M J Hilz

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..This study was undertaken to assess baroreflex-mediated vagal and sympathetic cardiovascular control of the heart and blood vessels in ALS patients...

..Peripheral neuropathy in Fabry disease predominantly involves small nerve fibers. Recently, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A has become available...

..Painful stimuli reveal no signs of discomfort...

..Cerebral autoregulation was assessed by transcranial Doppler sonography in 10 patients with familial dysautonomia and 10 age matched controls...

..Thus, TLE surgery might contribute to reducing the risk of SUDEP...

..Other therapeutic options include mechanical aids, surgery, hormone replacement or sublingual apomorphine. Since 1998, Sildenafil, an effective, simple and safe oral treatment, has been available...

..In this review article, we focus on standard tests that allow evaluation of cardiovascular and sudomotor autonomic functions and describe methods of quantitative assessment that are better suited for research...

..Most importantly, we demonstrate an impaired baroreflex function in TLE. These cardiovascular autonomic abnormalities may contribute to cardiac arrhythmia in TLE...

..Pharmacological testing and "neck chamber" negative pressure stimulation of the receptors are as useful as the non-invasive computerized analysis of the interaction of spontaneous blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations...

..Direct, intraoperative measurements of vessel diameter confirm this conclusion...

..To evaluate the impact of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on heart rate and blood pressure (BP) modulation in epilepsy patients...

..The results suggest a higher vulnerability of small-diameter nerve fibers than of the thickly myelinated fibers...

..Enhanced blood pressure responses to neck suction during higher levels of LBNP are not necessarily the result of a reflex interaction but may serve to protect the circulation from fluctuations in blood pressure while standing...

..The aim of this study was to assess baroreflex regulation of the heart rate and blood vessels in migraine patients in comparison with healthy controls...

..Analogous to neuropathic ulcers in diabetes, the CVI-associated neuropathy may also be a cofactor in the development of venous ulcers...

..CONCLUSIONS: Stable gain and phase values suggest that EECP does not compromise CA and, therefore, does not seem to bear cerebrovascular risks...

..Tachyarrhythmias are common during epileptic seizures while bradyarrhythmias or asystoles are less frequent. Ictal asystole might be related to epilepsy-induced cardiac sympathetic denervation...

..e. altered cerebral regulation, in the patients, and is therefore suited to identifying subtle impairment of cerebral regulation in these patients...

..This might explain excessive episodic hyperhidrosis in situations with increased central sympathetic outflow...

..CONCLUSIONS: In familial dysautonomia, clonidine augments baroreflex sensitivity and parasympathetic modulation. The resulting cardiovascular stabilization might attenuate feeding-induced crises...

..CPT assesses sympathetic cardiovascular responses independently from baroreflex function, which is compromised in FD...

..To evaluate whether subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation has an effect on the orthostatic regulation of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), we studied cardiovascular regulation during on and off phases of STN stimulation...

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in diabetic patients using a simple method that could easily be applied to the clinical routine screening of diabetic patients...

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..In epilepsy patients, unilateral electrical activity might derange autonomic balance between both hemispheres and contribute to cardiovascular dysregulation and sudden fatalities...

..Sympathetic activation in the upright position seems to blunt baroreflexes, leading to similar HR responses in spite of larger changes in BP...

..The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ageing on baroreflex control of the heart and blood vessels...

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..In such patients, only histology may lead to definitive diagnosis...

..In patients with familial dysautonomia (FD), prominent orthostatic hypotension (OH) endangers cerebral perfusion. Supine repositioning or abdominal compression improves systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BPsys and BPdia)...

..The resulting vasoconstriction would allow maintenance of normal baseline CBFV in spite of chronic recumbent hypertension...

..Because of an overlap with physiological findings, they have to be interpreted cautiously, with the exception of hyperintense signals at the subcortical precentral gyrus...

..42 +/- 0.46 ln ms2) than in the diabetics (1.58 +/- 0.44 ln ms2). CONCLUSION: In addition to cardiovagal dysfunction, baroreflex-mediated sympathetic modulation of the blood vessels is impaired in type II diabetic patients...

..However, there are few data on cardiovascular autonomic function in post-acute stroke patients...

..Some tests even suggested neuropathy more often in diabetic than in neuropathic ED. The findings support the hypothesis that neuropathy contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of ED in diabetes mellitus...

..MIBG-SPECT demonstrates altered post-ganglionic cardiac sympathetic innervation. This dysfunction might carry an increased risk of cardiac abnormalities...

..Therefore, assessment of stimulated mucosal blood flow appears to be a promising tool to investigate the pathophysiology of a number of neurologic symptoms, eg, the burning mouth syndrome...

