G Northoff

..Although pedophilic patients are sexually attracted to prepubescent children, they show no sexual interest toward adults. This study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of deficits of sexual and emotional arousal in pedophiles...

..Such a modulation of orbito-frontal cortical emotional function by lorazepam has to be distinguished from its effects on cortical motor function as being independent from the kind of processing either emotional or nonemotional...

..These findings suggest that the degree to which subjects recruit the VMPFC during affective judgment is related to beneficial performance in decision making in gambling...

..The question of the self has intrigued philosophers and psychologists for a long time. More recently distinct concepts of self have also been suggested in neuroscience more specifically in neuroimaging...

..Reciprocal modulation and attenuation in medial and lateral prefrontal cortex might constitute the neurophysiologic basis for emotional-cognitive interaction as observed in both healthy and psychiatric subjects...

..Because we investigated postacute patients, orbitofrontal cortical alterations may be interpreted as a trait marker predisposing for development of catatonic syndrome in schizophrenic or affective psychosis...

..It is concluded that current progress in the neurosciences could complement and change the way in which we approach ethical problems in neuropsychiatry...

..We conclude that self-referential processing in CMS constitutes the core of our self and is critical for elaborating experiential feelings of self, uniting several distinct concepts evident in current neuroscience...

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..Differential and stronger response to lorazepam in catatonia suggests dysfunction in inhibitory control of cortical motor function with increased gaba-ergic sensitivity...

..Such a functional dissociation between medial and lateral orbito-frontal/prefrontal cortex during negative and positive emotional processing lends further support to the assumption of a functional subdivision in the orbitofrontal cortex...

..The benzodiazepine receptor distribution was therefore investigated in akinetic catatonia with single photon emission tomography (SPECT) using iodine-123-iomazenil ((123) I Iomazenil)...

..The data suggest attentional-motor and fronto-parietal dysfunction in catatonia, a conclusion which should be considered as preliminary, however, due to the small sample size...

..It is concluded that First-Person-Neuroscience can contribute to reveal abnormal brain function in psychiatric disorders and ultimately to development of diagnostic and therapeutic markers...

..Our data suggest effects of relatively long duration (approximately 100 ms) when TMS is applied while functional neuronal activity evolves...

..This lends further support to the presumed involvement of these regions in processing internally-oriented self-relatedness as distinguished from externally-oriented self-relatedness...

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..The reductions of parvalbumin-positive thalamocortical projection neurons were not correlated with the length of disease, this finding supporting the neurodevelopmental etiology of structural abnormalities in schizophrenia...

..In sum, our findings indicate sustained recruitment of the reward system during self-relatedness. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the reward-based nature of our self...

..This is consistent with the idea that alpha desynchronization serves an integrative role through a corticocortical "gating function."..

..Finally therapeutic implications that could be derived from these results will be presented, showing up putative possibilities for diagnosis and treatment of depressive syndromes...

..e. orbitofrontal) enlargement. Catatonic schizophrenia, the most severe sub-type with regard to clinical symptomatology and brain pathology, showed fronto-parietal cortical alterations...

..Also taking into account other reports, this therapeutic window can be defined as being between about 70 and 220 ng/ml. The assay of serum levels of At can be used to lower the risk of unsatisfactory therapeutic outcome...

..Consequently, one may characterize catatonia as a cortical "psychomotor syndrome" while NMS may rather be regarded as subcortical "motor syndrome"...

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..Our findings show that default-mode network negative BOLD responses during emotions are mediated by GABA...

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..This enhancement effect is not present in neutral pictures and might parallel accentuated subjective feeling states...

..No differences were found in these effects when comparing females and males. Our findings demonstrate for the first time neural differentiation between emotional and sexual components in the neural network underlying sexual arousal...

..Recent data suggest that SRP is operating via a central integrative neural system made up of subcortical-cortical midline structures (SCMSs), that are homologous across mammalian species...

..The findings provide a novel approach by which to distinguish culture-sensitive from culture-invariant neural mechanisms of human cognition...

..Our findings demonstrate a functionally relevant lateralization of the prefrontal contribution to affective go/no-go tasks...

..This dissociation may reflect a distinction between anticipatory and perceptive components of emotional stimulus processing...

..We conclude that the psychological concept of emotional valence may be related to neural processing in cortical midline regions...

..It can therefore be concluded that ego pathology must be distinguished from positive and negative symptoms in both underlying neuropsychological dysfunction and predisposing changes in personality...

..Further studies are needed to determine whether the present paradigm could be used to predict antidepressant treatment success or to individualize stimulation parameters according to specific pathology...

..All of these subfunctions are related to distinct regions within the CMS. This relationship between self-referential processing and CMS might provide novel insight into the neural correlates underlying the constitution of the self...

..We therefore conducted an fMRI study using the NMDA antagonist ketamine in healthy human subjects during episodic memory retrieval, which is supposed to activate the posterior cingulate...

..In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest a specific deficit in catatonic schizophrenia in those neuropsychological measures that are associated with ventral prefrontal cortical function...

..In conclusion, our results indicate segregated neural representation of the different emotion dimensions in different prefrontal cortical regions...

..We conclude that such a process could contribute to a paradigm shift in forensic psychiatry, which will have profound implications for offenders, forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, the law and society in general...

..Taken together, the present results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a moderate volume reduction in the left mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, while the neuron density and the total neuron number are unchanged...

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..However, the role of alterations in brain structures that are crucial in the development of sexual behavior has not yet been systematically studied in pedophilic subjects...