Stephan C Bischoff

..Food intolerances (non-immunologic food incompatibilities often caused by specific enzyme deficiencies) must be diagnostically differentiated from food allergies...

..The initial formula diet represents an initial aid, similar to anti-obesity drugs or the gastric banding, although comparative studies on the three procedures are lacking...

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..The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and histological efficacy of lactulose in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which probiotic therapy yielded promising results...

..The broad spectrum of functions makes mast cells a fascinating target for future pharmacological or nutritional interventions...

..This Review summarizes recent data on human mast cells, discusses differences with murine mast cells, and describes new tools to study this increasingly meaningful cell type in humans...

..Food intolerances (nonimmunologic food incompatibilities often caused by specific enzyme deficiencies) must be diagnostically differentiated from food allergies...

..In particular, the role of bacteria and TLRs expression by mast cells for allergic reactions are discussed...

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..In any case, methods of assessing, improving and maintaining gut health-related GI functions are of major interest in preventive medicine...

..Their awareness increased enormously; therefore, we will review current knowledge about atopic gastrointestinal diseases for the allergologist...

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..In the current review, we present the most recent findings on quercetin with regard to the pharmacology, the in-vitro and in-vivo effects in different cell systems and animal models, and the clinical effects in humans...

..Deletion of SERT thus increases the severity of TNBS colitis. These data suggest that 5-HT and its SERT-mediated termination play roles in intestinal immune/inflammatory responses in mice...

..g., a diet rich in sugar) but also alterations at the level of the intestinal barrier have repeatedly been discussed to be involved in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)...

..Our data suggest that a loss of intestinal SERT is a critical factor in fructose-induced impairment of intestinal barrier function and subsequently the development of steatosis...

..In conclusion, our data suggest that the sex-specific differences in the susceptibility to NAFLD are associated with differences in the regulation of the adiponectin-AMPK-PAI-1 signaling cascade...

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..g. MyD88 and iNOS) may be involved in the onset of fructose-induced NAFLD...

..Taken together, these data suggest that bile acids prevent fructose-induced hepatic steatosis in mice through mechanisms involving protection against the fructose-induced translocation of intestinal bacterial endotoxin...

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..The effect involves the intestinal nervous system, resulting in a reduction of endotoxin influx into the liver and subsequently of liver inflammation and fat accumulation...

..Furthermore, we determined the micronutrient status in obese subjects undergoing a standardized DRI-covering low-calorie formula diet to analyze if the DRI meet the micronutrient requirements of obese individuals...

..Taken together, these data suggest that PAI-1 has a causal role in mediating the early phase of fructose-induced liver damage in mice through signaling cascades downstream of Kupffer cells and TNF-α...

..Taken together, these data suggest that TNFα plays a casual role in the onset of fructose-induced liver damage as well as insulin resistance in mice through signaling cascades downstream of TNFR1...

..Our data indicate an intimate cross talk between mucosal MC and FB resulting in MC survival and induction of a fibrolytic rather than a profibrotic state in FB...

..Taken together, our data show that an alcohol extract of cinnamon bark may protect the liver from acute alcohol-induced steatosis through mechanisms involving the inhibition of MyD88 expression...

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..Furthermore, combined treatment with IL-4 and SCF increases the antigen-mediated expression and release of multiple chemokines, but IL-4 priming inhibits the expression of CCL20, CXCL2, and CXCL3...

..01), and sucrose (Spearman r = 0.70; P < 0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary fructose intake, increased intestinal translocation of bacterial endotoxin, and PAI-1 may contribute to the development of NAFLD in humans...

..Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the dietary intake of Lcs protects against the onset of fructose-induced NAFLD through mechanisms involving an attenuation of the TLR-4-signalling cascade in the liver...

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..In summary, our data demonstrate that ERK, p38, and especially Akt play an important role in cross-linking IL-4 priming, SCF signaling, and IgE-dependent activation of mature human mast cells...

..The aim of the present study was to determine if sex-specific differences in dietary pattern and leisure time activity already exist and are associated with weight status in young childhood...

..coli. Our data indicate that human intestinal mast cells interact with selected Gram-negative bacteria, establish E. coli Hly as a factor regulating MC effector functions, and argue further for a role of human MCs in innate immunity...

..Purpose Glutamine and arginine modulate inflammatory responses of epithelial cells and monocytes. Here, we studied the response of human mast cells to pharmacological doses of arginine and glutamine...

..However, data on outcome of LSG regarding nutrient deficiencies, protein status, and body composition are scarce...

..The aim of the present study was to test the effects of ad libitum access to different sugars consumed in drinking water on hepatic fat accumulation...

..In summary, STX-3 and SNAP-23 are crucial for the release of all chemokines in mature human mast cells whereas other SNAREs affect only release of selected chemokines...

..In summary, our data show that mature human MC express a specific pattern of SNARE and that VAMP-7 and VAMP-8, but not VAMP-2, are required for rapid degranulation...

..In conclusion, our data show that human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3R, indicating that IL-3 not only regulates growth and function of immature, but also that of mature human mast cells...

..In vitro mast cell induced fibroplasia. Therefore, mast cells have a profibrogenic role in this model of peritoneal adhesions...

..In conclusion, the SCF-c-kit system, possibly with the contribution of mast cells, may have a growth-regulating role in the normal pancreas, which is altered during malignant transformation...

..Such interactions between MCs and FBs may explain why MCs accumulate at sites of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal fibrosis...

..Nuclear factor of activated T cells and NF-kappaB seem to be necessary for the induction of TNF-alpha, IL-3, and IL-13 but are less important for the transcription of IL-5...

..However, several other cytokines such as IL-3 and IL-4 have been shown to influence mast cell proliferation and function also. This review focuses on the role of cytokines in the regulation of mast cell hyperplasia...

..Furthermore, the data support the concept of neuroimmune interactions regulating intestinal MC distribution, density, and functionality in vivo...

..In summary, our data show that the IL-4 effects on human intestinal mast cell functions are reversible and accompanied by an increased activity of ERK1/2 and c-Fos...

..In addition, the ECNM is dedicated to provide the best available information about the disease to patients and physicians...

..This chapter describes a rather new technique of mast cell isolation from human intestinal mucosal tissue yielding approx 1-5 million pure and viable human mast cells suitable to perform functional and cell culture experiments...

..Malnutrition is frequently observed in chronic and severe diseases and associated with impaired outcome. In Germany general data on prevalence and impact of hospital malnutrition are missing...

..In conclusion, these data indicate that SCF induces the adhesion of cultured mast cells to ECM proteins, whereas IL-4 may promote detachment from the ECM...

..These data demonstrate that IL-1RAcP is indispensable for IL-33 signaling. Furthermore, they suggest that IL-1RAcP is used by more than one alpha-chain of the IL-1 receptor family and thus may resemble a common beta-chain of that family...