A Mansouri

..abstract:..

..Furthermore, Sp8 is required during corticogenesis to sustain a normal progenitor pool, and to control preplate splitting, as well as the specification of cellular diversity within distinct cortical layers...

..2-deficient pancreata. Hence in order to precise the functional link between both factors we performed a comparative analysis of Nkx2.2/Arx single- and double-mutants but also of Pax6-deficient animals...

..We also assess its spatiotemporal relationship with Pax3 during embryonic development...

..The data indicate that mBtd represents a novel key player mediating proximodistal outgrowth of the limb...

..Additionally, recent experimental in vivo and in vitro approaches have led to the identification of molecules that interact with Pax proteins...

..We propose that although Pax3 function is related to cell surface properties, its role may differ in various tissues. In fact, apoptosis was found in Pax3-deficient cells of the lateral dermomyotome but not in the neural tube...

..Our findings reveal two distinct regulatory pathways for spinal cord neurogenesis, only one of which is dependent on Pax3/7 and 6...

..In particular, they are involved in the regulation of early steps in organ development. They act to define the regional specification of distinct germ layers...

..1 upstream of Pax9 in the caudolateral sclerotome. Our results further indicate that Uncx4.1 may be involved in the differential cell adhesion properties of the somite...

..No obvious phenotype could be detected in the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. Functional redundancy between Pax7 and Pax3 is discussed...

..Our results indicate that Id2 has an essential role in the generation of peripheral lymphoid organs and NK cells...

..Furthermore, the hypothalamic mammillary body of Fkh5-deficient brains lacks the medial mammillary nucleus. These results suggest that Fkh5 plays a major role during CNS development...

..The temporal and spatial expression pattern suggests that Uncx4.1 may play an important role in kidney development and in the differentiation of the sclerotome and the nervous system...

..Furthermore, we provide evidence that cell proliferation in the mid- and hindbrain is tightly controlled by Sp8 activity. Our observations are consistent with a role for Sp8 in restricting Fgf8 expression at the IsO...

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..In this study, we aimed to investigate differentiated mouse ES cells regarding their in vivo development and fate after transplantation in the striatum in the 6-OHDA rat model and the behavioral changes induced after transplantation...

..Interestingly, the differentiated cells must contain a tumorigenic cell population that is not present among ES cells and which might be resistant to NK cell-mediated killing...

..This review focuses on the mechanisms regulating the morphogenesis of the pancreas with particular emphasis on recent findings concerning the transcription factor hierarchy orchestrating endocrine cell fate allocation...

..Finally, our data provide evidence that both Arx and Pax4 act as transcriptional repressors that control the expression level of one another, thereby mediating proper endocrine fate allocation...

..We propose that the antagonistic functions of Arx and Pax4 for proper islet cell specification are related to the pancreatic levels of the respective transcripts...

..Furthermore, an emphasis is made on beta-cell regeneration and the determinants implicated...

..Although the observed phenotype is in accordance with the late expression domains of goosecoid in wild-type embryos, we suggest that the lack of an earlier phenotype is the result of functional compensation by other genes...

..These results provide important insights into the complex mechanisms underlying proper pancreatic endocrine cell allocation and cell identity acquisition...

..Furthermore, this procedure permits the isolation of neural stem cell lines from mouse ES cells...

..Furthermore, an emphasize is made on beta-cell regeneration and the determinants implicated...

..IA1 is therefore a novel Ngn3-regulated factor required for normal differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells...

..Genetic interaction of Pax3 with Tbx18 and the closely related T-box gene Tbx15 was also observed in the development of the scapula blade, indicating an additional cooperative function for these genes in the paraxial mesoderm...

..In conclusion, we provide the first evidence of gene expression programs, controlled by a hierarchy of transcription factors expressed in the thyroid presumptive gut domain and directing the progression of thyroid morphogenesis...

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..Altogether, these results highlight the critical functions of Arx in promoting neural migration and regulating basal ganglia differentiation in mice, consistent with the phenotype of XLAG patients...

..After 5 weeks, two out of fifteen graft recipients had tumors indicating that pre-differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells using this differentiation protocol is not sufficient to prevent tumor formation...

..These findings contribute elucidating the genetic hierarchy that likely underlies the etiology of a variety of human neurodevelopmental disorders...

..Pax8/TRalpha compound mutants can survive to adulthood, and the expression of target genes is partially restored. This demonstrates the importance of TRalpha aporeceptor activity in several aspects of postnatal development...

..In conclusion, these findings show dramatic age and thyroid state-dependent changes in the expression of deiodinases in central and peripheral tissues of mice during the first 3 wk of life...

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..Transgenic mice derived from these ES cells permit the targeting of GFP-expression to specific tissues and provide material from the three germ layers suitable for molecular and biochemical analysis...

..Lhx1 and Lhx5 therefore function together with Pax2, Pax5 and Pax8 to establish a GABAergic inhibitory-neurotransmitter program in dorsal horn interneurons...

..These findings underline the importance of cell survival in controlling the stem cell populations of adult tissues and demonstrate a role for upstream factors in this context...

..These results show that TD can be of multigenic origin in mice and strongly suggest that a similar pathogenic mechanism may be observed in humans...