic evaluation is necessary before ACL surgery...

..Previous studies have shown that eccentric training has a positive effect on chronic Achilles tendinopathy. A new strategy for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy is the AirHeel brace...

..Few authors have investigated the effectiveness of preventive intervention in European team handball...

..This research was undertaken to determine whether there is a need for a second tibial tunnel in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction...

..A possibility for refixation of this lesion is to use a tibial tunnel technique. An associated injury to the ACL facilitates the tunnel placement and the suture management...

..Another strategy is the local administration of a sclerosing agent (Polidocanol) to destroy neovessles. Preliminary results show that both strategies are effective in reducing vascular density and pain...

..The initial fixation strength of the hybrid technique with undersized screws is higher compared to an interference screw fixation alone. The hybrid fixation technique is an alternative for ACL graft fixation...

..We strongly recommend not using this technique for bone blocks smaller than 9 mm in diameter...

..Aperture fixation with interference screws matching the diameter of the tunnel is associated with the risk of graft laceration and graft rotation...

..Furthermore, it was hypothesized that anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction significantly reduces the internal tibial rotation under a simulated pivot shift test when compared to the ACL-deficient knee...

..The literature provides little biomechanical data about femoral fixation of hamstring grafts in posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction...

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..Due to locking plates, the bilateral use of large plates can be avoided. In specific cases such as compound fractures and for patients with low compliance, hybrid fixateurs may be an alternative...

..In ACL reconstruction restoring the AM and PL bundle separately, high medial portal drilling should be avoided. We recommend drilling of the femoral PL bundle tunnel through a low medial portal in high knee flexion...

..The aim of the present study was to evaluate the structural properties of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation with multiple fixation techniques implanted in fresh porcine knees after they had undergone load to failure...

..Biomechanical characteristics of the flexible RapidLoc are comparable to those of horizontal sutures. Clinical Relevance: Flexible all-inside meniscus repair devices are an alternative to conventional suture techniques...

..While the anteromedial bundle is the primary restraint against anterior tibial translation, the posterolateral bundle tends to stabilize the knee near full extension, particularly against rotatory loads...

..CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, posterior placement of the tunnel should be avoided...

..The type of repair depends on the time of diagnosis and localisation of the rupture. The functional outcome depends on timely repair and early initiation of knee movement and strengthening therapy...

..We hypothesized that aperture fixation of hamstring ACL reconstruction using the MegaShim technique shows comparable structural properties when compared to interference screw fixation...

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..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detrimental effects of interference screw fixation on soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction after 6 weeks and compare them with a cross-pin technique...

..Posterolateral soft-tissue reconstruction to restore knee kinematics in isolated or combined posterolateral instabilities...

..Due to the independent tibial and femoral tunnel location, a medial portal technique may be superior to a transtibial approach...

..It was hypothesized that anatomic DB ACL reconstruction restores the intact knee kinematics in ACL/LCL-deficient knees, whereas SB ACL reconstruction fails to restore the intact knee kinematics...

..We conclude that the introduced technique may be helpful in large cartilage defects combining the benefit of microfracturing and avoidance of the increased morbidity of matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation...

..Aim of this study was to test the most commonly used Achilles tendon repair techniques (Bunnell and Kessler repair) under cyclic loading conditions...

..Although the tunnel position of the femoral anteromedial bundle is well established, the effects of different posterolateral bundle positions on knee kinematics are unknown...

..Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are often associated with injuries to other structures. The role of the posteromedial structures of the knee in these injuries has received little attention...

..Revision can be necessary if the femoral tunnel is drilled transtibial in the roof of femoral notch (mismatch)...

..In part 2 the influence of graft laceration as a result of 1 single interference screw insertion on the mechanical properties of the graft was evaluated...

..The interest in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions has recently reawakened...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the operative technique on reducing the so called "killer turn" at the tibial bone tunnel exit in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction...

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..The conventional coracoclavicular ligament augmentation with a single polydioxanone loop has been shown to have some pivotal disadvantages...

..The influence of isolated deficiency of the anteromedial or posterolateral bundle of the anterior cruciate ligament on the resulting knee kinematics have not yet been reported...

..Structural properties of a 10 mm wide BPTB or quadrupled hamstring graft have been reported to be comparable with those of the native ACL...

..Our clinical experience shows that the presented technique is easy to perform and has a comparable invasiveness to recently presented arthroscopic techniques...

..Most biomechanical studies on meniscal repairs have focused on testing distraction scenarios to evaluate structural properties of the repaired meniscus. An application of shear forces might replicate the in vivo situation more closely...

