A Kreuter

..7, 95% CI 1.1-6.5; p=0.023), and elevated autoantibodies (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9-9.3; p<0.0001) as compared to male patients. This observation is suggestive for a different pathogenetic background in male and female patients...

..Recently, a prospective multicenter study demonstrated a surprisingly high percentage of genital LiS in patients with morphea...

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..Scleromyxedema is a rare connective tissue disease that may affect numerous internal organs in addition to the skin. The disease is almost exclusively associated with monoclonal gammopathy...

..Even though different casuistic treatment modalities have been described, to date, curing still seems to be impossible...

..Nevertheless, controlled studies investigating the efficacy of UVA irradiation in connective tissue diseases and related disorders are rare...

..EMO syndrome, defined as a triad including exophthalmus, pretibial myxedema and osteoarthropathia, is a rare condition in patients suffering from hyperthyreosis...

..The purpose of our study was to investigate to what extent UVA1 irradiation is able to modulate the status of protease activity by the use of a monoclonal antibody labeling cathepsin G...

..Because of the potential side effects of repeated local application of potent glucocorticosteroids, equally-effective, safer therapeutic options are required, especially in the treatment of children...

..Basic diagnostic workup includes clinical inspection of the perianal area, digital rectal examination, and anal cytology...

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..There is accumulating evidence that infections with certain high-risk alpha-human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are involved in the pathogenesis of digital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and their precursor lesions (SCCs in situ)...

..There is a paucity of data published on the progression of high-grade AIN to invasive cancer as well as on clinical and virological characteristics comparing anal margin and anal canal carcinoma...

..Conclusion As in systemic sclerosis, clonally expanded T-cell populations could play a critical role in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, probably as an in vivo-activated inflammatory response to gadolinium exposure...

..To evaluate the efficacy of pulsed high-dose corticosteroids combined with orally administered low-dose methotrexate therapy in patients with severe localized scleroderma (LS)...

..Early diagnosis and treatment of AIN might prevent development of anal cancer...

..This combination therapy should be considered in generalized disease, especially disease that is refractory to conventional treatment...

..To date, a randomized comparison study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different, commonly used phototherapeutic modalities in LS is still outstanding...

..Pilot studies were suggestive for a role of clonal T cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc)...

..Ultraviolet (UV) A1 phototherapy, the most recent advance in the treatment of LS, targets T-cell dermal inflammatory infiltrates via induction of various cytokines and soluble factors besides well-known effects on collagen metabolism...

..Although skin cancer frequently develops in the sun-exposed cutaneous lesions of patients with EV, the anogenital area is usually not affected by squamous cell carcinomas related to mucosal HPV types...

..The pathogenetic relevance of HHV-8 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is controversial. Recently, a highly significant association of HHV-8 in LPP was found, which suggests a role in the pathogenesis of this disease...

..In a pilot study, imiquimod, a topical immune response modifier, has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of AIN...

..Immunosuppressive agents are usually considered a second-line approach in patients with resistant disease...

..Moreover, data are provided on penile and oral HPV-associated diseases, for which only limited information is available in the literature...

..To determine the efficacy of antimalarial drug use in patients with lupus erythematosus tumidus...

..Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are widely distributed effector molecules of the innate immune system with well-known antibacterial activity. However, there is a paucity of information regarding antiviral effects of AMPs...

..The impact of HPV vaccination on AIN development will also need to be assessed. Long-term follow-up of these patients is essential to gain more insight into the natural history of anogenital HPV infection in HIV-positive MSM...

..UVA1 phototherapy demonstrated the alteration of SMAD7 gene expression in LS, as SMAD7 mRNA levels normalized after UVA1. The pathogenetic relevance of SMAD7 levels with respect to clinical improvement needs further investigation...

..Recently, both pimecrolimus and tacrolimus have been investigated for this indication and shown to be safe and effective. So far, to our knowledge, a comparison of one of these drugs with standard regimens for IP has not been performed...

..HIV infection is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of genital HPV infection, a higher incidence of AIN, and, consecutively, an increased risk for anal cancer...

..Skin infections rarely occur in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), and AMP expression in CLE has not been previously evaluated...

..Further controlled studies are necessary to investigate whether this combined therapy is superior to UVA1 phototherapy alone...

