Hans Jurgen Moller

..g. negative symptoms will have a chance in the future development...

..This article will highlight some of the results of this systematic review and discuss the limitations and the impact of this important approach on the above mentioned debate...

..Although EBM might have increased empirically driven rational decision-making in psychiatry/medicine, the current limitations should be carefully considered...

..The ideal that all steps of clinical decision-making can be based on the strict rules of evidence-based medicine is far away from reality. Clinical experience so far still has a great impact...

..ratio scale) leads to a set of mathematical problems, potentially resulting in erroneous results concerning the efficacy of the treatment...

..Although compliance losses following generic substitution have not been quantified so far, one can estimate the possible health-economic consequences. The current study aims to do so by considering the case of risperidone in Germany...

..The main conclusions of these trials will be questioned on the basis of their severe methodological pitfalls...

..Besides treatment with antidepressants, modern neuroleptics are of great importance in this context as they are more efficacious than classical neuroleptics in treating depressive symptoms...

..The first depot formulation of an atypical neuroleptic appears to be a further positive step to improve the possibilities of an optimal long-term treatment for schizophrenia...

..Individualised decision making is so complex that the rigorous expectations of evidence-based medicine can hardly be fulfilled. Finally, it should be considered that clinical decision making is not only evidence but also value oriented...

..The following review gives an overview of the huge clinical database available for risperidone in the field of schizophrenia...

..One disadvantage of atypical agents has been that they are only available in an oral form. The recent development of a long-acting injectable formulation of risperidone means that a new treatment option is available to physicians...

..Therefore it might be premature to leave the Kraepelinian dichotomy totally although it has to be modified in the light of new research...

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..Therefore, it seems to be timely and necessary to review the principle standards and problems concerning the proof of efficacy in clinical psychopharmacology...

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..This applies particularly when the therapeutic aim is complete relief from symptoms, not merely response. This article presents an overview of the definitions and epidemiologic, predictive, and therapeutic aspects of the problem...

..They are widely used, specifically for pragmatic reasons...

..g. in the direction of a purely symptomatical/dimensional systematic, or a totally new classification based on modern new biological findings, might be problematic and premature...

..It is the major problem facing efforts to identify the possible 'suicidal effects' of antidepressants...

..The positive results from some studies in bipolar depression are especially impressive and underline the antidepressive potencies of novel antipsychotics beyond the spectrum of schizophrenia...

..Direct initiation of RLAI was effective and well tolerated. RLAI provides an advancement in the treatment options available for a wide range of patients requiring long-term antipsychotic therapy...

..The present article the extent to which this particular action mechanism results in an improved clinical efficacy and tolerability profile of the SSNRIs, in particular in comparison with SSRIs...

..This might be especially true for direct antidepressive effects, i. e. antidepressive effects that are not mediated by the reduction of positive symptoms...

..In addition the regulatory requirements for licensing a drug for the indication "short-term treatment of bipolar depression" are described...

..Finally the current situation of the international standardisation of psychiatric classification and particuarly the improvement of reliability by using operationalised procedures is discussed...

..The SSRIs seem to have a certain place in the treatment of negative symptoms. Anticonvulsants, oestrogens and glutamatergic drugs can currently only be seen as experimental drugs and require further empirical evaluation...

..Risperidone has better extrapyramidal tolerability and treatment retention rate than the equivalent dose of haloperidol in these patients...

..Long-acting risperidone (LAR), the first long-acting injectable atypical anti-psychotic, has been found to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder...

..Especially from these derived effect sizes should be interpreted carefully...

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..Even in times of evidence based medicine, a large part of complex clinical decision making in psychopharmacotherapy still relies more on a consensus about clinical experience and traditions than on relevant empirical databases...

..This article reviews the definitions and classification of negative symptoms, compares the tools available for their assessment, and offers practical clinical algorithms for sorting through the differential diagnosis...

