C Hafner

..Investigation of the entire urothelial lining in patients with urothelial tumors should provide further insight into the development of multifocal urothelial carcinomas...

..This finding together with our observation that the PI3K/AKT pathway is activated in the majority of human MCCs identifies PI3K/AKT as a potential new therapeutic target for MCC patients...

..CONCLUSION: The SNaPshot assay described here offers a fast, sensitive, inexpensive and specific approach to the analysis of frequent PIK3CA mutations in both fresh and archival patient samples...

..Epidermal nevi (EN) represent benign congenital skin lesions following the lines of Blaschko. They result from genetic mosaicism, and activating FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations have been implicated...

..Our report indicates that the therapeutically induced disappearance of the plasma cells was due to indirect T-cell-mediated effects...

..Further studies are required to provide insights in the pathogenesis of benign skin tumors caused by FGFR3 mutations. These studies will add to new non-invasive therapeutical strategies for benign acanthotic skin tumors in dermatology...

..Each patient showed at least four different mutated loci. FGFR3 mutations appear to be common genetic alterations in multiple SK with a varying interindividual mutation frequency but without specific intraindividual hot spots...

..The report by Hernandez et al. strongly supports this concept. However, further studies are required for a better pathogenetic understanding of FGFR3 related tumors in urothelium and skin...

..Increased age appears to be a risk factor for these mutations. The preferential occurrence of FGFR3 mutations in seborrheic keratoses of the head and neck suggests a causative role for cumulative lifetime ultraviolet light exposure...

..The genetic basis of this rare appendageal tumor remains elusive...

..The Q-switched Ruby laser (QSRL) is used for the treatment of pigmented lesions. The influence of QSRL treatment on gene expression of nontransformed primary melanocytes has not been addressed in vitro...

..For this peculiar disorder, we propose the term 'nevus marginatus'. So far it is not clear whether nevus marginatus represents a distinct entity or merely an unusual clinical variant of nevus sebaceus...

..We present a German family with at least seven affected members in two generations and occurrence of high numbers of SKs at an unusually young age, suggesting a hereditary background...

..In the last years new molecular genetic insights into seborrheic keratoses have been gained. The current knowledge about seborrheic keratosis with respect to epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy is summarized...

..It has been proposed that SL may subsequently evolve into adenoid seborrhoeic keratosis (SK). However, little is known about the genetic basis of SL. In human SK, FGFR3 and PIK3CA mutations have recently been identified...

..The results favour an independent origin of the basal cell carcinoma, although a possible clonal relationship between both lesions cannot be completely excluded on the basis of the molecular genetic findings...

..In the following article, the current knowledge about epidemiology, biology, immunology, clinical appearance, diagnostic procedures and therapy of scabies is reviewed...

..Stucco keratosis (STK) and dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) are referred to as variants of seborrhoeic keratosis. However, the genetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of these benign tumours are unknown...

..Our results suggest that an increased cell number at confluence along with a decreased apoptosis may contribute to the development of acanthotic tumors in FGFR3 mutant skin in vivo...

..PIK3CA and AKT1 hotspot mutations are obviously not caused by UV light exposure, the main risk factor in non-melanoma skin cancer...

..EphA1 represents a new potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in nonmelanoma skin cancer...

..The R248C mutation appears to be a hot spot for FGFR3 mutations in epidermal nevi...

..The clinical and microbiological characteristics of this patient as well as therapeutical and epidemiological aspects of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) are discussed...

..The mechanism for the high rate of somatic FGFR3 mutations in these benign skin tumors remains elusive, but UV light exposure may play a potential role, especially in the R248C mutations...

..Our results indicate that an increased cell number at confluence along with reduced apoptosis may contribute to the growth of benign acanthotic tumors in the human epidermis...

..Patients who have previously had dengue fever and retained non-neutralizing heterotypic antibodies are more likely to develop this complication via the phenomenon of antibody-dependent enhancement...

..3. Molecular genetic analysis clearly demonstrated different genetic alterations of the two BCCs and therefore most likely excludes a mechanism of implantation metastasis...

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..CONCLUSION: The suggested antiangiogenic strategy has the potential to become a cheap, practical, feasible alternative treatment for endemic KS, particularly suitable for the outpatient setting...

..Intraluminal tumor cell seeding appears to be an important mechanism of multifocal occurrence and recurrence of urothelial carcinomas...

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..Expression patterns of marker genes defined in unequivocal histopathologic entities may improve the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of difficult melanocytic lesions, which is still the hardest problem in dermatopathology...

..We conclude that the evaluation of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein in melanocytic tumors could become a helpful adjunct in clinicopathological routine...

..We conclude that ephrin-B2 can act as a major modulator of cell migration and matrix interactions of MM cells, which possibly contributes to the expansion and metastatic spread of MM in vivo...

..Since a direct interaction of RBP2-H1 and pRb seems possible, the loss of RBP2-H1 may possibly contribute to uncontrolled growth in malignant melanomas...

..Both rapamycin and celecoxib represent promising drugs for the palliative therapy of metastasised malignant melanoma and should be considered for future trials...

..However, the genetic basis of BLK is unknown...

..Eruptive Spitz naevi have been reported rarely in the literature. In solitary Spitz naevi, BRAF and HRAS mutations, as well as increased copy numbers of chromosome 11p have been identified...

..The remarkable genotype-phenotype correlation as observed in this study points to a distinct etiopathogenesis of the mutations in keratinocytes occuring either during fetal development or in adult life...

..This review will focus on the stroma-mediated anticancer activities of PPAR agonists...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the COX2 inhibitor celecoxib and the mTOR antagonist rapamycin on angiosarcoma cell lines...

..This generalized episode may be followed by erythema scarlatiniforme desquamativum localisatum recidivans, which is a recurring variant of the disease, localized to the hands and feet...

..Their role in healthy adult tissues and in human disease is still largely unknown, although diverse roles in carcinogenesis have been postulated...

..The meaning of this system in the adult human gut is unknown. We investigated the Eph/ephrin mRNA expression in the intestinal epithelium of healthy controls and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...

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..Since previous data have indicated an involvement of ephrin-B2 in epithelial healing, we investigated the gene expression and downstream signaling pathways induced by ephrin-B mediated cell-cell signaling in intestinal epithelial cells...

..This unusual mosaic phenotype may represent a distinct entity within the group of epidermal nevus syndromes...