Tim Meyer

..Often exercise intensities are defined as percentages of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) or heart rate (HRmax)...

..g. by specifically designed training. Also, the extension of descriptive/cross-sectional investigations to typical training sessions will be worthwhile...

..To compare energy requirements and substrate use for running a given distance fast versus slow under field conditions...

..A well-developed aerobic endurance capacity seems necessary for fast recovery between rallies or intensive training workouts...

..Trial Registration: NCT00946855 Effect of Elite Soccer Training on Routine Laboratory Parameters (SOCCERLAB), http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00946855?term=soccerlab&rank=1...

..Due to occupational restrictions many people's recreational endurance activities are confined to the weekends. We intended to clarify if cumulating the training load in such a way diminishes endurance gains...

..Finally, some approaches of using gas exchange thresholds for exercise prescription in athletes, healthy subjects, and chronically diseased patients are addressed...

..It is evident that failure to strictly follow such recommendations might result in misleading ergometric findings and, thus, in over- or underestimation of endurance capacity and/ or training effects...

..However, the use of submaximal parameters might represent an alternative approach...

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..This holds true even in subgroups of similar aerobic capacity. Thus, intensity prescription for endurance training and study purposes should not be solely based upon percentages of VO(2max) when a comparable metabolic strain is intended...

..In addition, they allow risk stratification in cardiovascular patients. The clinical significance of increases in cardiac markers after strenuous endurance exercise in obviously healthy athletes is unclear...

..To investigate the effect of 4-d active regeneration of different duration on immunological parameters after 2 wk of intensive training...

..We hypothesized that the ingestion of carbohydrate (6 or 12% CHO beverages; placebo (P) without CHO) during exercise attenuates the exercise-induced immune response in a dose-dependent manner...

..It was intended to compare the immune reaction after single and repeated short bouts of anaerobic exercise...

..In determining alterations of functional capacity ergometric testing cannot be replaced by serial determinations of NT-proBNP...

..To investigate the magnitude and the time course of changes in endurance capacity during the first year of an aerobic endurance training program with constant HR prescription...

..This proves that earlier laboratory findings can be replicated under field conditions using modern portable equipment...

..In particular, well trained athletes may benefit in a typical competition setting with practical and relevant effects. With respect to feasibility, cold drinks, cooling packs and cooling vests can be regarded as best-practice methods...

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..The presented framework may help to clarify some aspects of the controversy and may give a rationale for performance diagnosis and training prescription in future research as well as in sports practice...

..It is concluded that, for a period of 4 weeks, high-training volumes have no advantage compared to high-intensity training of lower volume...

..These results provide further evidence that playing football has significant health effects...

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..To provide an overview of the current literature on the use of inhaled beta2 agonists in non-asthmatic competitive athletes, and to assess the performance enhancing effect of inhaled beta2 agonists...

..A general judgement in athletes with bicuspid aortic valves on their ability to participate in competitive sports is, therefore, not possible...

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..The physical examination and an exercise electrocardiogram were carried out by his general practitioner up to 19 s at 350 W and a heart rate of 147/min without showing any abnormalities...

..However, there are only few data on immune cell function after prolonged cycling at moderate intensities typical for road cycling training sessions...

..Therefore this explorative study investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic load resulting from different walking intensities derived from maximal velocity (Vmax) during an incremental treadmill walking test...

..However, the derivation of exercise prescriptions from a stepwise cycling test does not seem appropriate. The drafting effect of inline speedskating is within the range known from cycling...

..The observed average bLa is in the range of those recommended in the scientific literature...

..In conclusion, straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations. Power and speed abilities are important within decisive situations in professional football and, thus, should be included in fitness testing and training...

..In contrast, a constant training stimulus within the ACSM-recommendations elicits sustained improvements in MFO over at least one year of training...

..The determination of .VO(2max) is not a reasonable application for ambulatory gas exchange measurements because laboratory values are not surpassed...

..Its physiological meaning has not yet been definitely determined, but the most common explanation is a failure of the body's buffering mechanisms which leads to metabolic (lactic) acidosis. It was intended to test this experimentally...

..The main hypothesis of the present study was an association between postexercise hypotension after an exhaustive exercise test and chronic blood pressure reductions in response to an endurance training program...

..This is important to decide if longitudinal changes in gas exchange measurements represent clinically meaningful differences in performance or merely inconsistencies of the measuring tool...

..It is concluded that low-intensity training of a 1-h duration each day is more appropriate for recovery after an IT period than 3 h...

..91 L/min (total VO(2)) and 0.32 L/min (VO(2Fat)). In conclusion, spontaneous intraindividual variability in Fat(max) appears too large to recommend the use of this parameter for the prescription of training intensity...

..In order to increase efficiency and feasibility of the exercise therapy, home-based training should be engaged as soon as a stable condition during repeated training sessions has been proven...

..Intra-individual day-to-day variation might render the use of several tests of long duration less applicable than incremental testing with stages of sufficient duration...

..In this review, we focus on two ends of the therapeutic spectrum--transplantation, which is highly effective but applicable to only a few patients, and systemic chemotherapy, which is of uncertain benefit but widely applicable...

..These data suggest that the decrease in plasma pH is one of the factors that contribute to the hyperventilation observed at high workloads...