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..A shortened version of the MADRS (sv-MADRS) was therefore developed for use in such situations. The object of this study was to demonstrate indirectly that the sv-MADRS corresponds adequately with the standard MADRS...

..An open, multi-centre study was designed to address the effectiveness and tolerability profile of treatment with escitalopram under naturalistic conditions, in elderly outpatients (above 65 years of age) with depression...

..The Strauss-Carpenter Scale, male gender as well as several psychopathological syndromes are the most relevant predictors for chronicity...

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..An open, multi-center, study was designed to address the efficacy and tolerability profile of treatment with escitalopram under naturalistic conditions in outpatients with depression...

..Therefore, it represents an unmet need to come up with antidepressant drugs of greater efficacy and improved tolerability as such treatments could lead to more complete remission in more patients...

..Due to these methodological problems, effectiveness studies are on a principally lower level of evidence, adding only a complementary view to the results of phase III trials without falsifying their results...

..However, they should take into account potential risks and manage them by good clinical practice...

..In conclusion, efficacy was maintained without compromising safety/tolerability when switching patients with stable schizophrenia from twice-daily quetiapine IR to once-daily quetiapine XR (400-800 mg/day)...

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..Several studies have found reciprocal interactions between the serotonergic system and both brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutamate, which are known to modulate or affect hippocampal morphologic characteristics...

..0113) were found to be significantly predictive of recovery. Our results underline the need to implement more specific treatment strategies to improve long-term outcome...

..Relapse and its predictors were examined among patients with schizophrenia in the year after hospital discharge...

..Accordingly, the hypothesis of whether 1-year relapse rate in first-episode schizophrenia under maintenance treatment with risperidone is lower compared to haloperidol in low dose was tested...

..Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates hippocampal plasticity, which is believed to be altered in patients with major depression...

..To examine quality of life and subjective well-being as predictors of symptomatic treatment outcome...

..Thus, these data might further help in detecting differential therapy response in individuals with schizophrenia...

..The current study was therefore designed to compare prospectively the relapse preventive efficacy of further maintenance treatment and targeted intermittent treatment in patients with ICD-10-diagnosed first-episode schizophrenia...

..The aim of this study was to compare the functional connectivity of the OFC during emotion processing in patients with major depression and healthy control subjects...

..Therefore, the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are predictive of a favorable treatment response was not supported by the present study...

..To evaluate depressive symptoms regarding their association with the acute outcome in first-episode schizophrenia comparing risperidone and haloperidol...

..In addition, while right hemisphere ACC volumes significantly differ between schizophrenia subgroups, combining measures of event-related potential (ERP) and ACC volumetry does not add additional information...

..The activation differences between groups may be compensatory mechanisms within the MCI group for the effects of the putative AD neuropathology. This has been the first study that has examined verbal working memory in MCI...

..Memory deficits were associated with the onset of psychotic symptoms indicating further disease progression in the trajectory to psychosis and, thus, may be useful in predicting psychosis and targeting early intervention...

..To investigate the association of early improvement and treatment emergent suicidal ideation in a large sample (N=705) of naturalistically treated inpatients with major depressive disorder...

..In this prospective matched case-control study, hand movement analysis was conducted using a digitizing tablet (kinematical analysis)...

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..marker as an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia, this is the main question of our investigation: Is the early eGBR decreased regarding evoked power and phase locking in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia?..

..Also, the improvements in cognition following treatment with quetiapine and risperidone may enhance long-term outcomes for these patients...

..Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme involved in catecholamine inactivation. In this study, we examined the influence of a functional COMT (V158M) polymorphism on suicidal behavior and anger-related traits...

..The present study applied the symptom-severity component of these criteria to a sample of inpatients in order to determine the rates of remission during inpatient treatment and to explore predictors of remission...

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..To date, it is unknown whether these dynamic brain changes can be predicted at the single-subject level prior to disease transition using MRI-based machine-learning techniques...

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..There is controversy as to whether atypical manic features such as aggression, psychosis, and depression are likely to coexist among manic patients. The authors' goal was to examine this controversy...

