Richard Dodel

..We aimed to develop an estimation algorithm for EuroQol- 5 dimensions (EQ-5D)-based utilities from the clinical UPDRS or disease-specific HrQoL data in the absence of original utilities estimates...

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..We tested the safety, effective dose, and infusion interval of intravenous immunoglobulin in such patients...

..To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients suffering from narcolepsy...

..These findings suggest a novel physiological mechanism involving NAbs-Aβ to dispose of proteins or peptides that are prone to forming toxic aggregates...

..The objective was to evaluate first-year costs in German patients with aneurysmal SAH and to identify independent determinants of costs...

..This article focuses on the clinical issues related to both disorders and is based on a meeting of experts which took place in April 2008 in Dresden...

..In this article, we review the current knowledge and scientific rationale for using IVIG in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative disorders...

..In this review we present the current status of the different approaches in relation to Alzheimer's disease as well as to other neurodegenerative disorders...

..RLS places a notable financial burden on society as well as on patients and their families. More detailed studies are needed to evaluate the health economic impact of this disorder...

..The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and costs of healthcare resources for this disease have been increasing in recent years. The objective was to determine the trends in the resource utilization for PD in Germany...

..The analysis of determinants of HrQoL showed that a greater attention should be paid to social support and home care. Our data on HrQoL in PD should be considered in the development of new health care programs...

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..Likewise, the reported impact of drug costs on total direct costs varies across different studies. In addition, the influence of comorbidities on both treatment costs and health-related quality of life has not been adequately evaluated...

..The objective of our cross-sectional study was to evaluate the HrQoL in patients with APS and to identify the determinants of HrQoL...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the costs of PD and antiparkinsonian drugs in an Italian cohort of patients and identify cost-driving factors of drug therapy...

..There are only few studies on the costs of epilepsy in Germany. Therefore, we performed a pilot study to estimate the direct and indirect costs of refractory epilepsy in a German epilepsy center...

..These results underscore the importance of MIF in GBM and show that MIF and its receptors may be a promising target for the treatment of malignant gliomas...

..To evaluate the economic burden of patients suffering from narcolepsy...

..In addition to the treatment of motor symptoms, greater attention should be paid to the treatment of depression, which was found to be among the independent predictors of the HRQoL in ALS and MG...

..Our data should be considered in the development of national healthcare programs that seek to provide better social services support for patients with PD...

..However, inpatient care, long-term care and medication were identified as the major expenditures in the investigated countries...

..More intensive government support for patients with chronic diseases such as PD and the development of disease-management programs that incorporate both the clinical and economic effects of PD treatment are needed...

..9%) and days off due to seizures (26.2%). The mean costs of epilepsy found in our study were lower than those found in studies conducted at European epilepsy centers due to the inclusion of patients in all health-care sectors...

..This review focuses on such cognitive outcomes of different active and passive immunization strategies in APP transgenic mice...

..Further studies with human immunoglobulins and particularly with those that recognize different Abeta-epitopes are required in order to delineate in more detail the mode of action of NAbs-Abeta...

..In particular, these programmes should concentrate not only on motor but also on non-motor manifestations of PD...

..While cost-of-illness studies for PD from developed countries have recently been published, data for Eastern Europe and Asia are still lacking...

..Therefore, CNI-1493 is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD...

..Recently, naturally occurring autoantibodies against α-Syn (α-Syn-nAbs) have been detected in the serum of patients with PD. They represent a putative diagnostic marker for PD...

..The early diagnosis and treatment of depression in patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes as well as programs aimed to improve social support will reduce disease-related costs...

..Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder. However, non-motor complications frequently alter the course of the disease. A particularly disabling non-motor symptom is dementia...

..Continuously increasing healthcare costs and the fact that the prevalence of PD is expected to double in the next 25 years highlight the importance of health-economic evaluation in PD...

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..Unfortunately, no cost of illness studies are available for comparison. Further health economic studies, especially cost-effectiveness studies, are necessary for a basis for rational resource allocation...

..In this review the current knowledge on the role of naturally occurring autoantibodies is discussed in respect to neurodegenerative disorders...

..The amount and distribution of indirect cost components remained unchanged...

..Adverse events of treatment, co-morbidities or disease complications are not yet sufficiently included in the models to adequately represent clinical reality...

..quot; The aim of this article was thus to present a detailed review of current knowledge regarding the role of MIF in CNS tumor pathophysiology...

..To date, no economic evaluation has been undertaken for possible neuroprotective/disease modifying effects, and further research is needed for evaluations of interventions for non-motor symptoms...

..Studies of the role of the cytokine macrophage-migration-inhibitory-factor (MIF) in malignant tumors have revealed its stimulating influence on cell-cycle progression, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis...

