Christoph Kayser

..Attentional selection biases the processing of higher visual areas to particular parts of a scene. Recent experiments show how stimulation of neurons in the frontal eye fields can mimic this process...

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..Taken together, these findings suggest that different LFP bands represent dynamic natural stimuli on distinct time scales and together provide a potentially rich source of information for sensory processing or decoding brain activity...

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..Only then will we be able to determine whether early cross-modal interactions truly merit the label sensory integration, and how they increase a sensory system's ability to scrutinize its environment and finally aid behavior...

..Together, these findings reveal multisensory modulation of auditory processing prominently in caudal fields but also at the lowest stages of auditory cortical processing...

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..These neurons thus meet the criteria for sensory integration and provide the auditory modality with multisensory contextual information about co-occurring environmental events...

..In any case, our results demonstrate that different primate sensory systems rely on common principles for extracting relevant sensory events...

..These findings demonstrates that multisensory integration occurs early and close to primary sensory areas and--because it occurs in anaesthetized animals--suggests that this integration is mediated by preattentive bottom-up mechanisms...

..In addition, they propose a role of slow cortical rhythms in stabilizing sensory representations by reducing effects of noise...

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..In addition, they highlight the importance of millisecond-precise neural coding as general functional principle of auditory processing--from the periphery to cortex...

..While these results confirm the notion of the claustrum as a multisensory structure per se, they argue against the hypothesis of the claustrum serving as an integrator of sensory information...

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..Importantly, our results provide a neural counterpart for the human imaging and lesion findings and uncover a basis for a supposed role of the insula in processing vocal communication sounds such as speech...

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..The results reveal the neurophysiological bases for fMRI-defined voice clusters in the primate brain and highlight potential differences in how the auditory and visual systems generate selective representations of communication signals...

..We propose that the spatial summation of LFP and MUA is determined by the size of these signals' generators and the nature of neural events underlying them, rather than by biophysical properties of gray matter...

..Furthermore, they highlight a role for apparently unselective neurons as an early saliency signal that provides a temporal reference for extracting stimulus information from other neurons...

..We consider the choice of imaging paradigm as a key component in optimizing the fMRI of the monkey auditory cortex...

..Altogether our findings suggest that cross-modal influences in such simple detection tasks are not exclusively mediated by hard-wired sensory integration but rather point to a prominent role for cognitive and attention-like effects...

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..The findings can now guide neurophysiological recordings in the monkey to expand our understanding of the processing within these fields. Additionally, this work will improve fMRI investigations of the human auditory cortex...

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..These results suggest that area 21a is concerned with the analysis of spatial features but lacks a faithful representation of temporal features. Hence, they foster the hypothesis that cortical area 21a is part of a ventral form pathway...

..Thus, to operate economically, cortical neurons should either employ a labeled-line code or, if using pooled responses, be highly selective in choosing afferents...

..This suggests temporal organization in neural mass activity beyond oscillations and draws attention to ubiquitous but often ignored arrhythmic patterns in neural activity...

..These findings support a neural basis for stimulus selective and entrained EEG phase patterns and reveal a level of interrelation between encephalographic signals and neural firing beyond simple amplitude covariations in both signals...

..These results question theories, which suggest that initial fixations are driven by stimulus structure whereas later fixations are determined by informative scene content...

..Together, these findings demonstrate that higher visual representations in the STS not only convey information about the visual input but also depend on the acoustic context of a visual scene...

..Thereby, sounds can directly suppress V1 activity and visual driven behavior...

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..These fluctuations are important characteristics of visual activity under natural conditions and impose limitations on the readout of possible differences in mean activity levels...

..Hence, the population of complex cells in the primary visual cortex can be described as forming an optimally stable representation of natural stimuli...

..The proposed objective thus successfully leads to the segregation of neurons into complementary populations that are either selective for colour or orientation...

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..This model lends a physiologically based explanation of the development of complex cell invariance response properties...

..Concluding, these results support the notion that interareal interactions are more related to an expectancy state rather than to processing of stimulus structure...

..This highlights the fact that the visual system is specifically adapted to the properties of its everyday input and can only fully be understood when probed with naturalistic stimuli...

..This dissociation of BOLD and spiking activity is most prominent upon stimulation with natural stimuli...

..This suggests an early interaction of target-selecting and gaze-stabilizing saccades. Thus, we argue for a more integrated view in humans of the different eye movement systems...

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..Controls with randomly shuffled natural stimuli and pink noise demonstrate that the match of simulation and experimental results depends on the higher-order statistical properties of natural stimuli...

..In conclusion, the specific choice of the sparse prior is relevant, as is the choice of additional constraints, such as normalization of variance...

..These results present electrophysiological evidence for saccadic suppression at the level of primary and higher visual cortex under natural conditions...