I Mühlhauser

..the impact of fall risk assessment tools on clinical endpoints is unknown...

..Detailed methodological procedures for the development, appraisal and synthesis of complex interventions are increasingly discussed internationally...

..Education to cope with these roles might be useful. We investigated the feasibility, acceptability and possible impact of EBM training courses for patient and consumer representatives...

..In medical teaching the 2 x 2 table is widely used as a visual help for computations whereas in psychology the frequency tree is favoured. We assumed that the 2 x 2 table is more suitable to support computations of predictive values...

..We developed an evidence-based guidance on this topic. The present study evaluates the clinical efficacy and safety of an intervention programme based on this guidance aimed to reduce physical restraints and minimise centre variations...

..Other measures are fall related injuries, hospital admissions and consultations with a physician, and costs...

..Rarely is such information provided or even available. Non-participation is an explicit option for most preventive programmes and must not be penalised...

..However, high-quality evidence-based information on breast cancer screening and colorectal cancer screening is available in Germany...

..Critical health literacy which combines the concept of evidence-based medicine and health literacy should be integrated into existing school curricula...

..The present survey explores the extent to which different formats of presenting study results may influence diabetes healthcare professionals' perceptions of the importance of intervention effects on diabetes risk...

..In conclusion, the quality of the healthcare information provided by Wikipedia and two major German statutory health insurances is comparable. They do not meet important criteria of evidence-based patient and consumer information though...

..This survey examines to what extent overestimation of diabetes prevention is related to overestimation of prevention of late complications...

..In order to avoid framing of data equal emphasis has to be put on the proportion of persons who are likely to benefit and those who are unlikely to benefit or likely to be harmed...

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..To study the prognosis of persons with type 1 diabetes in relation to the degree of nephropathy at initiation of intensified insulin therapy...

..To assess predictors of mortality and end-stage diabetic complications in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus on intensified insulin therapy...

..In order to avoid framing of data equal emphasis is put on the proportion of persons who are likely to benefit and those who are unlikely to benefit or likely to be harmed...

..We present ways of how this might be achieved using data provided by the UKPDS. The concept of patient participation in medical decision making represents a fundamental challenge for the future development of diabetes care...

..Study fact-sheets and drug facts boxes should be included in practice guidelines. It is timely to consider patient needs from the outset of the development of future guidelines...

..To compare causes of death assessed by a clinical review committee, the information given on death certificates, and ICD-codes provided by the State Documentation Office in deceased persons with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus...

..Since this evidence cannot be readily extracted from databases we suggest that other research groups present their data in a similar way...

..There is also an increasing number of examples on surrogate end point fallacies related to non-drug interventions (psychological, nursing, educational, social policy)...

..To evaluate the effects of an evidence-based patient decision aid (DA) on multiple sclerosis (MS) immunotherapy...

..To validate a diabetes-specific quality-of-life scale and to assess its psychometric properties in a large sample of patients with type 1 diabetes...

..Oral corticosteroids administered by physicians or patients themselves or no corticosteroids also appear justifiable...

..The core module is designed to enable patients to process scientific uncertainty without adverse effects. It considers existing standards for risk communication and presentation of data...

..Critical health literacy should evolve early in school and can later on enhance usefulness of EBPI for people concerned with health issues...

..We performed a pilot study to test whether the inclusion of a short EBM module into the standard graduate programme is feasible and leads to a meaningful increase in knowledge and skills...

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..Since these are complex and heterogeneous interventions, consideration of aggregated evidence is necessary...

..In conclusion, presently available information brochures in Germany do not allow informed decision-making by consumers...

..However, it appears that GCS are not frequently used. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the customary use of GCS in surgical settings in the City of Hamburg, Germany, and to present evidence on the effectiveness of GCS...

..Results in early 2007 will show to which extent patient education with a focus on evidence-based patient information influences participation in the decision making process...

..Overweight and obesity are generally thought to elevate morbidity and mortality. New data call this supposed association into question...

..To assess predictors of hip-protector use in nursing home residents under usual-care conditions and after intervention consisting of structured education of nurses and nursing home residents and provision of free hip protectors...

..In conclusion the CHC instrument is a feasible, reliable and valid instrument to measure critical health literacy. The generalizability of the instrument is to be explored in ongoing studies in different educational settings...

..To survey quality criteria for evidence-based patient information (EBPI) and to compile the evidence for the identified criteria...

..The aim of this study was to develop and pilot test a curriculum of critical health literacy for secondary school students...

..The presentation of information should be clear and consider risk communication as a source of framing of data. Patients should be involved in the process of development and evaluation...

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..To evaluate prerequisite factors for this kind of decision making we studied patients' decisional role preferences in medical decision making, knowledge on risks, information interests and the relations between these factors in MS...

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..To assess the cost-efficacy of an intervention program aimed at reducing hip fractures...

..We explored the feasibility of identifying such information with conventional database search strategies. Our study was conducted only in the field of diabetes care...

..The new tool is a reliable and valid measure of fear of falling in nursing home residents. However, generalizability and applicability are limited by the small proportion of subjects able to complete the tests...

..The British General Medical Council (GMC) has published ethical guidelines on seeking patients' consent for medical interventions, formulating topics of information patients need in order to make an informed treatment decision...

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..Uncritical use may lead to substantial under- or overestimation of individual cardiovascular risk and inappropriate treatment decisions...