Thomas Muller

..Delayed infusion reactions resembling serum sickness-type reactions (type III reaction) are commonly reported in other monoclonal antibody therapies (eg, infliximab and rituximab), but are not described yet for natalizumab...

..These lower 5-HT levels reduce the hypothalamic function and, via the corticotropin axis, the subsequent peripheral cortisol release. Thus, levodopa-induced cortisol decrease may be related to PD progression...

..e. folic acid administration in the case of levodopa-associated homocysteine elevation...

..These outcomes may result from improved non dopaminergic neurotransmission due to budipine. Placebo caused better results of dopamine sensitive tests, since placebo may release endogenous dopamine...

..They have a structure similar to 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine or its ion 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, both of which are known to induce PD-like motor symptoms...

..Our results suggest, that budipine administration provides an antiapoptotic environment and slows neuronal apoptotic and inflammatory mediated loss of neurons...

..To investigate efficacy and safety of St. John's wort (SJW) LI 160 in somatoform disorders...

..This antiacid scenario may support a better muscle function with a positive impact on muscle excitability and contractibility...

..It will also support the concept of a clinically effective pharmacological intervention on a disease process, which is also more and more demanded by the health authorities for drug approval...

..Parkinsonian patients have difficulty in the preparation and execution of movements, which translate into delayed performance of simple reaction time (SRT) paradigms...

..Levodopa metabolism via catechol O-methyltransferase increases levels of the neurotoxin homocysteine, which induces an axonal-accentuated degeneration in sensory peripheral nerves in vitro...

..Previous long-term dopaminergic substitution may cause a certain tolerance to this phenomenon...

..Our study shows a more stable LD plasma behavior during LCE intake and accordingly a better effect on motor symptoms according to rating outcomes and motor test results to a lesser extent...

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..Clinically, our findings support an early start of long-term treatment with selegiline in view of the various neurotoxin hypotheses and mechanisms of neuronal death in chronic neurodegenerative disorders...

..Treatment of dyskinesia was looked upon as not satisfactory, fractionating of levodopa dose was used as first choice therapeutic option of dyskinesia...

..This hypothetically causes an reduced 5-HT content in neurons projecting to the hypothalamic structures, which are involved in the partial 5-HT dependent central regulation of peripheral cortisol release...

..It also gives an overview of existing and potential future treatment-strategies for the management of these troublesome treatment complications that affect motor behaviour in PD patients...

..The Parkinsonian patient should benefit from the scientific progress in the treatment of PD. This will improve quality of life and at least decrease the indirect costs of PD on the long term...

..A possible strategy to prolong plasma metabolism of Levodopa/Carbidopa (LD/CD) is Entacapone addition (EN), which improves impaired motor behaviour in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)...

..A further therapeutic alternative is inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransfrase (COMT) on a regular basis, when levodopa/DDI treatment is performed...

..LD/CD/EN was superior to LD/CD regarding the attention related components of line tracing probably due to a hypothetically increased dopamine occurrence at the prefrontal cortex, which guides human behaviour...

..This might additionally have caused the significant faster GH release during exercise...

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..An impact of EN on 3-OMD levels appeared. A possibly augmented LD absorption and a prolonged LD metabolism after EN supplementation may contribute to a more continuous LD delivery to the brain...

..This study was conducted to determine the effect of an inpatient setting (a specialised Parkinson's disease clinic) on drug therapy costs and patient symptoms...

..This improves dissolution and absorption of acids and salts. Thus it may enhance absorption of LD itself...

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..52, p = 0.0006) correlated to 3-OMD. Homocysteine induces vascular disease. Previous studies showed an increase of ischaemic heart- and cerebrovascular disease in treated parkinsonian patients...

..These plasma fluctuations support alternating stimulation of striatal postsynaptic dopamine receptors and thus onset of motor complications. They are significant components for the quality of treatment of PD patients...

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..002) and analogously (ii) scored intensity of PD (P=0.002). A relation between computed differences of FMT error scores and rated activities of daily living appeared. Deterioration of color vision progresses in PD...

..Nevertheless, this review tries to provide a survey of possible therapeutic options for the treatment of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease other the dopamine-sensitive motor features...

..To date, no trial considered putative effects of dopaminergic substitution on SRT performance in PP...

..SAH with its short half-life did not differ. Levodopa/DDI long-term treatment contributes to altered levels of substrates of the O-methylation cycle in PP...

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..We found a significant increase of Cmax of levodopa after the addition of tolcapone. This may represent one cause for the occurrence of dyskinesia previously early in the course of treatment with tolcapone...

..We conclude, that central accumulation of R-NMSAL, which is neurotoxic to dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, is not due to elevated synthesis of R-SAL and/or S-SAL in PD...

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..There is a move towards treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in specialized units, however, data on the outcome and on daily antiparkinsonian drug costs are rare...

..016) lower in patients with better peg insertion outcome. A significant (Spearman R=0.47, p=0.012) correlation between peg insertion results and the FMT error scores appeared. Motor impairment influences FMT error scores in PD patients...

..07). We suggest diagnostic acute challenge test performance with LD as first- and A as second choice due to better tolerability and valuation in combination with repeated scoring procedures to improve sensitivity and specifity...

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..48, P=0.008) better improvement of FMT performance compared with placebo. Our results indicate a moderate beneficial effect of oral CoQ(10) supplementation in PD patients...

