S Thanos

..Thus, the post-injury fate of neurons cannot be seen merely as inevitable but, instead, must be regarded as a challenge to shape conditions for initiating growth cone formation to repair the damaged optic nerve...

..The method is a relatively new concept and has potential for the monitoring of retinal conditions, such as glaucoma or optic nerve transection, and for evaluation of neuroprotective strategies in the near future...

..We used an animal model to monitor the mechanisms of retinal damage following excessive light exposure, and in particular to study whether observation of the eclipse induces death of retinal cells...

..This model may help to address several fundamental issues in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and aid in the development of neuroprotective strategies...

..These data suggest that balanced expression of Pax-2 results in the correct formation of the chick chiasm at early stages by imposing accurate pathfinding within the optic stalk and the midline...

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..In short, some glial-glial and neuroglial negotiations will be analysed in near future by developing new, or by modifying existing fluorescent probes...

..Thus, animals could discriminate between simplified vertical versus horizontal stripes, and visual evoked potentials were positive after grafting. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)..

..The review ends by pointing to future perspectives in the rapidly accelerating process of visual prosthetics and in the increasing hope that restoration of the visual system becomes reality...

..Final elucidation of this delicate system will essentially lead to some revision of our knowledge concerning neurotraumatology and CNS-repair...

..This number could be increased by a second injection of ATA 7 days after axotomy. These data show that ATA is not only able to delay post-traumatic neuronal death but also enhances the extent of axonal regeneration in vivo...

..This study reports for the first time that the optic nerve has unique properties, which aids in the realization of these goals...

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..The findings suggest that microglial cells play an important role in axotomy-induced wound healing and removal of cell debris...

..This model may help to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of optic neuropathy at stages preceding death caused by chronic injury, and aid in the development of neuroprotective strategies...

..Due to the anti-inflammatory and microglia-inhibiting properties of glucocorticoids, we studied the neuroprotective effects of intravitreally administered cortisol after an optic nerve cut...

..To examine whether systemic diseases like diabetes and arterial hypertension, which frequently cause retinopathies leading to blindness effect the morphology of retinal ganglion cells (RGC)...

..CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the graft stabilizes the regenerating RGCs to an extent reminiscent of peripheral neurons, a process that may involve the interaction between neuronal and glial elements...

..Secondly, activation of intraretinal microglia coincides with degeneration of RGCs in glaucoma...

..The difference in the protein expression may explain that mixing the positionally specified cells of either origins results in projection mosaics...

..It is concluded that survival factors supplied by the lens might be used to facilitate survival within neuronal tissue...

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..We conclude that increasing loss of AMOG/beta2 during malignant progression parallels and may underlie the extensive invasion pattern of malignant gliomas...

..CONCLUSIONS: The data show that the PMA and PMB mainly contain small midget cells of typical morphology and size but with atypically oriented dendrites, which are only characteristic for this retinal area...

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..To evaluate the relationship between hypobaric hypoxia acclimatization and intraocular pressure (IOP) during ascent, acclimatization, and descent between 2286 m and 5050 m...

..These findings indicate that the lens epithelium influences both the amount of axonal regeneration and the direction of growth without affecting the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells in vitro...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the usability and reliability of ultrasonography in the evaluation of the lacrimal drainage system...

..The role of the lacrimal sac (LS) and the medial canthal tendon in the lacrimal pump mechanism is controversial. This study used ultrasonic visualization to analyze this phenomenon...

..To evaluate the safety of topical anaesthesia (TA) versus peribulbar anaesthesia (PBA) in patients undergoing routine cataract surgery on the basis of systemic adverse events...

..The promising results of the use of ALS in bioanalytics call for detailed physicochemical investigations of surfactant properties...

..Muscarinic agonists in the trabecular meshwork tissue increase aqueous humour outflow facility by a direct stimulation of ciliary muscle contraction. We investigated the contribution of cholinergic state to IOP regulation...

..These data suggest that Trax regulates GAP-43 transcription and regeneration-promoting effects during the postnatal maturation period. Trax may represent a new potent therapeutic target gene for optic nerve and spinal cord injuries...

..To characterize the changes in retinal gene expression induced by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in a hereditary rodent model...

..These data suggest that the mechanisms underlying the migration of glioma cells on myelinated axons differ from those underlying the migration on extracellular matrix molecules such as laminin-1...

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..The results suggest that neuronal crystallins constitute a novel class of neurite-promoting factors that likely operate through an autocrine mechanism and that they could be used in neurodegenerative diseases...

..The microglial capability to phagocytose dying neurons several fold emphasizes their function in permanent scavenging within the retina...

..To our knowledge these data are the first from subhuman animals to suggest that axonal regeneration of injured RGCs is correlated to expression of identifiable proteins within the retina...

..These findings hold out hope and may serve as the starting point for regenerative medicine to potentially restore neuronal function...

..In the outdoor pen, the survival rates of BC1-depleted mice were lower than in controls. Thus, we conclude that the neuron-specific non-messenger BC1 RNA contributes to the aptive modulation of behaviour...

..This case report is the first to suggest that changes in maternal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy can aggravate the progression of keratoconus...

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..Like in vitro, GM-CSF counteracts the staurosporine-induced cell death in vivo and protects RGCs from axotomy-induced degeneration. Our data suggest that GM-CSF might be a novel therapeutic agent in neuropathic disease of the eye...

..NO concentration is elevated after an axotomy reaching its highest value of up to 30 microM 5 days after the lesion. The NO concentration is decreased below the initial value after 9-14 days post axotomy...

..This approach shows that tissue fixation prior to RNA-isolation facilitates the rapid isolation of undamaged RNAs in tissues such as the retina, which are known to yield low levels of RNA and are vulnerable to RNases...

..The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of 5% topical imiquimod, and the long-term results following its use, in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the eyelid...

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..In this study, we check time-dependence and extent of restoration of flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) to examine the functional relevance of the regenerated retinogeniculate pathway...

..These results suggest that growth-associated protein-43 is involved in differentiation processes also outside the nervous system...

..The data thus suggest that the acquisition of such competence has likely been a relatively recent event in evolution...

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..CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of retinal pigment epithelium are suitable and sensitive models to study cell damage and may contribute to unravelling the pathogenetic mechanisms of retinal degeneration...

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..These findings open the route for the generation of complex small neuronal arrays and for the electrochemical investigation of the obtained neuronal matrix...

..Secondly, to reconsider the existence of "Wilbrand's knee" as far as referable to the anterior junction syndrome...