W Loscher

..e. LU 97175, LU 115455 and LU 136541, exerted potent anticonvulsant effects without inducing motor impairment in the rotarod test. This combination of actions is thought to be a prerequisite for selective anticonvulsant drug action...

..By the experimental observations summarized in this review, most clinical effects of valproate can be explained, although much remains to be learned at a number of different levels of valproate's mechanisms of action...

..Furthermore, the data substantiate that the choice of adequate controls is critical in neurochemical and functional studies on the kindling phenomenon...

..The data thus suggest that selective MAO-A inhibitors such as esuprone may be an interesting new approach for the treatment of epilepsy...

..Furthermore, the present data add to the accumulating evidence that endogenous circannual rhythms should be considered during animal experiments under controlled laboratory conditions...

..In view of the short half-life of L-deprenyl, these reversible effects can only be maintained during chronic treatment when the drug is given continuously such as via implanted minipumps...

..The data of this study substantiate that phenytoin nonresponders are a unique model for the search of new AEDs with improved efficacy in refractory partial epilepsy...

..The present results substantiate that kindled subgroups of Wistar rats with different response to phenytoin are a valuable source for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of pharmaco-resistant limbic seizures...

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..To evaluate the possible effect of the season, experiments in group 1 were started in autumn, and experiments in group 2 in spring...

..To study whether the efficacy of the drug changes during chronic treatment, we evaluated the anticonvulsant activity of LEV during prolonged daily administration in amygdala-kindled rats...

..The data suggest that the difference between phenytoin responders and non-responders is not due to experimental factors, but may rather be genetically determined...

..The GABApotentiating activity of gabapentin could explain the antidystonic effects of low doses, while the loss of efficacy at higher doses may be due to other mechanisms of gabapentin...

..25-5 mg/kg or CGP 40116 1.25 mg/kg combined with eliprodil 10 mg/kg. These data suggest that combination therapy with antagonists at the polyamine and glycine sites might potentially treat therapy-resistant complex partial seizures...

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..The low reproductive success of the kindled and phenytoin-treated rats made it impossible to achieve a strain of phenytoin non-responders...

..Nevertheless, this type of stimulation cannot be used to produce minimal electroshock seizures and seems not to be useful to produce kindling in rats and mice...

..The data demonstrate that extended kindling does not cause any hippocampal damage resembling hippocampal sclerosis, but that SRS develop in the absence of such damage...

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..As the described differences have a genetic basis, they offer a unique opportunity to identify the genes and pathways involved and contribute to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of seizure susceptibility...

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..E. is an effective means to reduce the damage produced by a sustained S.E. in several brain regions, including the hippocampus, but show that this partial neuroprotection of the limbic system does not prevent the development of epilepsy...

..abstract truncated at 250 words)..

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..These differences in anatomical connectivity between PC subregions may be involved in the differences in seizure susceptibility observed in the present and previous studies...

..Thus, olfactory stimulation could contribute to anticonvulsant therapy...

..Tentatively, activity-dependent GABA-mediated excitation caused by chronic treatment with phenobarbital may be important for the prodystonic effects under pathological conditions in dt(sz) hamsters...

..The finding that MK-801 counteracts both Pgp overexpression and neuronal damage when administered after SE may offer a clinically useful therapeutic option in patients with refractory SE...

..The data substantiate previous findings of altered basal ganglia function in ci2 rats. The abnormal basal ganglia output activity, i.e. of the SNr, is likely to contribute to the complex behavioral disturbances seen in ci2 rats...

..The data indicate that spontaneous paroxysmal circling behavior in the ci2 rat is not a consequence of epilepsy but reflects a hyperkinetic movement disorder with abnormal lateralization of brain function...

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..In view of recent findings, we assume that GABAergic dysfunctions in dystonic hamsters are of regionally different extent...

..In addition to increasing our understanding of the pathophysiology of idiopathic dystonia, animal models may help to improve therapeutic strategies for this movement disorder...

..Although the observed changes of neural activity in the RN are probably based on a primary dysfunction in related structures, the present data demonstrate its importance in the expression of dystonic movements...

..Apart from the use of ci3 rats for studying the functional lateralization of brain functions, the ci3 mutant may serve as a new model for movement disorders with abnormal lateralization...

..The data indicate that, in contrast to flurothyl seizures, in kindled rats the anterior pars reticulata of the substantia nigra is not a site at which muscimol causes robust anticonvulsant effects...

..The antidystonic activity of piracetam and levetiracetam was not associated with any behavioral side effects. The data indicate that piracetam and levetiracetam are interesting novel treatments for idiopathic dystonia...

..Peripheral side effects may limit the clinical use of NO synthase inhibitors, but more selective inhibitors of the neuronal NO synthase should be considered as interesting candidates for the treatment of paroxysmal dystonia...

..Overall, it was felt that the current preclinical strategies for the discovery and development of new AEDs have to be redefined in order to identify agents that are clearly superior to current medications...

..The present study demonstrates that systemic treatment of lithium-pretreated rats with several low doses of pilocarpine efficiently produces SE and chronic epilepsy with much lower mortality rates than single-dose pilocarpine...

..The data substantiate the particular susceptibility of the central PC to seizure-induced plasticity and indicate that this brain region provides an interesting tool to study the regulation of GAD isoenzymes...

..5-HT2 antagonists, such as ketanserin or ritanserin, are capable of counteracting the fatality of this syndrome...

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..The data indicate that both PGP and MRP participate in the regulation of extracellular brain concentrations of the major AED carbamazepine...

..The data indicate that MRP critically participates in the regulation of extracellular brain concentrations of the major antiepileptic drug phenytoin...

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