..In order to investigate whether VEGF participates in early changes of OA or may even possess characteristics of a marker of OA, we developed an experimental posttraumatic OA New Zealand White rabbit animal model...

..Aim of the current study was to evaluate the structural properties of an arthroscopic refixation technique for meniscal root tears...

..Tibial eminence fractures have become more common, but the best method of fixing these fractures arthroscopically has not been elucidated...

..Another hole is drilled with the K-wire and a second pin is inserted. Finally the stability of the matrix is tested with a probe and the joint is mobilized...

..These results demonstrate that mechanical factors are involved in the regulation of VEGF expression in tendon tissue...

..Current biodegradable implants have demonstrated good clinical results without the need for implant removal. The rehabilitation protocol should be individualized to the patient, size and site of the defect...

..Further studies have to find out if growth factor combinations (VEGF and angiopoitin) might be more effective in stimulating vasculogenesis during meniscal healing...

..Therefore, problems associated with cruciate ligament reconstruction might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. If so, this is not a specific attribute of SF, but also applies to serum...

..In conclusion, awareness of uncommon complications such as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism will help the orthpaedic surgeon promptly diagnose and treat these problems...

..One of the most important angiogenic factors is the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), a glycosylated protein of 46-48 kDa composed of two disulfide-linked subunits...

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..A sheep model was used to examine the expression of the angiogenic peptide vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in autologous tendon grafts after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction...

..Preoperatively, MRI is essential when diagnosing ganglion cysts of the knee joint. An intra-articular ganglion cyst of the knee joint can be successfully treated by arthroscopy...

..However, caution is appropriate since defensins also promote fibrin formation and cell proliferation - key elements in joint infection. Clarification of the role of antimicrobial peptides in OA and RA will require further investigation...

..The Tegner activity score decreased from 4.9 (pretrauma) to 3.6 (postoperatively). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term clinical results using an all-inside meniscus repair system seem to be promising. However, a longer follow-up is needed...

..Taken together mechanically induced VEGF is involved in the destruction and endostatin in the maintenance of avascular tissues of the bone and joint system...

..The pull-out strength of the Contour Arrow was comparable to the pull-out strength reported for horizontal meniscus sutures in the literature. These biomechanical characteristics of this new implant justify clinical use...

..However, it cannot restore kinematics of the intact knee and in situ forces of the intact PCL...

..Its application may be particularly helpful in patients with poor bone quality...

..CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hamstring graft fixation using a suspension screw provides a reasonable alternative to interference screw fixation...

..CONCLUSIONS: The kinematics and in situ forces of a single-bundle PCL reconstruction using an interference screw fixation technique are superior to the primary stability of an extracortical fixation with staples...

..Cross pins provide a rigid fixation for 9 and 10 mm BPTB grafts...

..CONCLUSION: Kitesurfing can be considered a high-risk sport. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of a quick-release system that enables the surfers to detach the kite in case of an accident might aid in the prevention of injuries...

..CLINICAL RELEVANCE: From the biomechanical point of view, flexible all-inside meniscus refixation devices are an alternative to conventional suture techniques and rigid meniscus anchors...

..Taking together, these findings indicate that VEGF is induced in chondrocytes by mechanical overload and mediates destructive processes in osteoarthritis as an autocrine factor...

..5) N with a mean stiffness of 168 (+/- 42) N/mm. CONCLUSIONS: Fixation of a BPTB graft with 2 biodegradable 2.7-mm pins (Rigid Fix) leads to primary stability that is comparable to fixation with biodegradable interference screws...

..Clinical Relevance: Hamstring graft fixation using two cross pins provides an alternative to bioabsorbable interference screw fixation...

..The aim of this study is to examine the structure and vascularization of the acetabular labrum with regard to the pathogenesis and healing of labral tears...

..All arthroscopic surgeons should do a complete diagnostic examination of the affected joint in case of a foreign-body injury...

..VEGF may be involved in the healing process of chronic skin lesions, but it seems that loss of another factor may be responsible for the poor healing response...

..VEGF plays the most important role during the early phase of fracture healing, but VEGF concentrations decrease further after day 5...

..These findings support the view that the development of avascular zones in tendons might be caused by a mechanically induced downreglation of VEGF expression...

..These are the most typical areas for tendon degeneration and rupture...

..The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue of the gliding zone of the tibialis posterior tendon to gain further knowledge about possible structural causes for spontaneous tendon rupture...

..The results of our study suggest that the splice forms VEGF121 and VEGF165 and the receptors KDR and FLT-1 of the known angiogenetic peptide VEGF play a role in process of endochondral ossification...