M Obladen

..Hyperoxia triggers maturation-dependent apoptosis in immature and pre-OLs and involves caspase activation. This mechanism may be relevant to the white matter injury observed in infants born preterm...

..A prospective observational study to investigate hematologic alterations during the first 3 months of life in HIV-exposed uninfected infants subjected to antiretroviral medication before and after birth...

..When artificial feeding lost its threat thanks to sewage disposal, improved plumbing, the introduction of rubber teats, cooling facilities and commercial formula, wet nursing declined towards the end of the 19th century...

..With the advent of positional plagiocephaly following the back-to-sleep campaign, head shaping has regained acceptance and is now being widely used again...

..Despite the growing body of evidence linking sociodemographic variables with preterm delivery, little is known as to how this may be extrapolated to the risk of very low birthweight...

..We investigated whether concentrations of NGF and NT-3 are increased in the CSF of children with hydrocephalus...

..After the discovery of prostaglandins by Bergstrom and Vane, Coceani proved that ductal patency is maintained by the relaxant action of prostaglandins...

..We hypothesized that in term infants low Apgar score with normal umbilical artery pH (UApH) indicates prenatal damage to the neuromuscular system...

..With the advent of ultrasound and laser techniques, prenatal diagnosis and treatment became available in the last decade of the 20(th) century...

..Indirect techniques like that of Silvester or the Schultze swingings gained widespread acceptance and prevailed until the First World War. Modern ventilators were developed following the poliomyelitis epidemics in the 20th century...

..Instead of assessing an infant's individual prognosis, and ignoring its gender, co-morbidities, and particular cause of premature delivery, these rules frequently relied on gestational age alone to initiate or withhold life support...

..Continuous distending airway pressure for oxygen administration was available at the beginning of the 20th century, but was not widely accepted. Alkali and analeptic drugs gained widespread but short-lived use after the Second World War...

..Today, it is assumed that both mechanisms may exist. With the advent of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and radiofrequency ablation of the acardiac twin's circulation, it became possible to save the pump twin...

..Despite the high frequency of the intervention, little research has been performed on its benefit, which remains a controversial topic among different groups of health professionals...

..The pathogenesis remains unclear and its distinction from related disorders uncertain. It is unlikely that strategies to prevent NEC will be successful unless the disease is better understood...

..This series of events exemplifies how clinical research became an integrated managed multidisciplinary endeavor in the 20th century...

..Although a causal relationship of cerebral palsy to the birth never has been established, the habit to put the blame for cerebral palsy on someone remained a frequent attitude...

..A century of basic research was rewarded when Fujiwara introduced surfactant substitution in Japan in 1980 for treatment and prevention of RDS...

..95th percentile was 255 pg/ml. In only 8% (10/121), TPO was below the detection limit compared to 81% of healthy adults (25/31). In cord blood and adult controls, there were no significant correlations of TPO with platelet count or mass...

..The mandatory supplementation of folate in staple foods successfully reduced the incidence of neural tube defects in the United States, Australia, Canada, and Chile, but it was not adopted by most European countries...

..The question arises if the formation of a great number of small NICUs compromises the outcome of infants with less than 1 500 g birthweight (VLBW)...

..The idea of viability is a remnant of vitalism, a medical doctrine popularized in 1780 by Brown. Many short-lived statements defined its limit, but until now what was meant by viability remained nebulous...

..In very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions depend on hematologic values. As few data are available, we studied the course during the first 6 weeks of life...

..We hypothesized that prospective surveillance of these IVH-associated conditions decreases their frequency and thus the frequency of IVH...

..The striking absence of scientific studies on the most efficient resuscitation techniques for neonates can be explained by the difficulty to adjust for the personal skills of the resuscitator...

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..There was no significant difference between cases with and without PSN. We conclude that in the developing human brain, cells expressing the Fas receptor may be susceptible to undergoing apoptosis in response to hypoxic-ischemic injury...

..Thus, erythropoietin may aggravate rather than ameliorate neuronal damage when administered during transient hypoxia...

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..Assuming that sFas and sFasL in milk reflect cellular events during lactogenesis, we aimed to assess the impact of premature parturition and duration of lactation on the concentrations of sFas and sFasL in human milk...

