J Reifenberger

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..This review article summarizes the current state of the art concerning the etiology, predisposition and molecular genetics of basal cell carcinoma. In addition, examples of unusual clinical manifestations are illustrated...

..Furthermore, novel pathogenesis-based pharmacological strategies are being developed that promise to improve prevention and therapy...

..In addition, 22% of the melanomas and 50% of the cell lines showed reduced RASSF1A transcript levels. Thus, alterations of Ras pathway genes are of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of sporadic melanomas...

..This drug can eradicate non-melanoma skin cancers by different mechanisms, including cytokine-mediated stimulation of the anti-tumor immune response, as well as the induction of tumor cell apoptosis...

..Taken together, our results indicate that the Wnt pathway may be altered in malignant melanomas by different mechanisms, including rare somatic mutations in CTNNB1, APC or ICAT, as well as low or absent expression of ICAT transcripts...

..Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common human cancer. The genetic alterations underlying BCC development are only partly understood...

..Our findings corroborate that loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 10 is a frequent aberration in malignant melanomas and implicate PTEN as a tumour suppressor gene inactivated by somatic mutation in a fraction of these tumours...

..In summary, our results indicate that both PTCH and SMOH represent important targets for genetic alterations in sporadic BCCs and PNETs...

..Given that HCL is characterized by a profound defect in T-cell function, it is conceivable that T-cell immune dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of BCC, possibly enhancing the aetiological effect of ultraviolet irradiation...

..To our knowledge this is the first report of multiple eruptive myxoid dermatofibromas. We consider this case to be a unique presentation of multiple eruptive dermatofibroma showing massive deposition of mucin...

..This patient is exceptional because tumor resection, probably in conjunction with a marked antitumor immune response, apparently resulted in eradication of the lesion...

..Taking into consideration the aforementioned complications, close interdisciplinary management of these patients and regular screening examinations within affected families are mandatory...

..ES represents a diagnostic challenge, with consequent delay in diagnosis and adequate treatment. The most important measure in the treatment of ES is early surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy if local metastases are present...

..In our patient the lesions were restricted to one segment and therefore she most probably has a type 1 segmental cutaneous leiomyomatosis...

..We summarize important clinical and diagnostic aspects of incontinentia pigmenti as well as its genetic and molecular basis...

..Taking in account the exclusive affection of the irradiated skin, we diagnosed a radiation-induced Favre-Racouchot disease. We recommended topical treatment with vitamin A derivatives in combination with physical comedo extraction...

..In addition, early and efficient antipsoriatic treatment is recommended to prevent the disfiguring complication of scarring alopecia...

..Various studies provided evidence that the macrolide rapamycin decreases growth of brain and kidney tumors by specific inhibition of mTOR kinase. Synergistic effects were observed in combination therapy with the cytokine IFN-gamma...

..In our case we achieved successful results with photodynamic therapy...

..In the case of an unspecific chronic inflammatory process in the nasopharyngeal space one should always consider the possibility of this rare lymphoma, even in Europe...

..The survival time was statistically independent from the presence of MCPyV. There is a striking occurrence of MCPyV in MCC, but whether it affects the clinical course remains unclear...

..Taken together, our results indicate that hypermethylation of CDKN2A, p14ARF, and CDKN2B is an important epigenetic mechanism by which oligodendroglial tumors may escape from p53- and pRb-dependent growth control...

..A 75-year old patient with the most destructive form of BCC, ulcus terebrans, involving the scalp and invading the frontal bone. We discuss the problems and therapeutic limitations for this unusual BCC variant...

..Clinical studies have demonstrated clinical and histological clearance of superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) after treatment with imiquimod 5% cream...

..In spite of a variety of therapeutic attempts (surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy) he followed a rapidly progressive, lethal course with increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus and spinal metastases...

..Our data indicate that inappropriate activation of the WNT/wingless signaling pathway by mutations of its components may contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of PNETs...