Jochen Brasch

..In case of multiple lesions, systemic therapy is required. Many strains of Fusarium spp. are susceptible to amphotericin B, voriconazole and posaconazole; itraconazole and terbinafine may be helpful in certain cases...

..Thermotherapy and photodynamic therapy are additional options in particularly difficult cases...

..In conclusion, a highly synchronous reproducibility of results can be achieved by using a well-standardized patch-test system, especially with nickel sulfate. However, distinct allergens and test systems need to be evaluated separately...

..rubrum directly in samples collected from superficial skin lesions and nails under routine conditions. Compared with conventional methods, it is faster and more sensitive. We recommend its complementary use...

..Treatment with terbinafine plus ciclopiroxolamine was effective...

..For reasons of prophylaxis it is important to avoid potential contact allergens in childhood...

..More than 5% divergence from any known species of dermatophyte was revealed by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer of the rRNA gene...

..The taxonomic order of dermatophytes must continuously be updated by integrating new findings; at the same time, meaningful and proven criteria should be retained...

..The spectrum of organisms causing dermatophytoses is changing continuously...

..We conclude that an irradiation of human skin colonized by C. albicans with doses of UVB that can occur under natural or artificial conditions is unlikely to trigger skin invasion by C. albicans...

..Women are more often patch tested than men, and the reactivity to patch test allergens is dependent on sex. However, it is unclear whether the profiles of test reactions are also sex-related...

..New contact allergens and known contact allergens with currently increasing importance need to be identified for diagnostic and preventive purposes...

..We conclude that a positive patch test reaction is not affected by adjacent negative patch tests, which therefore can be neglected for the interpretation of positive reactions...

..The distribution of distinct species of dermatophytes is continuously changing and different species of dermatophytes can cause the same type of tinea. Therefore, it is necessary to always identify the pathogenic agents in dermatophytoses...

..However, such a spreading is likely to occur in the future and therefore a monitoring is needed. This can be achieved only when the variant raubitschekii is looked for in the laboratories and is reported with its full name...

..So far, the variety raubitschekii has been primarily found as a cause of tinea corporis in patients from Asia or Africa. In the future, it should be considered as a potential pathogen in Germany as well...

..Oral treatment with terbinafin plus topical ciclopiroxolamine was effective...

..Patch testing with a standard allergen series often yields positive reactions to more than 1 allergen in a patient...

..Therefore, this fungus could possibly mediate the hormone regulated cutaneous defense mechanisms of the host by an intraepidermal metabolization of DHEA...

..We suppose that some unidentified factors may contribute to positive reactions to the dermatophagoides mix that may also favour an enhanced general responsiveness to contact allergens...

..Dermatophytes that penetrate into the dermis can cause granulomatous inflammatory reactions and systemic immune reactions are supposed to be a trigger of so-called id reactions...

..Optical brighteners of stilbenedisulfonic acid type may be rewarding objects for the development of new antifungal agents...

..Mycological courses and dermato-mycological quality control are appropriate means to ensure that dermatologists retain their competence in treating patients with dermatophytoses...

..In conclusion, standard methods for patch testing can be applied in patients with a predisposition to atopic dermatitis, but minor differences in reaction patterns should be considered...

..Although cases of allergic contact dermatitis to IPBC have been reported, it is not known whether the usual test concentration of 0.1% is appropriate for screening tests with IPBC...

..The irritant properties of some preservatives and the use of water as the patch test vehicle for some of them call for a critical evaluation of patch test reactions to preservatives...

..Therefore the question whether AMPs are relevant for human protection against tineas is justified and should be addressed by investigating their role in vivo...

..p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) 1% in petrolatum has been shown in a prospective study to elicit late reactions in 1.5% of routine patch tests, which may be indicative of patch test sensitization...

..Skin barrier repair is more complete after treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and bland lipid-based emollient; therefore, these preparations should be preferred for long-term treatment of contact dermatitis...

..Our results indicate that TSP-1 downregulates cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions by acting on several distinct pathways mediating skin inflammation...

..As a complementary measure to patch testing diagnostic accuracy could be improved significantly by performing the standardized strip patch test. Further studies are needed on the reproducibility of the standardized strip patch test...

..Together, we describe profound changes in skin barrier structure and function, epidermal proliferation, and differentiation including pronounced protein expression of hBD-2 in tinea corporis...

..The diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical and molecular analyses. An unusual feature was calcinosis cutis at such an early age, which led to extensive differential diagnostic procedures...

..They should therefore not only be advised to avoid their known allergen but in addition to minimize exposure other contact allergens...

..Mercury in general appears to be irrelevant in the development of ORL in this study. If this holds true for humans as well, patch testing with an amalgam series may be helpful in a minor fraction of all patients with OLR...

..The pathogenetic relationship between oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) and dental amalgam fillings is still a matter of controversy...

..Penetration of the substances is enhanced by repeated applications of adhesive tape prior to their application to the skin. However, no guidelines exist for standardized performance of the SPT...

..There is evidence that a higher skin susceptibility may induce nonspecific erythematous or weak positive reactions to contact allergens in patch testing...

..Up to now, there has been no prospective study on the frequency of late reactions in routine patch testing with these allergens...

..The marked decrease in total serum IgE indicates that wasp immunotherapy has wide-ranging immunological effects, and it appears reasonable to check combinations of several parameters for treatment control...

..Recognition of further cases may help elucidate the aetiology of this condition and give insight into the pathophysiology of both pigmentation disorders and epileptic encephalopathies...

..In contrast, injection of the interleukin-1-receptor antagonist anakinra caused a complete remission within a few days...

..The atypical clinical and histopathologic appearance of the melanocytic lesions as well as the course of disease may have been influenced by the immunosuppression...

..The possibility of AHO and PHP Ia should be considered in children with hypothyroidism and calcinosis cutis. Systematic reviews regarding the frequency of calcinosis in AHO are warranted...

..CONCLUSION: For the interpretation of patch test results, the potentially enhancing effects of a synchronous positive patch test load should be considered. The local distribution of the patches on the back is, however, not critical...

..CONCLUSION: The German Contact Dermatitis Research Group decided to test both mercapto mix and MBT within the standard series, and to apply the 3 single components of the mix in case of a positive reaction to the mix or MBT...

..8% of those reacting to Lyral. So the concordance of positive test reactions to Lyral and FM was only slight. Based on these results, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) decided to add Lyral 5% pet. to the standard series...

..In conclusion, this type of SLS patch test can be regarded as robust, indicating individual irritability relatively independent from the individual factors analysed here...

..Standardized patch testing makes it possible to systematically investigate allergic contact dermatitis and identify relevant allergens in children...

..PS can be regarded as a phenotype to be considered in genetic studies...

..The sensitivity of the mix also did not change when the breakdown test was performed with 1% pet. instead of 0.25% pet. Thus, we conclude that both concentrations are of equal diagnostic value in patch testing...

..nodulare or Trichophyton tonsurans as possible causes for this infection. Further studies, however, revealed an atypical form of Microsporum canis infection...