M Ising

..After both dosages GH increased whereas ACTH and cortisol remained unchanged. This study confirms that systemic GHRH impairs sleep in women...

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..In the present study, we examined whether change in HPA system function during the first weeks of hospitalization predicts response to antidepressant treatment in major depression and thus constitutes a potential biomarker...

..We conducted a longitudinal high-risk study to identify psychometric vulnerability markers for affective disorders...

..Our results suggest that a dysregulated HPA system indicated by this function test can rather be regarded as a neurobiological scar developing during the course of affective disorders...

..This reaction pattern suggests that subjects carrying these variants are at risk of displaying chronically elevated cortisol levels after repeated stress constituting a risk factor for stress-related diseases...

..Further systematic research is required and already ongoing to confirm the suitability of the combined dex/CRH test as a surrogate marker in depression...

..The psychotropic effects observed in the clinical studies underscore that CRH1 antagonists constitute a novel treatment of depression and anxiety but may also serve to prevent negative sequelae of severe stressors...

..NBI-34041 demonstrates that inhibition of the CRF system is a promising target for drug development against depression and anxiety disorders...

..This, together with the use of new text--and information-mining tools, will bring us closer to integrating all the findings into sophisticated models delineating the pathways from genes to stress response and stress-related disorders...

..In male patients, a single measure of HPA-axis dysregulation at admission may serve as a predictor of response to antidepressant treatment in addition to the previously reported repeated measure of the Dex-CRH test...

..To identify clinical variables and genetic variations within monoaminergic genes known to be implicated in pain perception that are associated with the occurrence of somatization symptoms in patients with major depression...

..Hence, an exaggerated cortisol response in the combined DEX/CRH test predicts the recurrence of depressive psychopathology. The test performance can be further optimized if gender and age are taken into account...

..Identifying depressed patients at high risk for MetS using genetic variants could have direct clinical impact on individualized disease management and prevention strategies...

..TMEM132D may thus be an important new candidate gene for PD as well as more generally for anxiety-related behavior...

..These findings support a central role of genes regulating the HPA axis in the causality of depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs...

..This polymorphism results in an amino acid exchange in the C-terminal cytosolic domain of the P2RX7 channel protein, suggesting that the observed P2RX7 polymorphism might play a causal role in the development of depression...

..A weight gain of approximately 3 kg was observed. This unique profile of changes is compatible with the action of mirtazapine at 5-HT-2 receptors, at presynaptic adrenergic alpha 2 receptors, at the HPA system, and on ghrelin and leptin...

..In delusional depression HPA overactivity is more distinct than in other subtypes of depression. HPA suppression is thought to contribute to the action of trimipramine...

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..Moreover, it is predictive for the onset of a psychiatric disorder. Therefore, it can be recommended as a possible endophenotype of these diseases...

..Hence, we aimed at examining whether patients with prolactinomas exhibit modified personality patterns compared to patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas and healthy controls...

..Impaired divided attention capacity can be explained either by reduced attentional resources or impaired activation and/or top-down control of attentional resources by the central executive...

..We demonstrated that this subgroup can be characterized by a set of demographic, clinical and neuroendocrine variables allowing to predict unfavorable outcome at an early stage of treatment...

..In view of the GABAergic inhibition of HPA system activity and the anxiogenic effect of CRH, benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms may be partly due to a disinhibition of the HPA system during discontinuation of benzodiazepines...

..Genetic factors and clinical characteristics contribute to the failure of a favorable treatment outcome...

..43; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95). In conclusion, these results suggest a central role of DBI genetic variants in the susceptibility for the development of anxiety disorders that are characterized by the occurrence of panic attacks...

..Recently, associations of several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CLEC16A gene with multiple sclerosis (MS), type-I diabetes, and primary adrenal insufficiency were reported...

..These results further underline a possible important role of genetic variations within the system controlling serotonergic neurotransmission for the development and course of disease in PD...

..So far data on the involvement of the HPA axis in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior in depressed patients are controversial...

..However, differences in the suppression effects and psychopathological correlation patterns between depressed and panic patients suggest different biological mechanisms of HPA system dysregulation in both disorders...

..These data indicate a high load of genetic variance within SLC6A1 on pathological anxiety and highlight GAT-1 as a promising target for treatment of anxiety disorders with panic symptoms...

..We could show that SNP rs4291 influences ACE activity and HPA-axis hyperactivity and might therefore represent a common pathophysiologic link for unipolar depression and cardiovascular disease...

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..The sample was composed of high-risk families participating in the Munich Vulnerability Study and genetic association analyses were calculated using qfam (family-based association tests for quantitative traits) implemented in PLINK 1.05...

..Such personality changes should be taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of CD patients, as they might interfere with the patient-physician communication and/or challenge the patients' social and psychological functioning...

..Central side effects may depend on a substance's ability to pass the blood-brain barrier, which can be actively controlled by transporter molecules such as the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) encoded by the ABCB1 gene...

