Ulrich Hengge

..For tourists, bacterial infections are often complicating a pruritic bite reaction and scratching. It is important to know the cause of the bite reaction and pyoderma in order to take appropriate therapeutic measures...

..However, there are enormous differences in price and effort required for treatment, which should be considered when choosing the method...

..Among the first skin diseases, patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) will enter clinical trials...

..LEARNING OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with topical corticosteroids and their proper use...

..Among the first skin diseases patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa and xeroderma pigmentosum have entered clinical trials...

..An aggressive surgical approach has not been shown to prolong the poor 5-year survival. Cooperation with gynecologists and urologists is essential for the optimal management of such patients...

..The patients are generally older and dyspareunia is less severe. The prevalence of essential vulvodynia is 1-3%. Various interdisciplinary approaches to these two rather frequent genital diseases are discussed...

..However, the translation into clinical trials has only been partially mastered. The latter and the control of immune responses represent challenges for the research community...

..Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing significant sclerosis, atrophy and pruritus. Treatment remains unsatisfactory, with potent corticosteroids being the most effective therapy...

..Moreover, one has to consider HIV if these skin diseases take an atypical or severe course, or if they do not respond properly to appropriate medication. Frequent and rare dermatoses occurring in HIV infection are discussed...

..Other problems such as post-scabies eczema and reinfestation, and newer treatments such as ivermectin are also discussed...

..Topical treatment is particularly attractive for field cancerization involving multiple non-melanoma skin cancers. The dermatologist must identify such patients and lesions and provide the most suited therapy...

..Conclusion: The implementation of a reduced follow-up for melanoma patients seems not only medically justified but also economically required without adversely affecting patient outcome...

..This approach is particularly attractive for skin gene therapy of dominant-negative mutations present in a number of blistering genodermatoses...

..Melanoma-associated retrovirus (MelARV) has been detected in mice and men and was shown to subvert immunosurveillance besides insertional mutagenesis. The state of the art of viral participation in melanomagenesis will be discussed...

..Both, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, may develop. In contrast, New World leishmaniasis is caused by leishmania found in Central and South America and cause may cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral findings...

..Topical immunotherapy using obligate contact sensitizers such as diphencyprone or dinitrochlorobenzene has been used against viral (e.g., common warts) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., alopecia areata)...

..The course of HIV disease in a cohort study outside of clinical trials seems not to depend on the mode of transmission...

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..We present evidence-based treatment recommendations for Lyme borreliosis and review the prevention of Lyme borreliosis, including the Lyme vaccines...

..Resistance exercise training also has had favorable effects on body weight and muscle cell mass. In hypogonadal men with AIDS treated with testosterone replacement therapy, researchers noted a positive effect on depression scores...

..Ultimately, the identification of melanoma-associated genes may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for identifying and targeting malignant melanoma...

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..This convenient method using a simple blood sample may contribute to classification of melanoma and awaits clinical validation...

..Antiapoptotic mechanisms are an emerging concept for the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease possibly leading to clinical applications...

..It also attempts to outline some of the steps needed to develop the key features to be observed in developing diagnostic and prognostic classification systems based upon gene expression profiling...

..Melanoma and human cancers in general undergo a continuous development from benign to malignant states, as most thoroughly documented in the multistep mole-to-melanoma transition...

..As trans-acting factor binding is fundamental to understand the regulation of gene expression, this study focuses on characterization of the specific transcriptional regulation of ASK/Dbf4 in melanoma...

..Thus, inhibition of ERK1/2 in combination with selected chemotherapeutic agents may hold promise for more effective therapy of melanoma...

..In this review, we focus on various DNA microarray-based studies performed in cutaneous melanoma and summarize our current understanding of the genetics and biology of melanoma progression derived from accumulating genomic information...

..The most common side-effects were leuko- and thrombocytopenia. These preliminary results suggest potential therapeutic benefit of treosulfan+gemcitabine treatment in metastatic uveal melanoma and warrant further controlled studies...

..Our data suggest an involvement of the novel S100A15 in epidermal differentiation and inflammation and might therefore be important for the pathogenesis of psoriasis and other diseases...

..Therefore it is tempting to speculate that upon internalization ODN bind to an intracellular receptor (e.g., Toll-like receptor 9) which mediates signaling...

..Substantial redistribution of lymphocytes occurs upon the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and immune-based HIV therapies...

..In summary, epigenetic PTEN silencing seems to be a relevant mechanism of inactivating this tumor suppressor gene in melanoma that may promote melanoma development by derepression of the AKT pathway...

..The quantification of OR on immune cells may help to elucidate the effects of opioid analogues in health and drug addiction...

..This spray method may thus be useful for DNA vaccination. To increase its attractiveness for skin gene therapy, the improvement of topical formulations with enhanced DNA absorption is desirable...

..Our data provide evidence that taxol-induced mitochondrial stress occurs through the activation of both JNK and p38 pathways, and suggest a novel role for UCP2 in the modulation of taxol-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells...

..Following surgical treatment and antibiotic treatment, the patient was cured and is currently well...

..Part 2, to be published next month, will summarise recent insights in the pathogenesis of KS and will discuss other HHV8-related diseases such as Castleman's disease and primary effusion lymphoma...

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..Our study identifies phosphorylated STAT5 in melanoma and shows regulation through rEGF; STAT5 may thus act as a survival factor for growth of human melanoma and may represent a potential target for molecular therapy...

..Pleural effusion lymphoma has an intermediate immunophenotype lacking B or T lymphocyte antigens and also belongs to the diseases associated with HHV8...

..We report on a female patient who according to the criteria of AGEP was diagnosed as having acute localized exanthematic pustulosis (ALEP) on the face...

..The texture of the skin at various different body locations may explain the varying sensitivities to imiquimod when facial skin is compared with skin on the extremities...

..The unique ethnic background of the Cuban population may explain the variety of different KSHV strains...

..These data indicate that our protein arrays provide protein information in a systematic, reproducible, and also high-throughput fashion...

..These data hold promise for further development of rAAV-2-based suicide gene therapy of sarcomas...

..By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and HHV-8 genotyping we provide strong evidence for the sexual transmission of HHV-8 in this unique cohort...

..An interdisciplinary management and a continued care of patients with LS will improve the clinical manifestations and quality of life...

..Nevertheless, activation of the RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway might have a causative role in the development of neuroendocrine tumors, independent of BRAF or k-ras-2 mutation...

..The molecular epidemiology of the KSHV subtypes seems to reflect the unique mixed ethnic background of the Cuban population...

..The highly standardized titration by RQPCR described here will be especially advantageous for groups working on AAV-based gene therapy in a good manufacturing practice setting...

..In conclusion, our data indicate that 2-hit gene silencing of SEMA3B through epigenetic changes and allele loss is a common and important event in the carcinogenesis of malignant liver tumors...

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