..However, no continuing benefit has been reported in any of these modalities. Recently, encouraging case reports about the successful use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in LV have been published...

..Although antimalarial treatment is generally considered the most effective approach, only a few case reports exist on its use in REM syndrome...

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..We report a patient with recalcitrant DGA who was treated with fumaric acid esters (FAE)...

..Clinical examination of the gluteal cleft revealed a locally destructive, cauliflower-like, verrucous mass measuring 15 cm in diameter. There was no associated regional lymphadenopathy...

..Nevertheless, the current technique does not allow one to visualize definite diagnostic features of cutaneous LE. However, OCT may be a promising method for objective monitoring of LE activity and treatment effects over time in vivo...

..There is an increasing evidence that the development of cutaneous epithelial tumours is pathogenetically linked to dysregulations of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and its signalling molecules, the Smads...

..In summary, medium-dose UVA1 irradiation led to a marked modulation of the expression of p53 and bcl-2, and this plays a key role in regulating UVA1-induced apoptosis...

..Antimicrobial peptides and proteins are not only effectors of the immune system but are also attributed important roles in tumour progression or tumour suppression in several malignancies such as oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)...

..We observed an identical pattern of hBD expression in MD and AD suggesting a common regulatory mechanism that might mainly be driven by T helper 2 lymphocytes...

..A substantial portion of patients with psoriasis does not achieve a satisfactory response under antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α biological therapies...

..We have demonstrated that etanercept-induced improvement of psoriasic lesions is associated with a significant decline of AMP protein expression...

..Psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) is the standard photo(chemo)therapeutic regimen for patients suffering from subacute prurigo (SP)...

..Hence, AMPs may represent important cofactors in the pathogenesis of AE...

..Ultraviolet (UV) A1 and narrowband (NB)-UVB have been reported to be effective treatments for atopic eczema (AE)...

..However, there is a lack of systematic studies comparing OCT with histology...

..However, further studies are needed to establish its measurement precision and validity, and to investigate in vivo spectral dependence on UV induced skin changes such as skin thickening...

..The histopathology of lichen sclerosus (LS) suggests abnormalities in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition...

..Current studies indicate that treatment with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α blockers plus ultraviolet (UV) B phototherapy results in higher relative Psoriasis Area and Severity Index reduction as compared with TNF-α monotherapy...

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..Subacute prurigo (SP) is a relatively common disease of papular cutaneous lesions that itch intensely. However, there is a lack of systematic clinical and histological studies on SP...

..We report the sixth case of a herpes zoster-associated reactive perforating collagenosis and discuss the current literature...

..The present work was aimed on the study of hBD gene expression in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) which is the most common cancer in humans...

..The disease may be associated with facial hemiatrophy. Various ophthalmological and neurological abnormalities have been observed in patients with LSCS. We describe an unusual case of LSC...

..Furthermore, we investigated whether medium-dose ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy is able to modulate the expression of bcl-2 within the dermal inflammatory infiltrate...

..STUDY GOALS: This open trial was initiated to determine the safety and efficacy of a new formulation of interferon, pegylated interferon-alpha2b (PEG-IFN, PegIntron in the treatment of recalcitrant CA in patients with HIV infection. -..

..The purpose of our study was to investigate the extent to which UVA1 irradiation is able to modulate the mononuclear dermal inflammatory infiltrate using different monoclonal antibodies...

..KS in HIV-negative MSM has only been reported sporadically. It was shown that KS in these patients clinically resembles classic KS but occurs at a younger age, is limited to the skin, and is associated with a good prognosis...

..However, new AIN lesions associated with previously undetected HPV types frequently occur in untreated areas...

..Atopic eczema (AE) is a common pruritic and chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which cytokines seem to represent important factors in the pathogenesis...

..Inflamed and injured epithelia are a particularly rich source of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs)...

..Although the MED data given here are limited to the phototest device used in the present study, the SED results establish comparability between our data and phototest results obtained from laboratories using different UV sources...

..Because the pathogenesis of NFD may not entirely be attributable to haemodialysis, the role of circulating factors in the development of cutaneous manifestations requires further investigation...

..Long-wave UVA irradiation has been shown to induce intensively collagenase activity in human dermal fibroblasts. We suggest that UVA1 irradiation could be an effective treatment in patients suffering from extragenital LSA...

