Matthias L Schroeter

..In summary, our findings indicate frontal dysfunction and impairments of neurovascular coupling in cerebral microangiopathy...

..It is characterized by deep alterations in behavior and personality. We conducted a systematic and quantitative meta-analysis to examine its neural correlates and place the disease in a framework of cognitive neuropsychiatry...

..By 'triple dissociating' frontotemporal lobar degenerations into three clinicoanatomical prototypes, the study contributes to placing these disorders in cognitive neuropsychiatry and suggests a respective nosology...

..Impairments in the imitation-inhibition task may indicate alterations in an anterior frontomedian neural network even years after traumatic brain injury...

..By isolating predictive markers it enables successful treatment strategies in the future and contributes to standardized imaging inclusion criteria for Alzheimer's disease as suggested for future diagnostic systems...

..Our study underlines the importance of the inferior frontal junction area for cognitive control in general and for executive deficits in early dementia...

..Recently, it was shown by histopathological studies that mood disorders are characterized by disease-specific glial pathology...

..Results suggest that increases of serum S100B are related to active secretion of S100B by astrocytes in combination with blood-brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia...

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..In conclusion, our study is the first one supporting the common practice of ignoring circadian variability in functional imaging studies...

..These results were confirmed by simultaneous fMRI/fNIRS measurements during rest. In conclusion, multimodal imaging approaches may contribute to the understanding of neurovascular coupling...

..Whereas in young subjects with mood disorders, glial cell density or glial cell numbers are reduced, they are increased in elderly subjects...

..Hence, CMA accelerates microvascular changes due to aging, leading to impairments of autoregulation...

..While cerebellar normalization seems to be more sensitive for early diagnosis, cerebral global normalization might be superior for differential diagnostic purposes in dementia syndromes...

..Our study contributes to the understanding of behavioral deficits in early dementia and suggests specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches...

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..Whether S100B is elevated due to injured astrocytes and a disrupted blood-brain barrier, or by active secretion of S100B by astrocytes, has to be clarified by further studies...

..51, rho< 0.005). Elevated serum S100B during depressive and manic episodes of mood disorders may indicate alterations of astrocytes, which are reversed by antidepressive treatment...

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..Summarizing results, randomized event-related cognitive fNIRS studies enable short ITIs particularly if changes in deoxy-Hb are considered...

..In conclusion, our results indicate that neuromaturational processes regarding resolution of Stroop interference may depend on increased ability to recruit frontal neural resources...

..This hypothesis might be further explored in studies involving larger patient groups...

..In summary, our findings suggest that aging decreases the hemodynamic response in the frontal association cortex during functional activation, omitting the primary motor cortex...

..Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a specific serum marker for neuronal damage. However, the specificity of these biomarkers for cell type and brain region has not been investigated in vivo until now...

..We aimed at dissociating the neural correlates of memory disorders in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)...

..Notably, elevated S100B+ NK cell counts may be linked with stress axis activation...

..Reduction of spontaneous low-frequency oscillations might indicate a declining spontaneous activity in microvascular smooth muscle cells, in conjunction with an increased vessel stiffness with aging...

..Future studies on obesity-related functional and structural brain changes should therefore account for sex-related differences...

..Further, these parameters were correlated with the behavioral performance. In conclusion, brain activity may be studied by NIRS using cognitive stimuli in an event-related design. Hum. Brain Mapping 17:61-71, 2002...

..Moreover, there is no consistent evidence for a correlation between disease severity and concentrations of S100B in CSF or serum. Therefore, S100B has limited usefulness for monitoring disease progression...

..We found a clear distinction between speeded and nonspeeded executive measures in relationship to imaging parameters. Cognitive slowing is related to disease severity in early CMA and therefore important for early diagnostics...

..Accordingly, the approach might improve and extend the application of these methods in clinical neurosciences...

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..Based on these findings, a potential confound in GM and WM or ventricular volume studies due to the subjects' hydration state cannot be excluded and should be appropriately addressed in morphometric studies of the brain...

..We strongly advocate quantitatively controlling for motor performance to reach more reliable and robust analyses in fMRI with PD patients...

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..Furthermore, it is difficult to evaluate from a merely qualitative literature review what regional brain changes in volume and activation are robust across depressed patient samples and consistent across imaging centers...

..The total acquisition time of each sequence was adjusted to about 12.5 min. The results indicate that the ISSS approach exhibits the highest sensitivity in detecting subtle activity in sub-cortical brain regions...

..S100B can be regarded as a potential diagnostic biomarker for mood disorders and as a biomarker for successful antidepressive treatment...

..In conclusion, physiological S100B levels in humans appear to closely reflect adipose tissue mass, which should therefore be considered as an important confounding factor in clinical studies examining the role of S100B...

..Further, middle-aged subjects showed generally a greater magnitude of the hemodynamic response, resulting in greater percent signal changes...

..5 T seems to be sufficient for this purpose. MRI at 3 T may be appropriate if there is a strong clinical suspicion of DAI, despite unremarkable routine MRI, and possibly also if evidence of DAI is sought after a long interval from trauma...

..Incidence, prevalence, and clinical impact of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) are unknown. There are no standardized recommendations for screening...

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..The case report adds to the limited information about potential organic geneses of belching. Implications for possible medical therapies are discussed...

..Blood and CSF analyses were positive for Toxocara canis IgG Western-blot, but were otherwise unremarkable. The case report raises the question whether there are chronic or late variants of this disease...

..The findings indicate that NIRS is suitable for the functional identification of prefrontal activation during the inhibition of initiated responses and provide further support for the contribution of the PFC to response inhibition...

..The results suggest that microalbuminuria in Type 2 diabetes reflects a generalized disturbance of microvascular function related to endothelium-dependent mechanisms...

..The measurement of phenylephrine-induced approxiamtely 0.1-Hz microvascular oscillation may represent a useful non-invasive tool with which to study the effects of treatment strategies on the diabetic small fiber neuropathy...