..To assess the ability of the Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) to predict long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants...

..One of the regulators of the apoptotic cell death programme is the receptor mediated Fas/Fas ligand interaction...

..Growth of very low birthweight (VLBW) infants is used to monitor nutrition and intrauterine velocity is taken as the desired goal...

..To evaluate complications of surgical and pharmacological treatment of symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants...

..This analysis compared the power of CRIB, CRIB-II, birth weight and gestational age to predict death prior to discharge...

..The decrease in HIF-1 activity and the increase in hypoxia sensitivity may suggest that NGF act as an hierarchically organized signaling molecule...

..6% to 10.8% for complete investigation, and 0.6% to 1.6% for the marking process. We conclude that 3-D freehand ultrasonography may be useful for examining ventricle dilatation in infancy...

..We hypothesized that very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have reduced serum and red blood cell (RBC) selenium (Se) at birth, which decrease further with current nutrition and are associated with chronic lung disease and septicaemia...

..The authors performed nutritional balances in 10 infants with birth weights of 500 to 999 g and who were fed with fortified human milk...

..In conclusion, juvenile hippocampal slice cultures subjected to hyperoxic reoxygenation display a greater amount of acute neuronal injury than slice cultures undergoing normoxic reoxygenation...

..In conclusion, our data provide evidence that in neuronal cells, TPO production is regulated by different mechanisms than in hepatocytes...

..01). Freehand 3-D US allows quantification of small volumes as neonatal lateral cerebral ventricles. Head position influences the lateral cerebral ventricle volume in low-birth-weight infants...

..In this case, prematurity and loss of chylus with consecutive lymphopenia may have contributed to development of SSSS...

..37. In this respiratory compensated metabolic acidosis, C3a and C5a were not increased. These experiments show that acidosis itself and not lactate trigger for activation of complement components C3 and C5...

..This increase is even more pronounced in neonatal resuscitation using 100% oxygen, currently recommended in the published guidelines...

..Extremely low birthweight (<1000 g) infants are growing rapidly and their nutritional requirements for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium are high...

..We conclude that elevated serum concentrations of protein S-100 and CK-BB reliably indicate moderate and severe HIE as early as 2 h after birth...

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..Hyperoxia induces apoptosis in C8-D1A cells, and E2 seems to be a protecting factor for astrocytes in hyperoxia. This effect is not mediated through up-regulation of pERK1/2...

..86) with the best cutoff at 550 pg/mL on the second day of life in ventilated infants less than 28 wk gestation (sensitivity: 83%; specificity: 86%)...

..Increased intrathecal release of sFas in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants with hydrocephalus may serve as an indicator of brain injury from progressive ventricular dilatation...

..Here, we report the case of a preterm infant with HIV-related life-threatening PAH, which resolved after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy...

..Chorangiomas are villous capillary tumors of the placenta with high impact on neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cardiac complications have occasionally been reported...

..Perinatal outcome of both twins was good. Conclusion: Even in a stable course of pregnancy with stage I TTTS, severe polycythemia of the recipient twin can occur and can require careful PET in a specialized center...

..Speech development is frequently impaired in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Few and controversial data have been published on concepts regarding the influence of bilingual education...

..We conclude that serum protein S-100beta, NSE, and CK-BB, sampled on the first day of life, is of limited value in predicting severe brain damage after birth asphyxia...

..The study demonstrates that bilirubin in low concentration of 10 microM reduces neuron viability and ibuprofen increases this effect. Apoptosis is the underlying cell death mechanism...

..We investigated the role of the Fas death receptor pathway in oxygen-triggered developmental brain injury...

..The addition of the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 (50 microM for 48 h) blocked the EPO effect. These data suggest that EPO improves synaptic transmission during and following ischemia in hippocampal slice cultures...

..Preterm birth and deficient early prosodic information affect prosodic processing during the first half year of life...

..As in this case, if the criteria of an acute hypoxic event sufficient to cause neonatal encephalopathy are not met, then factors other than hypoxia-ischemia may be leading to progressive multicystic encephalopathy...

..To compare the performance of two mortality risk scores for very low birthweight (VLBW) infants...