..Whereas the effects of SD on ghrelin levels were relatively weak, our findings are in line with the hypothesis that ghrelin is a sleep-promoting factor in humans. Ghrelin may be involved in sleep promotion after SD...

..Finally, more severe vegetative symptoms are associated with an enhanced HPA-axis activity...

..Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype...

..We examined whether patients with acromegaly showed an altered personality profile compared with patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas and healthy controls...

..These results confirm earlier studies regarding the comorbidities of depression and support the hypothesis that activation of the TNF-alpha system may contribute to the development of a depressive disorder...

..These data suggest that polymorphisms in the AVPR1B and the CRHR1 genes alter the susceptibility to panic disorder...

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..Ongoing follow up investigations of HRPs will clarify whether the observed increase in sigma EEG activity during nonREM sleep is of clinical relevance with respect to the likelihood to develop an affective disorder...

..These results suggest that the ACE gene is involved in the development of coping strategies...

..The reported associations in independent samples of AD and MDD support an estrogen-dependent function of GAL in pathophysiology of anxiety and depression, affecting response to antidepressant treatment...

..Moreover, multivoxel 1H MRS may enable an objective staging of the neurodegenerative process underlying the age-dependent cognitive deficits eventually leading to dementia...

..No peak in plasma ghrelin levels resembling the GH surge was observed. We suggest that under naturalistic conditions plasma ghrelin levels show no distinct interaction with sleep...

..No effects of R121919 on clinical laboratory parameters including liver enzymes, EEG and ECG were observed. These results encourage the development of other CRH-1-R antagonists as a novel class of antidepressive drugs...

..Our results confirm that dex/CRH tests can be used as predictors of clinical course also under mirtazapine treatment...

..These could be a first step into personalized medicine using treatments tailored to the specific pathology of the patients...

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..In addition, we assessed the effects on the psychopathological status of the patients...

..However, data from expression studies imply that these polymorphisms could tag functional effects on the neighboring gene MYO3A, which is also expressed in the brain, including the cingulate cortex and the amygdala...

..To elucidate the impact of weight on the course of depression beyond comorbidity, we investigated psychopathology, attention, neuroendocrinology, weight change, and treatment response in MDD patients, depending on their weight...

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..CONCLUSIONS: The increased REM density in high-risk subjects for an affective disorder at index investigation was stable over time, so that one of the requirements for a true vulnerability marker is fulfilled...

..This study examines the associations between HPA system regulation, cognitive functioning, and psychopathology in depressed inpatients on admission and at discharge...

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..Furthermore, GAL is involved in hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic signalling and cosecreted with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), possibly acting as a mediator of estrogen action...

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..The normalization of the HPA system as a common mode of action of different antidepressants seems to be of special interest...

..This finding can be viewed as a further step into personalized antidepressant treatment...

..The results of the clinical studies underscore that CRH(1) receptor antagonists represent promising novel therapeutics in the psychopharmacology of depression and anxiety...

..These associations, however, are not unidimensional, but dependent on the kind of sleep parameters as well as on the selection of the subjects...

..This region contains two candidate genes for purinergic ligand-gated ion channels, P2RX7 and P2RX4, and one gene coding for calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase b (CaMKKb)...

..1 to 1.5. The discovery and validation of new genetic risk factors in independent populations may help toward the understanding of MS pathogenesis by providing valuable information on biological pathways to be investigated...

..Although glucose tolerance improved under mirtazapine treatment, insulin sensitivity was still impaired and remained significantly lower in patients compared to controls...

..Furthermore, ghrelin appears to be a common stimulus of the somatotropic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical systems. It appears that ghrelin is a sleep-promoting factor in humans...

..CONCLUSIONS: Soluble amyloid precursor protein/APLP2 and alpha-sAPP concentrations in CSF can differentiate between DAT and MCI versus MDE, facilitating early ameliorative interventions and appropriate treatment regimens...

..No SNPs outside the HLA region reached a genome wide level of significance. Nevertheless, we found suggestive evidence for an association of MS with variants in two new genes, the VAV2 gene and the gene for ZNF433...

..Our data suggest that i.v. ghrelin stimulates appetite and images of food in young women and men. Obviously, leptin is not involved in these effects...

..Together with previous findings indicating safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy CRH1R antagonists are highly promising as a new treatment option in depression...

..2. Proteomic analysis of the CSF is a promising non hypothesis-driven screening method for the detection of new candidate genes in neurobiological suicide research...

..This effect might be explained by the serotonergic effects of lithium...

..Glucocorticoids themselves are reported to increase leptin synthesis and secretion in humans...

..This is in contrast to the established decline of HPA system activity during treatment with tricyclic antidepressants...

..The N363S and BclI polymorphisms have been associated with hypersensitivity to glucocorticoids, whereas the ER22/23EK polymorphism is related to glucocorticoid resistance...

..A number of personality traits were assessed in order to provide a basis for a psychobiological model of suicidal behavior...

..These disturbances may reflect important mechanisms responsible of causing and maintaining the disease process of depression...

..Results of this study should be confirmed in a larger study group...