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..Flare size, but not laser Doppler flux, clearly distinguished patients from controls at both locations (p < 0.01) and may be useful for evaluation of small-fiber neuropathies...

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..This may be one mechanism contributing to the major hypertension that frequently occurs during "dysautonomic crises" in FD...

..CONCLUSIONS: Effective methods for measuring neurological involvement in patients with Fabry disease have been developed. These methods will be valuable in assessing the response of patients to enzyme replacement therapy...

..This study was performed to assess acute effects of EECP on superficial skin blood flow, transdermal oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures...

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..If the etiology of the polyneuropathy is revealed specific therapy can be started. Furthermore, polyneuropathic symptoms can be ameliorated independently of the underlying cause...

..In addition, the assessment of heart rate variability at rest, during metronomic breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and active standing might be helpful to identify an autonomic neuropathy as the cause of erectile dysfunction...

..05). The non-invasive technique of IPM demonstrates dysfunction not only of the cranial parasympathetic, but also of the cranial sympathetic nervous system and, thus, further characterizes autonomic dysfunction in FD...

..24, df = 2.58/27, p < 0.001). These results confirm the right hemispheric lateralisation of sympathetic cardiac control in male patients...

..Their specificity and clinical relevance have to be clarified further...

..We investigated the relationship between ICH radiopacity on CT as a marker of hematoma iron content and perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) after ICH...

..This is the first report on Q fever related mononeuritis multiplex. Prolonged antibiotic treatment may be required to prevent relapsing infection from the resistant bacterium...

..The efficacy of various other medications, e.g. sildenafil, L-arginine, yohimbine, phentolamine, apomorphine and prostaglandin E1, in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction is still under investigation...

..This is supported by the fact that there is a growing body of literature on HCV-induced cerebral dysfunction and laboratory findings indicating HCV neuroinvasion...

..This novel approach may form an alternative or supplemental tool in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension, specially for patients with a high supine blood pressure...

..The paradoxical sympathetic disinhibition in VMPFC-R patients may increase their risk of sympathetic hyperexcitability with negative consequences such as anxiety, hypertension or cardiac arrhythmias...

..Suitability and effectiveness of a specific countermaneuver depends on the orthopedic or neurological complications of each FD patient and must be individually tested before a therapeutic recommendation can be given...

..These findings suggest that the functional abnormalities in diabetic peripheral neuropathy are not homogeneous and that C-fiber subclasses are differentially affected in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus...

..Finally, we discuss microneurography as a technique of direct recording of muscle sympathetic nerve activity...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis of a primary sinus node abnormality in a subset of patients with POTS. The ability to identify patients with primary sinus node abnormality may have important therapeutic implications...

..This may be due, in part, to a preserved myogenic response to increased vascular pressure in the dependent vascular beds...

..Furthermore, assessment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular parameters during LBNP may provide a useful clinical test of cerebral autoregulation...

..Both the reduced limb perfusion and the dysfunctional end-organ blood supply in FD patients are likely to be major contributors to the vasomotor instability observed in these subjects, particularly during periods of stress...

..However, responses of the cerebral blood flow have not yet been evaluated. We undertook this study to assess the effect of cold face stimulation on the cerebral circulation in humans...

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..The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ergometer stress on cerebrovascular haemodynamics in elderly healthy individuals in comparison with young healthy individuals, using non-invasive methods...

..These findings may reflect intrinsic cardiac electrophysiologic abnormalities or may be secondary due to abnormalities of cardiac autonomic innervation...

..Furthermore, this effect seems to be more pronounced at higher frequencies of oscillatory stress...

..Both findings are possible risk factors for sudden unexplained death and might be relevant for risk stratification in epilepsy patients...

..CA seems to compensate for the hemodynamic effects and increasing CO2 levels during exercise...

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..The enhanced cerebrovascular stability after surgery may improve autonomic balance in epilepsy patients...

..Although there is evidence of vasomotor dysregulation with decreased peripheral and ocular blood flow, cerebral autoregulation (CA) has not yet been evaluated. The aim of our study was to assess dynamic CA in patients with NPG and POAG...

..27+/-0.29 ln ms(2)). These results indicate that in MS patients, baroreflex dysfunction is not only restricted to the cardiovagal limb of the baroreflex, but that the sympathetic modulation of the blood vessels is also affected...

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..The findings suggest that prostanoids do not contribute significantly to basal CuBF or endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the forearm microcirculation. In contrast, prostanoids are mediators of the ACh-provoked axon reflex...

..Replacement or definitive therapies are not available for any of the disorders so that treatment remains supportive and directed toward specific symptoms...

..Decreased SP and CGRP-ir nerves suggest that the FD gene mutation causes secondary neurotransmitter depletions. Empty Schwann cell sheaths and VIP-ir nerves suggest active denervation and regeneration...