..Further analysis are needed to confirm these results...

..In conclusion, our study suggests that TACR1 gene variants have no major influence on suicidal behavior but may modulate aggression features...

..We aimed to investigate whether reduced hippocampal volumes correlate with executive dysfunctioning or memory dysfunctioning or with depression severity...

..Of those who ultimately achieved response more than 40% did so within the first 2weeks. An individualized naturalistic inpatient treatment approach appears to be beneficial in terms of effectiveness...

..In conclusion, our study does not support the hypothesis that estrogen receptor alpha gene variants are major contributors to suicide or to anger- or aggression-related behaviors...

..power and phase-locking in schizophrenic patients?; and 2) Is this possible decrease a result of reduced activity in the auditory cortex and/or the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which were identified as sources of the GBR previously?..

..These findings are in line with a top-down influence of dACC-activity to the auditory association area 22 during the early evoked GBR...

..Moreover, this study provides further evidence for regional differences in the response of GABAergic interneurons to NMDA receptor antagonism and antipsychotic treatment...

..Results of experimental studies suggest that neuroplastic changes may occur during depressive episodes. These effects have not been confirmed in patients with depression, to our knowledge...

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..Recently, machine learning algorithms have been successfully used for magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic classification of neuropsychiatric patient populations...

..The most widely studied genetic variations in the TPH gene, which are located in intron 7, yielded conflicting results in individual studies on suicide-related behavior...

..These results suggest that the loudness dependence of primary auditory cortex evoked activity is well suitable to assess serotonergic dysfunction in schizophrenia...

..In conclusion, treatment in first episode schizophrenia is effective under both (further on blinded) neuroleptics; however these patients are at high risk for treatment drop-out. This emphasizes the need for a special support program...

..To examine influencing variables of neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia and to predict cognition during antipsychotic treatment...

..Furthermore, the efficacy of algorithm-guided treatment versus treatment as usual in patients with anxious versus nonanxious depression was evaluated...

..The SNAP-25 genotype may modulate synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in the left hippocampus, and altered NAA/Cho ratio may be an indicator for this genetic modulation of neuronal function in the hippocampus...

..Furthermore, quetiapine produced a significantly greater improvement in reaction quality/attention than olanzapine...

..The aim of our analysis was to investigate potential changes of white matter in schizophrenic patients compared to controls, and the relationship to clinical characteristics...

..These results confirm assumptions that the current division between depression and anxiety might be debatable. Validity of screeners tested in our study was not affected by comorbid conditions (e.g., anxiety or somatoform disorders)...

..People in a putatively late prodromal state not only have an enhanced risk for psychosis but already suffer from mental and functional disturbances...

..To examine the predictive validity of early improvement in a naturalistic sample of inpatients and to identify the criterion that best defines early improvement...

..They deal primarily with biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy)...

..In conclusion, reduced maximal area of ALIC, which can be interpreted as a disturbance of fronto-thalamic connectivity, is associated with poor outcome during the 1 year course of first-episode schizophrenia...

..9 % polymorphic allele). Moreover, we did not find any association between genotype and psychopathology, as measured by PANSS. The different results between these two studies may be due to ethnic differences...

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..Preliminary evidence suggests that the polarity of relapse/recurrence (depressive vs. hypomanic/manic/mixed) in bipolar patients on lithium might be related to serum lithium levels...

..However, the results are in line with previous data suggesting an association between the MAOA locus and regulation of complex human behavior...

..Our findings are in agreement with earlier behavioral data, which show deficits in self-initiated movements in catatonic patients but no impairment of externally triggered movements...

..Pharmacogenetic influences on therapeutic response to neuroleptic treatment are poorly understood. This study investigates the association of response to short-term haloperidol treatment with a Taq I polymorphism in the DRD2 gene...

..We conclude that plasma and CSF levels of sIL-6R are significantly increased in AD patients and that the magnitude of increase is determined by the IL-6 genotype...