U Alexy

..Data from the ongoing, open-cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were used to describe warm family lunch meals and the association of the lunch composition with total diet quality...

..Higher % diet costs of fruit/vegetables could be compensated by lower % diet costs of meat/sausage to lower ED without increasing diet costs...

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..To evaluate dietary fibre intake from infancy to adolescence against various reference standards expressed on a body weight, age or energy intake (EI) basis and to describe age and 15-year time trends...

..The impact of acid-base balance on health is widely accepted. Here, we describe the potential renal acid load (PRAL) in the diet of healthy German children and adolescents...

..The composition of convenience food was characterised by a high fat content and a high number of flavourings and food additives...

..For both preference and sensitivity tests, there was no significant difference in experimental test decisions between the three time points...

..A well-balanced fortification of commercial CF, including pure infant cereals, would be required to ensure an adequate iodine supply...

..Knowledge of changes in breakfast habits may provide potential behaviour targets for intervention programmes. The present study describes the actual data on trends in breakfast habits and composition...

..To quantify the intake of grain and whole grain, and their food sources, as well as to investigate the age and time trends over the last decade in a sample of German children and adolescents...

..The present paper examines the association between CF consumption and dietary quality or body weight status in a sample of German children and adolescents...

..No single dietary factor has been clearly identified so far. We analyzed long-term fat intake patterns during childhood and adolescence and their influence on body fatness...

..Examination of time trends in the consumption of dairy food and their impact on fat and calcium intakes in German children and adolescents...

..The positive effect of fortification on nutrient densities was greater than the negative effect of added sugars. Therefore, fortification should more often be considered in dietary analyses...

..Our results point to the impact of the food industry on long-term nutrient intake, but also underline the necessity of nutrition education even in young age groups to improve vitamin intake...

..However, since recommended fat intake and fatty acid composition was not reached at the end of the study period by far, further efforts will be necessary to improve macronutrient composition and to stabilize favourable dietary habits...

..However, the DONALD study gives no clear indicator on grounds of micronutrient dilution for a quantitative limit on intake of added sugars...

..Intake of sugars is restricted in most international food guides. However, in recent recommendations quantified limits of added sugars intake have not been given, although deemed necessary by those who criticised the recommendations...

..Intake of dietary fiber was highest at the age of 1 year (boys/girls, 2.7/2.3 g/MJ). The macronutrient intake was in accordance with other German and European surveys, but deviated considerably from the respective recommendations...

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..Food selection was very similar in age and sex groups. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that under preventive aspects the current food selection could be improved without disturbing the prevailing dietary habits and food preferences...

..CONCLUSIONS: Long-term dietary protein intake appears to act anabolically on diaphyseal bone strength during growth, and this may be negated, at least partly, if dietary PRAL is high, ie, if the intake of alkalizing minerals is low...

..Our data indicate that the new estimations of energy requirement seem to be more appropriate than the 1985 FAO/WHO energy requirements...

..Future analyses will provide insight into the extent to which health in young adulthood is receptive to diet, anthropometric pattern and hormonal status in distinct potentially critical periods during childhood...

..We examined the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and LC-PUFAs pattern in dietary practice of two study groups and evaluated the results against the present Dietary Guidelines in Germany...

..The partly favorable and partly unfavorable dietary trends observed in the DONALD Study should continue to be critically considered...

..In total, the findings point to an abundance of products, nutrients and dosages in the German market supply of vitamin and mineral supplements for the use of children...

..The quality of dietary CHO consumed by healthy German adolescents shows notable secular declines, but does not change markedly during puberty. Public health initiatives should be tailored to improve the overall quality of CHO nutrition...

..This effect might be relevant especially in girls as the association with diet quality was larger and mean NQI levels were lower in comparison with boys...

..Soft drinks are thought to displace milk in diets of children and adolescents and therefore might affect variables of bone modeling and remodeling...

..055 SDS/MJ increase in regular soft drink consumption; P = 0.08). In conclusion, these results suggest that an increase in energetic beverage consumption may result in weight gain, at least in adolescent girls...

..Because worldwide iodine status (IS) depends on continuous fortification, the adequacy of IS needs to be regularly monitored...

..To apply for the first time FAO/WHO standards for Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) to develop a total diet concept named Optimized Mixed Diet (OMD) for children and adolescents in a European country...

..As the DONALD study offers unique research opportunities and due to its long follow-up an abundance of data, collaborative research is encouraged...

..An individual consultation session is the usual practice while experts recommend an outpatient training program consisting of a combination of physical exercise, nutrition education, and behavior therapy...

..Therefore, we studied the relationships between PTH, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25-OH Vit D), 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH Vit D), weight status, and insulin sensitivity before and after weight loss in obese children...