Ulrike Muscha Steckelings

..This article summarizes highlights of the oral sessions, workshops and keynote lectures...

..This article comments the review by Verdonk et al., suggests some additional possible indications, and particularly re-reviews whether there is preclinical in vivo evidence for adverse effects of AT2 receptor agonists...

..This article is intending to review those publications which address AT2R function by direct in-vivo stimulation instead of indirect approaches such as receptor blockade or genetic alteration of AT2R expression...

..The present article reviews the emerging knowledge about cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular effects of the RAS with an emphasis on the mechanisms of RAS involvement and pharmacological RAS inhibition in diabetic end organ damage...

..These data suggest that pharmacological AT(2) receptor stimulation may be an orally applicable future therapeutic approach in pathological settings requiring the reduction of interleukin 6 or inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB...

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..Angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors are expressed in human skin. Furthermore, AT2 receptors have been reported to be upregulated during tissue repair and remodelling in various noncutaneous human tissues...

..The present review summarizes the current knowledge of AT2 receptor distribution, signaling and function with an emphasis on growth/anti-growth, differentiation and the regeneration of neuronal tissue...

..In all of these models, AT2-receptor mediated anti-inflammation seemed an important underlying mechanism. C21 is awaited to enter a phase I clinical study in 2011...

..These insights into the causes of unsatisfactory hypertension control may help to direct future educational programmes designed to improve hypertension management specifically to these deficits and thereby to improve control rates...

..Moreover, it provides an overview of the first results obtained by direct AT(2) receptor stimulation with Compound 21, comprising effects on alkaline secretion, neurite outgrowth, blood pressure and post-infarct cardiac function...

..The newly discovered targets have functions beyond the cardiovascular system opening up novel therapeutic areas for drugs interfering with RAAS components...

..Finally, it will give a brief outlook into new possibilities in AT(2) receptor research and in the potential utilization of AT(2) receptor stimulation as a novel pharmacological concept in anti-inflammation...

..Taken together, our data suggest that in humans, RAS activation is not just a key-player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but that a further increasing activation may be involved in the transition from atherosclerosis to AAA...

..These findings suggest that the complete renin-angiotensin system is present in human skin and plays a role in normal cutaneous homeostasis as well as in human cutaneous wound healing...

..The model presented here thus provides a potentially relevant tool to further clarify the interaction of dermal mast cells with major other skin cells and their contribution to cutaneous physiology, repair processes, and pathology...

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..However, in this experimental setting, hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy seemed to depend on blood pressure elevation rather than on the expression of AT1 receptors in the heart...

..This study is the first to examine the effect of direct angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor stimulation on postinfarct cardiac function with the use of the novel nonpeptide AT(2) receptor agonist compound 21 (C21)...

..We tested the effects of ceftriaxone on mortality, neurological outcome, and infarct size in experimental stroke in rats and looked for underlying mechanisms...

..These findings suggest that genetic kininogen deficiency renders vascular tissue prone to aneurysmatic but not to atherosclerotic lesions...