Jorg Heukelbach

..Features of endemic scabies are specific in resource-poor and underprivileged communities, with implications for control measures on the community level. In this review, these special aspects are addressed...

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..Dogs are the most common pet animals worldwide. They may harbour a wide range of parasites with zoonotic potential, thus causing a health risk to humans. In Nigeria, epidemiological knowledge on these parasites is limited...

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..In this trial we assessed the efficacy of a product containing a high (92%) concentration of the silicone oil dimeticone (identical in composition to NYDA(R)), as compared to a 1% permethrin lotion...

..The neem shampoo was more effective than the permethrin-based product. We speculate that complex plant-based compounds will replace the well-defined chemical pediculicides if resistance to the commonly used products further increases...

..Low adherence to multidrug therapy against leprosy (MDT) is still an important obstacle of disease control, and may lead to remaining sources of infection, incomplete cure, irreversible complications, and multidrug resistance...

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..Head lice infestations are common in sub-Saharan Africa, but knowledge, attitudes and practices have never been studied in this region...

..Here we assessed in a comparative bioassay the ex vivo efficacy of "NYDA sensitiv", a new two-phase dimeticone-based pediculicide similar to a product established on the market, but without fragrances...

..g. 80%) in head lice collected from the target population should be licensed for sale...

..An overview is given of these three infestations with a discussion of the causative agents, transmission, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment...

..To describe the occurrence of CLM and tungiasis in international travelers, a cross-sectional study was done...

..Local control of HrCLM should be based primarily on the health education of mothers and the elder girls who take care of their younger siblings...

..Consumption of homemade ice was the only variable associated with seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1, 95% confidence interval, 1.53-6.24). Our results suggest that water is a source of infection with Toxoplasma gondii...

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..To assess the short-term and long-term impact of selective mass treatment with ivermectin on the prevalence of intestinal helminthiases and parasitic skin diseases in an economically depressed community in north-east Brazil...

..The study shows that prevalence of tungiasis and parasite burden vary significantly during the year with a peak in the dry season. These findings have important consequences for the design of control measures...

..Our systematic study shows that dogs in Uberlândia carry a high number of parasites which may cause zoonotic diseases in humans; therefore, further specific evidence-based intervention measures are needed...

..The Brazilian National Hansen's Disease Control Program recently identified clusters with high disease transmission. Herein, we present different spatial analytical approaches to define highly vulnerable areas in one of these clusters...

..This knowledge has to be applied in combination with environmental sanitation, health education, and culturally acceptable interventions that are affordable by the underprivileged...

..We expect the future to bring more sensitive and specific clinical and laboratory-based diagnostic methods, as well as new therapeutic strategies...

..Knowledge about this ectoparasitosis is mainly based on the examination of travelers or other expatriates. Population-based studies in an endemic area have never been performed...

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..To describe patterns of spatial distribution of mortality associated with Chagas' disease in Brazil...

..penetrans and that all examined fleas were infected by these endobacteria. Our findings may have important implications for the future development of control strategies for human tungiasis...

..These data reinforce the success of national public health policies and the need to offer comprehensive care to children with HIV/AIDS...

..Animals should be banned from beaches and playgrounds. For protection at the individual level, unprotected skin should not come into contact with possibly contaminated soil...

..splendens may be suitable for biological control of A. aegypti larvae in large domestic water containers, but that appropriate measures should be taken to assure prolonged survival and the presence of fish in the containers...

..The aim of this study was to describe injury and illness, potentially hazardous situations, accidents and other incidents experienced by travellers to a remote National Park in Brazil...

..Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highly prevalent in northeast Brazil, but factors associated with the presence of an STI have rarely been studied systematically...

..HIV-affected families are most vulnerable and should be targeted by specific control programs, preventing additional HIV infections in other children...

..HSR also is an example of a successful cooperation between NGOs and governmental organizations working in HDC...

..Deposits with B. splendens showed a lower position than those used as controls (-0627). We conclude that B. splendens can be used to effectively prevent gravid A. aegypti females from laying eggs in large water containers...

..Future studies are needed to increase the knowledge on the biology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, therapy and control of the ectoparasite...

..The results show that oral ivermectin is without any clinically significant efficacy against embedded sand fleas at the dose given...

..9-23.6) and 12.5% (10.0-15.5), respectively. The most common gynaecological complaint was lower abdominal pain. STI are common in women in rural Brazil and represent an important health threat in view of the HIV pandemic...

..We analyzed mortality trends due to Chagas disease in Brazil and regions, between 1979 and 2009...

..Due to the epidemiological transition in Brazil, chronic Chagas disease and HIV/AIDS coinfection will be further complicated and require the development of evidence-based preventive control measures...

..To determine the extent of population movement after diagnosis with leprosy and to describe the underlying motives and determinants for relocation...

..001). In patients living in resource-poor setting, scabies was associated with considerable morbidity. Treatment with ivermectin rapidly reconstituted health in almost all cases...

..How the parasitic skin disease impairs the quality of life of patients has rarely been investigated...

..ELISA may be useful for screening populations, with subsequent confirmation of diagnosis by KK or other more sensitive, but highly specific methods...

..This broad review shows that the overall situation of pediatric AIDS in Brazil represents an incomplete process of epidemiologic and demographic transition, with the coexistence of old and new clinical and epidemiologic challenges...

..6%. Since untreated sand flea lesions are prone to become superinfected, clinicians should be aware of not missing any ectopic localization of tungiasis...

..In the future, we should see new exciting data on the biology, epidemiology, therapy and control of tungiasis...

..Pediculosis capitis and scabies are common parasitic skin diseases, especially in resource-poor communities, but data on epidemiology and morbidity are scanty...

..The therapy of pediculosis remains a common problem in clinical practice. As resistance to commonly used chemical pediculicides is constantly increasing, there is a need for new effective compounds...

..The data show that eosinophilia occurs in almost one-half of the individuals from a resource-poor setting and that it is significantly associated with the presence of intestinal helminths, but not with the presence of ectoparasites...

..73). Both had the majority of lesions at the toes and digits: 70.2% versus 65.7% (P = 0.79). The Wistar rat model mirrors human tungiasis in topographic distribution...

..Here we present a nationwide analysis on Chagas-associated mortality, and risk factors for death from this disease...

..In contrast, only 4.4% of P. reticulata survived at a chlorine concentration of 1.0 mg/liter. We conclude that B. splendens may be an appropriate species for biological control of Ae. aegypti in domestic water tanks...

..To evaluate a rapid assessment method to estimate the overall prevalence of tungiasis and severity of disease in endemic communities...

..At the end of the third week, the attack rate of Tunga penetrans infestation had already approached 100%...

..Further studies are needed to optimise the doses and administration of these compounds...

..5) in the fishing village. High prevalence rates (range 31-67%) of tungiasis in humans, pets and rats (but apparently not other animals) indicate the need for an eco-epidemiological approach to control of this anthropo-zoonotic problem...

..Histological examination of tissue samples showed a remarkable pseudoepitheliomatous aspect of the epidermis. Clinical features and differential diagnoses are discussed...

..This example of investigative epidemiology in an operational setting shows that targeted intervention leading to increased effectiveness of control measures is possible...