R Lieb

..This article examines the associations between DSM-IV social phobia and parental psychopathology, parenting style, and characteristics of family functioning in a representative community sample of adolescents...

..This study evaluated the associations between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in mothers and various aspects of suicidality in their offspring in a representative community sample...

..Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available...

..To investigate the relationship between ecstasy use and mental disorders in a representative sample of adolescents and young adults...

..Our findings suggest that clinical features of major depression may indicate familial subtypes of the disorder, most evident for recurrence and impairment...

..Our findings show that maternal smoking predicts escalation of smoking, development of nicotine dependence, and stability of smoking behavior in children. Implications for specific intervention and prevention efforts are discussed...

..This article examines associations between DSM-IV depressive disorders, their natural course, other psychopathology, and parental major depression in a community sample of adolescents and young adults...

..Special design features are the linkage with a family supplement (EDSP-FS) as well as neurobiological laboratory studies of high-risk subjects...

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..Investigation of key family, environmental, and individual factors associated with the onset of panic attacks, especially in youth, may be an important direction for future research...

..The natural course of cannabis use is quite variable: about half of all cannabis users stopped their use spontaneously in their twenties, others report occasional or more frequent use of cannabis...

..This polymorphism results in an amino acid exchange in the C-terminal cytosolic domain of the P2RX7 channel protein, suggesting that the observed P2RX7 polymorphism might play a causal role in the development of depression...

..We confirmed and expanded previous results from clinical samples that comorbid PD and AG aggregate in families. AG without PD is not familial, but it might enhance the familial transmission of PD...

..Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and the potential value of targeted early treatment of primary panic and social phobia to prevent secondary alcohol use disorders...

..Causal attributions of patients suggest that a considerable proportion of the excess morbidity for depression and panic disorder might be due to RLS symptomatology...

..43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). In conclusion, these results suggest a central role of DBI genetic variants in the susceptibility for the development of anxiety disorders that are characterized by the occurrence of panic attacks...

..However, we could not exclude the existence of a second, less frequent, reverse pathway of prior panic and secondary nicotine dependence...

..These effects are relatively small; however, it must be kept in mind that this study focussed on assessing young adults with moderate drug use from a population-based study...

..These results further underline a possible important role of genetic variations within the system controlling serotonergic neurotransmission for the development and course of disease in PD...

..These findings support a central role of genes regulating the HPA axis in the causality of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs...

..Severe and melancholic MDD reveal a considerable high degree of familiar aggregation making the search for mechanisms involved in the familiar transmission of these forms of MDD particularly promising...

..TMEM132D may thus be an important new candidate gene for PD as well as more generally for anxiety-related behavior...

..The temporal relationship between smoking and suicidality is not yet clear. This article examines associations between smoking and suicidality and their temporal ordering of onset...

..To present lifetime rates of service use for psychological and substance use related problems among regular substance users and to examine factors associated with service use...

..There is growing evidence that major depressive disorder (MDD) might be overdiagnosed at the expense of bipolar disorder (BPD)...

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..These results suggest that the ACE gene is involved in the development of coping strategies...

..Patterns of onset, cohort trends, and use of various substance classes are also analyzed...

..This region contains two candidate genes for purinergic ligand-gated ion channels, P2RX7 and P2RX4, and one gene coding for calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase b (CaMKKb)...

..Two studies observed some indications for suicide attempts in young offspring of mothers (and fathers) who had attempted suicide compared with offspring of mothers who had no suicidality...

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..Furthermore, GAL is involved in hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic signalling and cosecreted with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), possibly acting as a mediator of estrogen action...

..These data suggest that polymorphisms in the AVPR1B and the CRHR1 genes alter the susceptibility to panic disorder...

..The current study estimated rates and risk factors associated with stability and variation in cannabis use patterns, cannabis abuse and cannabis dependence in a community sample over a 10-year period...

