U Darsow

..The specificity of APT is higher than the specificity of skin prick tests or RAST. More studies for the standardization of APT methods are necessary, especially with regard to food APT...

..The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Management of AD must consider the symptomatic variability of the disease...

..Systemic antihistamines (H1) may relieve pruritus but do not have sufficient effect on eczema. Adjuvant therapy includes UV irradiation preferably of UVA1 wavelength. "Eczema school" educational programs have been proven to be helpful...

..This article summarizes theoretical aspects and recent results of clinical trials associated with ASIT in atopic eczema...

..Nickel is a frequently detected cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Ingestion of nickel may lead to flares of nickel contact dermatitis...

..In the concept of eczema patient management, the therapy of clinical pruritus has to consider pathophysiology and perception by combining topical and systemic treatment...

..Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. 'Eczema school' educational programmes have proved to be helpful...

..In the concept of patient management, the therapy of clinical pruritus has to consider origin and perception of itch, namely the skin and the central nervous system, by combining topical and systemic treatment...

..This article reviews the theoretical problems and practical results associated with allergen-specific immunotherapy in atopic eczema...

..The characterization of a patient subgroup with relevant IgE-mediated allergy may lead to more efficient avoidance and perhaps even specific immunotherapy strategies in the management of atopic eczema...

..Other areas may be involved in emotional processing of sensations. Skin reactions wheal and flare also had significantly activated covariate areas in the central nervous system.J Invest Dermatol 115:1029-1033 2000..

..CARD15 polymorphisms have been associated with Crohn's disease. Recently, associations with atopic phenotypes have been reported in children...

..We investigated the effect of acupuncture on type I hypersensitivity itch and skin reaction in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial...

..The aim of this study was to use an evaluated itch stimulus model in lesional (LS) and nonlesional (NLS) atopic eczema (AE) skin and to characterize cerebral responses using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...

..In contrast to pain activation studies, no subcortical (i.e. thalamic) activations were detected and correlation analyses suggest differences in subjective processing of the two sensations...

..Eczema school' educational programs have been proven to be helpful. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients need additional antipruritic therapies...

..02). It is concluded that measurement of skin surface pH, corneometry and profilometry are useful non-invasive techniques to objectively assess skin dryness in epidemiological studies regarding atopic skin disease...

..Our study evaluated acupuncture and antihistamine itch therapy (cetirizine) on type I hypersensitivity itch and skin reaction in AD using a patient and examiner-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial...

..Timothy pollen-specific IgE (sIgE) determinations might assist in predicting the clinical reactivity in patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC)...

..As no gold standard for aeroallergen provocation in AE exists, the relevance of aeroallergens for AE flares may be evaluated by APT in addition to SPT and sIgE. The data may contribute to the international standardization of the APT...

..Flow cytometric basophil activation tests (BAT) have been developed as cellular tests for in vitro diagnosis of IgE-mediated reactions. Different markers and techniques have been used after stimulation with various allergens...

..Different activation markers (CD63 or CD203c) with distinct ways of regulation have been used after stimulation with various allergens...

..In human exposure studies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been shown to cause exacerbations of allergic asthma whereas, no data concerning atopic eczema (AE) are available...

..The new findings have given rise to a possible new classification of eczema/dermatitis. The concept of "patient management," including all aspects from avoidance to therapy, has gained acceptance...

..In conclusion, the complete description of itch has to consider different factors, which may be described on a more general level by three main components. Two of these are correlated with objective criteria of disease activity...

..Learning objective Upon completing this paper, the reader should be aware of new developments in AE, especially on nomenclature, prevention strategies, diagnostic tests, as well as therapeutic options...

..Eczema school' educational programs have been proven to be helpful. Pruritus is targeted with the majority of the recommended therapies, but some patients need additional antipruritic therapies...

..Novel strategies for therapy and prevention of chronicity may also result from understanding the role of increased secretion of nerve growth factor in atopic eczema and psoriasis...

..Available data suggest that long-term application of TCIs is safe, that there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk and that it is ethical to treat patients with TCIs when indicated...

..The present case report strongly suggests that there may be a correlation between the long-term exposure to hydrazine and an increased risk for multiple BCCs...

..Among candidate genes in this region is STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription), which is essential for Th2 cell differentiation, recruitment, and effector function...

..In vitro studies, animal experiments, and human exposure studies have shown how ambient air pollution increases the risk of atopic diseases. However, results derived from observational studies are inconsistent...

..05). CONCLUSION: Two single doses of 750 mg mepolizumab did not result in clinical success in patients with AD, despite a significant decrease in peripheral blood eosinophils...

..The proposed clinical classification is oriented at the clinical appearance of the patients and differentiates between disorders with or without primary or secondary skin lesions...

..This overview may serve as reference for the practising doctor and suggests a GA(2)LEN Pan-European core SPT panel...

..This position paper also points out the need for future research on the clinical use of the APT...

..Previously, we reported that mepolizumab treatment did not result in clinical improvement in AD. The current study investigates the effect of mepolizumab therapy on the APT in the same patients...