Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology

..Surprisingly, one of these induction methods produces osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and also endothelial cells in the same culture dish. Hence, it is likely that ESCs in culture mimic the in vivo development of osteoclasts...

..tuberculosis. Our findings identify Rab33A as a T cell regulatory molecule in TB and suggest its involvement in disease processes...

..Despite great efforts, however, Koch failed to conquer tuberculosis, which still causes enormous health problems worldwide 100 years after his Nobel award...

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..To determine the efficacy of room fumigation with vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) in decontamination of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

..These data support the notion that pilus-mediated gonococcal infection of epithelial cells can occur in a CD46-independent manner, thus questioning the function of CD46 as an essential pilus receptor for pathogenic neisseriae...

..We have constructed a recombinant BCG vaccine which, compared with wild-type BCG, induces superior protection not only against laboratory strains but also against clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis...

..Furthermore, it is shown that the power of the MPI approach strongly depends on distinct factors, most notably on the complexity of the proteome analyzed and accuracy of the mass spectrometer used for peptide mass determination...

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..The success of these significant but costly processes depends upon intelligent functional RNA design and the development of high-throughput compatible in silico selection tools and filters...

..A new vaccine should elicit a better immune response than the natural infection and reliably protect from TB disease, regardless if given prior or post infection with M. tuberculosis...

..Our findings suggest that CD8alphabeta(+) TCRgammadelta cells can develop in the intestine independently of a functional thymus/thymic epithelial cells and that they perform biological functions in situ...

..We describe transcriptional regulation of ER-resident stress proteins, their involvement in the cellular response to infection and discuss their potential as vaccine candidates against infectious diseases...

..For clinical trials, biomarkers need to be defined with T cells alternating between lung and periphery as prime indicator cells...

..tuberculosis infection. Taken together, we propose the detour pathway to represent a genuine immunological mechanism mediating crosspriming of CD8 T cells in vivo and protection against tuberculosis...

..The relevance of these proteins as factors enabling intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis is being discussed...

..The live mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis show great promise, but face a myriad of regulatory challenges...

..Ultimately, vaccination strategies that achieve sterile eradication of, or prevent infection with, tubercle bacilli would be an ambitious highly promising goal...

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..The review covers the current knowledge on the mitochondrial targeting and import of bacterial pathogenicity factors...

..The identified proteins were characterized with regard to biological functions and physicochemical properties providing further evidence for the high efficiency of the prefractionation method described herein...

..Eukaryotic organisms are only able to obtain fixed nitrogen through their symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes. These symbioses involve a variety of host organisms, including animals, plants, fungi and protists...

..We succeeded in triggering gene silencing by siRNA in prokaryotic cells. This opens promising perspectives regarding validation of prokaryotic gene functions...

..An sRNA-OMP network is emerging in which some sRNAs act specifically on a single omp mRNA, whereas others control multiple omp mRNA targets...

..The goal for the future would be to have these novel vaccine candidates tested in different combinations to facilitate the design of the most efficacious vaccination protocol...

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..Artificial infectious systems can be useful for successive and penetrative tissue targeting...

..In conclusion, LFA-1 regulates type 1 immune responses by controlling prompt infiltration of IL-12-producing granulocytes into sites of inflammation...

..In summary, the response to S. typhimurium involves both T and B cell-mediated immunity, and mechanisms mediated by both lymphocyte populations are important for control of primary infection and protection against secondary infection...

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..typhimurium involved both B cell-dependent and -independent effector mechanisms. Thus, B cell-mediated immunity plays a distinct role in control of S. typhimurium in susceptible mice...

..pylori encoding the cag pathogenicity island...

..This report demonstrates that CD8 T cells with defined antigen specificity cause intestinal inflammation, emphasizing a link between infection and autoimmune disease...

..This review will present the recent advances and discuss the potential of caspase inhibitors as future therapeutics...

..Recent data demonstrating direct killing of intracellular bacteria by granulysin, a protein released from the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, emphasize the contribution of these lymphocytes to the control of tuberculosis...

..This suggests that sTNF-R regulatory activities are partially impaired in patients with leprosy...

..This sequence shares homology with double-stranded rolling circle origin (dso) or transfer origin (oriT) nicking motifs from bacterial plasmids. mp1 is the first described rolling circle plasmid in eukaryotes...

..Thus, pathogenic mycobacteria and their glycolipids may influence hemopoiesis by rapidly inducing IL-4 secretion in the bone marrow...

..Our results indicate that Ngo induce the activation of proinflammatory cytokines via a cascade of cellular stress response kinases involving PAK, which directs the signal from the Rho family of small GTPases to JNK/AP-1 activation...

..Such vaccines will not only contribute to control of infectious agents, but also allow novel strategies towards therapy of tumors, autoimmune disease and allergy...

..Activation of NF-kappaB and cytokine mRNA upregulation also occur in Ngo-infected epithelial cells that were treated with cytochalasin D, indicating an extracellular signaling induced before invasion...

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..A comparison of male and female mice suggests a sexual dimorphism in the extent of bacterial colonization that is particularly evident in the absence of the IL-4Ralpha chain...

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..It remains, however, elusive whether NK cells, NKT cells or both are involved in the induction of endotoxic shock. This review will focus on the relative contribution of these NK1+ cells to the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock...

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..However, for both mutants, ultimate clearance of bacteria from infected mice depended on alphabeta T cells...

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..Thus a single TCR is not only sufficient for crossrecognition with peptides that share minimal sequence homology, moreover this promiscuous TCR reactivity accounts also for immunopathology as recently shown...

..Hence, LPS-induced shock can be induced in the absence of V alpha 14(+)NKT cells and IFN-gamma from NK cells is involved in this mechanism. In WT mice, hierarchic contribution of different cell populations appears likely...

..mp1 is a unique eukaryotic plasmid that expresses features of phages like T4 and could serve as a model system for replication and maintenance of DNA concatemers...

..We conclude that IIGP exerts a distinct role in IFN-induced intracellular membrane trafficking or processing...

..The following article reviews our knowledge about both pathogen and host mechanisms involved in the immune response to M. tuberculosis...

..enterica infections. This multidisciplinary research will enhance our understanding of the basic mechanisms of bacterial infections and immunity; it also provides new approaches towards therapeutic and control measures...

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..However, Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells generated in the absence of CD28 differentiated into normal effector and memory T cells...

..Immunoproteomics identifies specific and nonspecific antigens. For the management of the huge data amounts, bioinformatics is a valuable instrument for the construction of complex protein databases...

..It is concluded that somatic 5- to 30-kDa protein ligands from O. volvulus stimulate Vdelta1+ T cells and that Vdelta1+ T cells play a role in immunity to O. volvulus...

..We will compare in animals experimentally infected with either wild type or non-pathogenic strains of S. flexneri, the induction of apoptosis in intestinal macrophages and other cell types. ..

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