..These results suggest that the type of maternal anxiety disorder and its severity of manifestation contribute to mother-offspring aggregation of anxiety...

..To examine the association between separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and mental disorders in a community sample and to evaluate whether separation anxiety is specifically related to panic disorder with and without agoraphobia...

..To explore the role of cannabis use for the availability of ecstasy as a potential pathway to subsequent first ecstasy use...

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..The authors examined determinants of remission and chronicity of PTSD and associations with other disorders in a prospective community sample...

..Non-participation and drop-out may introduce a bias whose magnitude depends on how strongly its determinants are related to the respective parameter of interest...

..5). No associations could be found between prior mania/hypo-mania and incident suicide attempts. The prospective analyses revealed a remarkable relationship between preexisting mania and increased risk for subsequent suicidal ideation...

..On the other hand, adjustment for such variables can also be a source of underestimation because such variables may be the causal consequence of X and part of the mechanism that leads from X to Y...

..To examine prospectively over a period of 4 years the profile of cannabis dependence and the risk of specific dependence criteria in a community sample of adolescents...

..To determine incidence and patterns of natural course of ecstasy/stimulant/hallucinogen (ESH) use and disorders as well as cohort effects in a community sample of adolescents and young adults...

..Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype...

..To determine risk factors of incident onset of use, abuse and dependence of cannabis in a community sample of adolescents and young adults...

..Though, the majority of users are not involved in heavy use. This study investigates the association between moderate use and cognition in a population-based sample...

..Although positive effects of physical activity on mental health indicators have been reported, the relationship between physical activity and the development of specific mental disorders is unclear...

..Overall, the GHS core survey and its mental health supplement provide the mental health research community with complex data that allow for high-quality analysis of mental disorders and associations with somatic disorders...

..The mechanisms by which premorbid psychiatric disorders promote exposure to traumatic events are unknown. Better understanding of these pathways may lead to novel strategies for primary and secondary prevention of PTSD...

..The interpretation of this key epidemiological finding crucially depends on whether similar age-related sex differences exist in the expression of associated, subclinical psychosis-like experiences...

..One-third of all baseline suicide attempters did not report their suicide attempt again at the four years later assessment. In particular, 80% of all nonreporters were female, and almost 60% were aged 14-17 at baseline...

..CONCLUSIONS: The association between life events and the course of depression appears to vary according to the outcome being examined, with different clusters of life events differentially predicting onset, improvement, and stability...

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..The aim of the current study is to prospectively examine the 10-year natural course of PA, PD and AG in the first three decades of life, their stability and their reciprocal transitions...

..Other causal influences may be required to make the transition to schizophrenia in adult life...

..To review the available epidemiological evidence on associations between somatoform disorders with anxiety and depressive disorders...

..CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic events and pre-existing anxiety disorders are risk factors for the development of PMDD. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, making further investigation necessary...

..The environment may impact on risk for psychotic disorder by causing an abnormal persistence of a developmentally common expression of psychotic experiences...

..Whereas the role of externalizing disorders is relatively well established in predicting the onset of cannabis use (CU) or cannabis use disorder (CUD), the status of anxiety and mood disorders in predicting CU and CUD remains controversial...

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..Multiple bias modelling, if properly used, reveals the necessity for a better understanding of bias, suggesting a need to conduct larger and more adequate validation studies on instruments that are used to diagnose mental disorders...

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..With this new type of graph, more specific information can be displayed whenever the data are essentially described only with statistical main- and two-way interaction effects...

..To investigate the relation between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms in individuals with above average predisposition for psychosis who first used cannabis during adolescence...

..8% in those without (adjusted test for difference between these two effect sizes: chi2=4.6, P=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to psychological trauma may increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in people vulnerable to psychosis...

..The psychometric properties of the German RSRI were found to be comparable to those of the English version. The applicability of this questionnaire in German-speaking countries is therefore recommended for adolescents and young adults...