..Costs of acute care of cardioembolic stroke/TIA patients may exceed those of non-cardioembolic stroke/TIA by up to 40%...

..Total indirect costs amounted to 3180 euro +/-6480 euro. CONCLUSION: According to our study, PD puts a high financial burden on society and underscores the need for further economic and medical research to optimise treatment for PD...

..This information, however, may serve as a guide when choosing the commercial source of IVIG for therapeutic applications in Alzheimer's disease...

..1/1,000. Family physicians cared for the majority of patients. Prevalence and prescribing patterns changed with age. Costs of AED against epilepsy added up to 1 % of total medication costs in Germany...

..The objective of the current study was to evaluate health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and its determinants in outpatients with major depressive disorder in an urban Russian population...

..Direct medical care costs and long-term care costs related differently to the patient's clinical characteristics. Longitudinal and population-based studies are necessary for thoroughly evaluating the burden of disease...

..This prospective, 48 week, randomized, double-blind, multinational study failed to show a clinical effect of minocycline on symptom severity as assessed by clinical motor function...

..The clinical implication of our study is that it highlights the need for better diagnosis and treatment of depression in early stages of PD...

..g. polyclonal IgG preparations, in order to minimize the amount of different proteins in separated fractions in a reproducible way...

..The socioeconomic burden of NMDs in Germany is considerable. Further studies evaluating both the health-economic and clinical effects of NMD treatment as well as disease management programs and benchmarking activities are necessary...

..Large scale randomized controlled trials examining efficacy and safety of antidepressants in PD patients are urgently required...

..CONCLUSIONS: Our results underscore the importance of nonmotor symptoms on HRQoL in patients with stroke...

..The comparability of existing studies is limited...

..The numerous actions of physiological autoantibodies as well as their regulation and origin are summarized in this review...

..To estimate costs of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a German cohort according to severity of the disease and clinical symptoms...

..Therefore, there is an urgent need for studies that evaluate direct and indirect costs in a standardized fashion...

..There is a lack of the generic data comparing the influence of different diseases on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in a representative sample of primary care patients...

..Copper deficiency has been described as resulting in severe neurological impairment. However, mechanisms underlying a copper deficiency are presently unknown...

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..This article provides an overview of this field of research and focuses on recent advances in biomarker research in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease...

..This study evaluates the awareness and the knowledge of the German practice guideline for Parkinson's disease among neurologists...

..The mood questionnaire also had high sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the PANDA is an economical, easy-to-use and sensitive tool to detect neuropsychological dysfunctions in PD patients in clinical practice...

..Further results of the clinical trials and new antibody-based approaches will shed light on the importance of Aβ and its removal in AD...

..Adverse events were similar across treatment groups. Perampanel treatment was well tolerated and safe, but failed to achieve statistical significance in primary and secondary endpoints...

..The results will show whether the application of NAbs will change the fate of the disease. This chapter summarizes our current knowledge on NAbs against Aβ...

..Since the resource utilization on regular neurological wards is widely unknown, we determined the costs for acute stroke care on regular neurological wards to compare both treatment settings...

..These data suggest that MIF is a skeletal muscle cytokine with probable functions beyond inflammatory pathology in the complex regenerative response to muscle fiber damage...

..This study provides evidence that intravenous immunoglobulin or purified Abeta antibodies may modify Abeta and Abeta(1-42) levels, suggesting potential utility as a therapy for Alzheimer disease...

..Because these disorders pose a major challenge to patients, families, and health care systems, there is a need for reliable data about the future number of affected people...

..Novel head-to-head comparisons considering the actual treatment guidelines are necessary to identify the most cost-effective alternative in treating de novo Parkinson's disease patients...

..This study indicates that the antiinflammatory agent CNI-1493 can ameliorate the pathophysiology and cognitive defects in a murine model of AD...

..The objective was to investigate the genetic markers related to obesity genes FTO and MC4R and the gene of type 2 diabetes mellitus TCF7L2 for their contribution to risk of stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA)...

..The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of research on ToM abilities in basal ganglia disorders, especially Parkinson's Disease and related disorders...

..This review provides an overview of the involvement of MIF in both autoimmune disorders and tumorigenesis and summarizes the molecular action of MIF in this context...

..This article gives a summary of Lewy's life and briefly presents his contribution to German and American neurology...

..The Parkinsonian patient should benefit from the scientific progress in the treatment of PD. This will improve quality of life and at least decrease the indirect costs of PD on the long term...

..Prevalence estimates of these complications are quite variable and are lacking for the outpatient care sector...

..However, disability continues to deteriorate with advancing disease and with the development of disease complications that are likely to be related to additional extrastriatal pathology...