Peter Malfertheiner

..Guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori, which cover indications for management and treatment strategies, were produced in 2000...

..The molecular knowledge regarding changes in the expression of growth factors in pancreatic cancer has the potential to improve diagnostic and therapeutic treatment strategies in the near future...

..The aim is to document the psychometric characteristics of the German translation of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Quality of Life in Reflux and Dyspepsia (QOLRAD) questionnaire...

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..The major issue for the future resides within the epidemic of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. How to diagnose, categorize and treat this condition and how to identify and prevent neoplasia, are the challenges of the new century...

..Helicobacter pylori infection has been proposed as a protective factor against the development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease...

..To study the efficacy of three pantoprazole-based triple therapy regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric ulcer healing...

..pylori infection put out by the European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group (EHPSG) in Maastricht take account of the present state of our knowledge of the significance of H. pylori eradication...

..To assess whether the eradication of Helicobacter pylori leads to long-term relief of symptoms in functional dyspepsia...

..Available data on this issue, including follow up of a small patient series, are presented, but more studies are required to shed light on this issue because they will help to identify those patients that need surveillance...

..The critical question is whether eradication of H pylori has a more beneficial, harmful, or simply no effect on the course of GORD...

..However, following therapy failure beyond a second treatment attempt requires antibiotic resistance testing. New drugs and adjuvant agents have been reported but their efficacy needs further evaluation...

..This paper addresses the symptoms, diseases and complications in which the abnormal reflux of gastric content to the oesophagus and adjacent organ systems is believed to be a frequent contributory factor...

..It is difficult to clearly delineate the spectrum of GERD based on the clinical, endoscopic, and pathophysiologic characteristics, but therapeutic trials and follow-up studies suggest that GERD is not composed of different conditions...

..Optimized inhibition of acid secretion with proton pump inhibitors has made it possible to both prevent and cure ulcers in the stomach and duodenum caused by NSAR agents...

..The third case demonstrated that it can be difficult to make a definitive diagnosis based on clinical symptoms, and that patients with endoscopy-negative reflux disease usually respond well to PPI therapy...

..To study the efficacy of omeprazole triple therapy in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with active gastric ulcer, and to assess healing and relapse of gastric ulcer...

..The evidence supporting the use of these therapies has been substantiated in large clinical trials that were recently completed...

..We report on factors influencing endoscopic healing and symptom resolution during the acute treatment phase...

..This study provides support for the recommendations of Maastricht 2, which found that H. pylori eradication is an appropriate therapeutic option for functional dyspepsia...

..Successful eradication should always be confirmed by urea breath test or an endoscopy-based test if endoscopy is clinically indicated. Stool antigen test is the alternative if urea breath test is not available...

..Although no correlation of cathepsin X expression and TNM stage was found, our study demonstrates that cathepsin X plays a role not only in the chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa but also in the tumourigenesis of gastric cancer...

..Because bacterial products are suggested to be the key pathogenic agents triggering IBD, inhibition of the NOD/RICK pathway may serve as a novel target of future therapies in human IBD...

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..pylori status or to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression. The expression of TFF3 at the cardia may represent an adaptation to GERD and precede the development of Barrett's esophagus...

..pylori-infected subjects has a functional relevance for gastric mucosa and the H. pylori-induced decrease in SLPI is primarily regulated at the posttranslational level...

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..03). CONCLUSION: The local downregulation of SLPI in antral mucosa is specifically linked to H. pylori infection and is not a general phenomenon of gastric inflammation...

..To investigate the prevalence of H pylori associated corpus-predominant gastritis (CPG) or pangastritis, severe atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in patients without any significant abnormal findings during upper-GI endoscopy...

..Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with impaired epithelial barrier function. This study was aimed at investigating the role of desmosomal proteins in relation to GERD...

..Recently, a local down-regulation of antral SLPI expression in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected healthy volunteers was demonstrated...

..This indicates that HSP27 expression is critical for mucosal protection in the stomach...

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..pylori) antibodies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether serum markers correlate with and predict gastric atrophy in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients...