..GA, GC, and 3-OH-GA directly initiate the apoptotic cascade in oligodendroglia cells. This mechanism may contribute to the white matter damage observed in glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency...

..These cytokines might serve as useful targets for therapeutic approaches aimed at preserving neuronal function in the immature brain, which is exquisitely sensitive to a variety of iatrogenic measures including oxygen...

..We present clinical, molecular, and autopsy findings of a newborn boy presenting with generalized muscular atrophy in combination with congenital bone fractures and extremely thin ribs but without contractures...

..The aim of this study was to determine whether echocardiographic parameters can predict response to ibuprofen treatment of PDA...

..TGF-beta1 CSF concentrations are not elevated in the phase of acute fibroproliferative reactions in patients with PHHC...

..Higher IFN-gamma levels are detected in a subgroup of patients developing cWMD, indicating its involvement in the pathogenesis of cWMD in the context of PHHC...

..Furthermore, neuroprotective properties have been attributed to estrogens. We examined the effect of E2 on hyperoxia-induced cell death in the developing white matter in the rat brain...

..Lower trace element concentrations, did not affect the activities of CuZn-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. Typical diseases of prematurity were not associated with decreased antioxidant enzyme activities...

..The transheterozygous combination of a mutation, previously described in type 1 Gaucher disease, together with a newly identified insertion may result in this severe phenotype...

..To evaluate 3 scores in their ability to predict Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants...

..In previously described cases of sectional spinal dysgenesis, the vertebral and spinal cord malformations are usually found on the same level. Our case may represent a new variant of spinal dysgenesis...

..No mutation was detected in exon 1 of the myophosphorylase gene. No psychomotor development was observed, and the infant died of central apnea at 3 months of age...

..Vasculopathies, vascular malformations, coagulopathies, thrombocytopenia and relevant metabolic disorders could be excluded...

..To determine whether ibuprofen use in VLBW infants is associated with increased serum bilirubin levels and impaired neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age compared to indomethacin...

..To determine whether inflammatory cytokine concentrations (Il-1 beta, Il-6, Il-8 and G-CSF) in umbilical cord blood are useful predictors of an early-onset neonatal infection...

..CONCLUSION: Lactic acidosis leads to an activation of the entire complement system in neonates and in adults. This activation is dose-dependent and more pronounced in adults as compared to neonates...

..Elevated serum concentrations of S-100B, a 21-kDa protein expressed in astroglial cells, has been used to assess cerebral damage after head trauma, infection, ischemia, and perinatal asphyxia...

..1 pg/ml) in 34 of 57 hydrocephalus samples and in 34 of 41 controls. CONCLUSION: We conclude that conditions necessitating surgical intervention in hydrocephalus patients result in increased CSF concentrations of VEGF and EPO...

..Although possible, ultrasonic nebulization of surfactant suspensions is ineffective because of a striking decrease in phospholipid content...

..The cardiac anomaly was confirmed by postnatal magnetic resonance angiography. The chylothorax disappeared with conservative therapy...

..However, the outcome in our case is impaired by severe psychomotor developmental delay, which has not yet been associated with Harlequin Ichthyosis...

..2-Phenoxyethanol is readily absorbed by the newborn's skin but apparently undergoes extensive oxidative metabolization to 2-phenoxyacetic acid...

..These data indicate that mild postischemic hypothermia may have neuroprotective effects after perinatal asphyxia...

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..Its mechanism of action includes an increase of previously described hyperoxia-induced expression of pro-apoptotic factors and deprivation of growth factor dependent signaling components...

..This new syndrome is probably transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode, although X-linked inheritance cannot be excluded...

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..In contrast, VEGF-R2 is the predominant receptor in later angiogenic signaling...

..Positive neuronal nitrotyrosine staining indicates formation of peroxynitrite with potential deleterious effects for immature cellular structures in the neonatal brain...

..The results provide further evidence that IGFBP-2 and IGF-II in breast milk are relevant factors for the early development of preterm infants...

..Infection risk was not increased and weight gain was not delayed with rhEPO beta. CONCLUSION: Early rhEPO beta treatment effectively reduces the need for transfusion in ELBW infants...

..The objective of this systematic review was to identify differences between outbreaks of health care-associated infections in NICUs and other ICUs as reported to date in the medical literature...