..Previous reports on lymphocyte subpopulations in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the lymphocyte subsets in SSc patients who were not on immunosuppressive therapy...

..Our data may indicate inflammatory processes and an altered balance between MMPs and TIMPs in MDE. Furthermore CD34+ dendritic fibroblasts and/or histiocytes are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of MDE...

..During follow-up of at least 6 months, clinical outcome remained stable in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that FAE are beneficial and safe in the treatment of patients with NL...

..We aimed to assess whether MCM immunohistochemistry can be utilized to examine tumour proliferation in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC)...

..MCC showing the aforementioned features may be associated with significant delay of diagnosis and therefore represents an unfavourable prognostic factor...

..Abnormal cell proliferation, which results from deregulation of the cell cycle, is fundamental in tumorigenesis...

..In accordance with previous studies our data suggest a role for IL-6 and IL-8 in the development and/or progression of BCC, since mRNA expression of both CKs are significantly increased in tumour tissue...

..However, studies on a larger sample size including controls are needed to substantiate our findings...

..In view of the PIN prevalence found in our study, all HIV+MSM should be screened for PIN in addition to AIN screening...

..There is a lack of data with regard to the interaction between ultraviolet (UV) radiation and topical calcineurin inhibitors...

..To investigate whether cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes are influenced by amphotericin B (Am-B) during the treatment of Candida oesophagitis in HIV-infected patients...

..Treatment with combined low-dose methotrexate and pulsed high-dose corticosteroid therapy might represent a promising treatment option for UGM...

..Injection lipolysis induces acute panniculitis within the treated fat tissue, associated with changes of the cytokine profile. However, their pathogenetic relevance with respect to clinical dissolving of fat needs further investigation...

..001). This was an open and uncontrolled study on a limited number of cases. We suggest that pimecrolimus 1% cream could be an efficacious and safe treatment option for cutaneous lupus erythematosus...

..We aimed to investigate mRNA expression levels of various antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) in AD patients, and compare it with psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients and healthy subjects...

..CONCLUSION: Low-dose UVA1 phototherapy is a capable treatment option for acrosclerosis. Its beneficial effect may be mediated by the induction of collagenases and a reduction of collagen deposition and cellular infiltration...

..Our data support the findings of previous studies indicating that cell adhesion molecules of the CEA family may have a role in the development and progression of cutaneous melanoma and potentially serve as prognostic markers...

..In contrast with the findings of previous studies, our data indicate that MAP-2 is a moderately positive predictor of the progression of SSMs...

..PLD is superior to IFNalpha and should be considered as an promising option in the treatment of advanced classic KS...

..Markers identifying premalignant and malignant melanocytic skin lesions are needed...

..Even though the origin and the functional mechanisms remain obscure, NSE might be relevant directly within sclerotic skin lesions and may possibly be used as a diagnostic marker at least in SSc-associated acrosclerotic skin...

..05). Our data strongly indicate that topical tacrolimus neither prevents nor abolishes UV-induced erythema in a clinical meaningful degree...

..Our results suggest that UVA1 irradiation exerts its positive effects by a modulation of endothelial regulation/transformation beside the proposed induction of T cell apoptosis and collagenases...

..While squamous cell carcinoma can primarily cause a leg ulcer, the malignant transformation of a primary venous leg ulcer to squamous cell carcinoma is rarer...

..We report a HIV-positive man from Cameroon presenting with generalized cutaneous papules and nodes, oral candidiasis, and soor esophagitis, who was successfully treated with fluconazole monotherapy...

..OCT seems to be a useful tool to monitor UV induced effects in vivo...

..92). Our results suggest that decorin and TGF-beta1 may have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of NSF. Conversely, versican seems less likely to be of pathogenetic significance in NSF...

..It seems appropriate to consider the possibility of such a vitamin B-triggered condition in cases of subjects presenting new or exacerbating facial eruptions...

..Although it is well accepted that sunbed exposure significantly increases melanin pigmentation, its capacity to induce epidermal thickening is discussed controversially...

..We aimed to investigate the protein expression pattern of decorin and versican in superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and its precursors...

..Endocrine dysfunction is a common problem in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). We therefore evaluated the endocrine function in 31 male homosexual HIV-1-infected men: mean age 37 +/- 7.2 years (range 24-52)...