..Aim of this study was to assess the performance of these serological tests in the presence of gastric neoplasia...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) for the detection of the primary tumor in patients with NET...

..This indicates the special requirement, particularly of the esophagogastric junction, for TFF3-triggered protection and repair...

..Here, it was investigated whether the presence of GERD was associated with changes of mucosal SLPI expression...

..Polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta gene (IL1B-511C>T) are considered as risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis, but conflicting data have been reported recently...

..Our study provides further evidence that the ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism may be linked to the development of early gastric cancer...

..These results suggest an involvement of the COX-LOX pathway in gastric carcinogenesis...

..FOXP3 was shown to be expressed in a subset of Treg cells known as 'naturally occurring Treg cells'. These cells have not been sufficiently studied in context to H. pylori-induced inflammation in human gastric mucosa...

..This study aimed to evaluate the expression of PAR-2 in human esophageal mucosa of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in relation to mucosal alterations...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose aspirin on the induction of duodenal erosions, the expression of cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin (PG)-E(2) levels in healthy subjects according to their H. pylori status...

..We investigated the impact of promoter methylation on APC protein expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

..reflux-caused metaplasia...

..003). Thus, we consider DAPK inactivation by promoter hypermethylation as an early event in Barrett's carcinogenesis and suggest that a decreased protein expression of DAPK likely plays a role in the development and progression of BA...

..Herein, we evaluated CDKN2A promoter methylation and p16 protein expression for the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other liver tumors...

..Alternative therapies in the palliative situation are somatostatin analogs, a classic systemic chemotherapy, or locoregional interventional procedures...

..Immunohistochemistry revealed specific expression of cathepsin X (macrophages), cathepsin K (parietal cells) and cathepsin W (lymphocytes), whereas cathepsins B and L were predominantly expressed in epithelial cells...

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..Therefore, the effect of low-dose aspirin on gastrointestinal SLPI expression was analyzed in the context of H. pylori infection...

..The aim was to investigate the binding patterns of lectins UEA-I, DBA, HPA and PNA at the squamocolumnar junction in relation to the existence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection...

..This proves that complete-type intestinal metaplasia may arise not only in the stomach, but also in the esophagus. Esophageal intestinalization seems to reflect adaptation to enteric reflux...

..Quality of life was similar in both groups. In this small series of pancreatic cancer patients, treatment with imatinib was not associated with a significant control of cancer progression...

..We discuss the role of these agents in the causes of ulcer disease and therapeutic and preventive strategies for drug-induced ulcers. The rare but increasingly problematic H pylori-negative NSAID-negative ulcer is also examined...

..Lectins represent a group of specific carbohydrate binding proteins that can be used as sensitive tools for the analysis of glycosylation patterns...

..To investigate a pathophysiological role of cathepsin W (CatW), a putative thiol-dependent cysteine protease, which is specifically expressed in cytotoxic lymphocytes, in different types of chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa...

..The aim of this article is to review the role of endoscopy in elderly patients, paying special emphasis on indications, special precautions and specific interventions...

..Regulatory T cells have been demonstrated for H. pylori-induced gastritis, whereas their role has not been studied in GERD...

..Despite evidence for the association of distal gastric cancer (GC) with the H. pylori infection, relevance of the infection for proximal GC is uncertain...

..In conclusion, using global gene expression analysis together with inhibition of DNA methylation, we demonstrate that hypermethylation of the promoters of certain cancer-related genes may play a role in cancer metastasis...

..In the present study, we aimed to substantiate the putative significance of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) on gastric cancer biology by investigating the influence of its gene polymorphism on gastric cancer progression...

..DAPK (0.54 on average) and FHIT methylation (0.77 on average) were also observed in NT samples. This might constitute an early epigenetic precursor lesion in the normally-appearing tissue surrounding the tumor...

..Thus, attention should also be given to potential targets for prevention strategies that might arrest or delay the progression of BE to EAC. This article focuses on known and postulated targets for prevention of distal esophageal cancer...

..Beta-catenin (beta-catenin) participates in intercellular adhesion and is an integral part of the Wnt signaling pathway. The role of beta-catenin in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and its metastasis is largely unknown...

..Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are highly prevalent in the general population as does gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Therefore, it is expected that these conditions may frequently overlap...

..Progressive loss of TFF1 and TFF2, together with the induction of TFF3, is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step gastric carcinogenesis pathway...

..DISCUSSION: These results suggest that reinfection is not dependent on the H. pylori prevalence in family members and that H. pylori reinfection after successful eradication therapy is an unlikely event...

..Combining well-defined animal models with proteome analysis will improve our understanding of the fundamental changes that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis and the formation of metastases in gastric cancer...

..CDX2 is an epithelial transcription factor that regulates intestinal differentiation and is involved in the development of intestinal metaplasia (IM)...

..Proton pump inhibitor-based therapy including two antibiotics is the treatment of choice for Helicobacter pylori infection. Oral antibiotic treatment can lead to intestinal overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria...

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..Its use for the characterization of celiac and Crohn's disease appears to be limited. Overall, FICE may become a useful method that aids in characterization and provides new insights to small-bowel pathologies...

..11 optical density, giving a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 93.9%. CONCLUSION: The HpSA test is a valid test for the assessment of H. pylori status after eradication therapy, provided an adjusted cut-off value is applied...

..If both Clopidogrel and PPI need to be prescribed, a split dosage regimen of PPI in the morning and clopidogrel in the evening can be recommended. The short half-life of both medications explains the rationale of this recommendation...

..Furazolidone in the PPI-B-T-F combination does not have a cross-resistance potential to metronidazole and is a promising salvage option after a failed PPI-B-T-M regimen...

..Antral prostaglandin-E(2)-basal levels appear to be critical for development of aspirin-induced gastric damage in subjects without H. pylori infection...

..Main topics of this overview are the principles and the therapeutic proceeding in the management of Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. The differences between duodenal and gastric ulcer are especially dealt with...

..In patients using proton pump inhibitors for GERD, H. pylori eradication leads to a resolution of their corpus-predominant pangastritis, without impairing the efficacy of PPI therapy...

..The association between interleukin-1 polymorphisms, H. pylori and increased gastric cancer risk remains controversial...

..To identify changes of liver function after single-fraction irradiation or yttrium-90 radioembolization ((90)Y-RE) of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver cirrhosis on the basis of laboratory data...

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..Therefore, one of the major goals in clinical pancreatology is to find molecular markers, specific and sensitive enough to make an early and correct diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, before it has disseminated and become untreatable...

..Endoscopic mucosal tumor resection (EMR) is a new minimal invasive procedure for local tumor resection with excellent outcome in a well selected subset of patients...

..Serological tests have a lower diagnostic accuracy and should only be used for screening of H. pylori infection or after careful local validation...

..Gastrin and pepsinogens reflect the functional state of the gastric mucosa...

..CONCLUSIONS: The eradication of H. pylori infection cures both gastric and duodenal ulcer, and the cure rates are similar. This suggests that H. pylori is the key factor in peptic ulcer disease independent of the ulcer site...

..The differences between positive and negative results obtained with the FemtoLab H. pyloritrade mark are greater in comparison to the Premier Platinum HpSA EIAtrade mark and therefore this test system allows a better distinction...

..28; 95% CI=0.11-0.71). Thus, gene polymorphisms of the RFC gene might contribute to an increased risk of developing distal gastric cancer...

..Confusion exists among physicians about the management of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. We aimed to survey primary care physicians' (PCP) knowledge and management of H. pylori-related diseases...

..04). In summary, we observed frequent TIMP-3 promoter methylation in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach and the loss of TIMP-3 expression seems to be of clinical and prognostic relevance in these cancers...

..Indication, timing and consequences of the methods applied need to be carefully considered and incorporated into clinical assessments to avoid costs and harm to the patient...

..TFF3 might therefore have important physiological functions in the stomach, e.g. as a luminal surveillance peptide maintaining particularly the integrity of the antral and pyloric mucosa...

..Taken together, this study demonstrated for the fist time that a genetic variant and a novel isoform of cathepsin W are present in about 14% and 12%, respectively, within the Caucasian population...