..Since peg insertion depends on more complex movements and thus more dopamine dependent cognitive processes, it improved after application of the indirect dopaminomimetic substance amantadine...

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..This may result from an exercise induced increase in endogenous dopamine synthesis. As a result, beneficial effects on movement and reactivity may occur...

..Measurements of homocysteine should consider acute repeated levodopa/DDI applications, as homocysteine and metabolically related 3-O-methyldopa accumulate due to their long plasma half-life in contrast to short-living levodopa...

..Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is an electron acceptor bridging mitochondrial complexes I and II/III and a potent antioxidant that consistently partially recovers the function of dopaminergic neurons...

..Therefore, peripheral COMT inhibition may have a beneficial effect on putative, controversially debated components of homocysteine-related progression of PD...

..Because the protein Huntingtin interacts with the homocysteine metabolism modulating enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase, we hypothesize that homocysteine promotes neurodegeneration in HD...

..The purpose of this study was to examine whether glucocorticoid effects on neuronal cytoskeleton, which we have shown previously at 0.87 gestation when the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis matures, are age-dependent and reversible...

..Since cortisol improves muscle function, the lack of increase in maximal grip strength following LD administration during exercise may contribute to reduced exercise capacity, which is reported by PD patients...

..We conclude, that instrumental assessment of complex movement sequences is an additional simple method to follow impairment in HD patients in addition to clinical rating...

..This may slow the progression of PD and delay the onset of MC, both of which represent unmet needs in the treatment of PD patients...

..We conclude that a transcriptional network operates in maturing dorsal horn neurons that coordinately determines transmitter and peptidergic fate...

..Cysteine decrease may result from an up regulation of GSH synthesis to encounter augmented appearance of free radicals associated with LD turnover via mitochondrial monoaminooxidase...

..7) correlation between LD and 3-OMD. thcys ascent was observed in relation with the onset of atherosclerosis, non-motor symptoms and polyneuropathy in PD patients in the long term...

..91; P = 0.44), accordingly L-dopa accumulation was better in Group I than in Group II. Thus, in conclusion, L-dopa metabolism is an important component for homocysteine elevation after one time L-dopa/DDI administration in PD patients...

..Moderate exercise increases clinical efficacy of LD...

..Cys-Gly decay may result from the alternative transformation of glutathione to its oxidized form glutathione dissulfide as consequence of free radical scavenging...

..There are controversial results on the efficacy of the abandoned, intrathecal predominant methylprednisolone application in multiple sclerosis (MS) in contrast to the proven effectiveness in intractable postherpetic neuralgia...

..Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of budipine on motor symptoms in insufficiently treated patients with Parkinson disease...

..However, rare variants of the NF-M gene may act as susceptibility factors for PD and functional analyses of the identified variations are warranted to decipher possible mechanisms in neurodegeneration...

..Instrumental test results significantly correlated with both UHDRS scores at each assessment. Assessment of simple movement sequences is an additional simple method to follow impairment in patients with HD in addition to clinical rating...

..The maximum plasma levodopa concentration did not differ (ANCOVA: F(1.19) = 1.17, P = 0.29). Long-term levodopa administration results in an increased levodopa plasma bioavailability in PD patients...

..This may result from deteriorated peripheral activity of levodopa metabolising enzymes or an increasing enteric dysfunction with subsequent better duodenal levodopa absorption or both...

..This altered performance of diadochokinetic movements corresponds to the clinical motor symptoms of PD patients and differs from healthy controls...

..These findings warrant future consideration and further investigation of possible central inhibitory effects of dopaminergic therapy in functional imaging studies in PD...

..The correlation outcomes support the view that LD/DCI intake may also increase cysteine...

..This study aimed to investigate whether the positive evaluation of other people's bodies is due to difficulties in the recognition of flaws in attractive features of others...

..Future studies on the efficacy of antiparkinsonian drugs, using instrumental tasks for objective assessment, should consider long-term impact of antiparkinsonian drug therapy and associated cognitive efforts...

..We have shown that a prior change to an oral levodopa monotherapy and a slow titration of duodenal levodopa infusion may be skipped and a direct switch to duodenal levodopa is a safe option...

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..No serious side effects occurred. We conclude that repeated intrathecal TCA injection provides substantial benefit for progressive MS patients with predominantly spinal symptoms...

..Therefore peg insertion particularly reflects executive dysfunction in early HD and additionally motor impairment in advanced HD...

..We found T in position -511 in the IL-1 beta gene more frequent in patients compared to controls (chi(2)=4.44, P=0.034). For the IL-1 alpha-889 polymorphism no significant difference between patients and controls was observed...

..Results of our applied instrumental tool measure impaired movement performance, which is not specific for HD, but reflects the various methods assessed and the slowly evolving symptoms of the degenerative process in HD...

..It was not accompanied by neuronal damage and was reversible within 24h. In conclusion, fetal betamethasone exposure induces a gestational age-dependent decrease of synaptic density that is transient and more severe in younger fetuses...

..The observed changes seem to be correlated with ethanol intake, because the elevated POMC mRNA amounts found in lymphocytes of alcoholics after admission to the hospital were already declining after the detoxification period...

..87 of gestation. We conclude that the cerebrovascular effects of antenatal glucocorticoids are independent of cerebrovascular maturation and preparturient increase in activity of the fetal pituitary-adrenal axis...