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..A proper diagnostic management should include pneumologists, gastroenterologists and ENT physicians working together. An in-depth knowledge about pathomechanisms, possible triggers and diseases associated with cough is essential...

..If the suspicion of hearing impairment as the cause of problems in daily life is not confirmed in a patient, ENT specialists should also consider genetic causes in the differential diagnosis...

..To assess concurrent validity the correlation between test results using this material and results of an intelligence test were examined...

..However, test results may be influenced by other factors beside correct acoustic representation. Here we studied if working memory capacity (WMC) correlates with reproducing sets of minimal pairs...

..Only in the case of the latter is it necessary to operate consciously with speech sounds. This study aims to evaluate whether the aforementioned differentiation between low- and high-level phonological processing is justified...

..Furthermore, in all children with developmental delay and dysmorphic features a chromosomal analysis should be initiated...

..In this report the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently applied for autism and its importance for ENT specialists are presented...

..Research on type F toxin is also underway. In this article, the history of botulinum toxin, its therapeutic activity and possibilities for its use are described...

..Also sensorineural and conduction hearing loss are described. In children with speech delay the physician should consider a genetic or syndromal disease...

..Thermal necrosis had a range of about 5 microm. Further investigations on the vocal folds of humans must be performed to determine whether this laser is qualified for clinical applications...

..Furthermore, factors which need to be considered in order to differentiate between APD and other diseases are specified. Therapeutic intervention possibilities which are rated according to their prognostic values conclude the article...

..The number of symptoms are related to the loss of genetic material. To our knowledge this is the first description of a patient with interstitial deletion of chromosome 1 (q23-q31)...

..However, little is known about the reliability and validity of discrimination abilities in preschool children as assessed by these tests. Based on previous results we now developed a test material based on minimal pair presentation...

..Thus, we propose that OCT be introduced as a new method for the detection of morphological changes in the vocal fold complementary to other established methods...

..The results indicate that frequency specific auditory evoked responses provide reliable threshold estimations. Future experiments are required to confirm the threshold deviations for hard of hearing individuals...

..Screening the entire PAX 3 gene revealed C64A und T164A mutations in exon I und II, both being missense mutations. Neither mutation has not been reported previously...

..Therefore, the IRR of the four point RBH (roughness, breathiness, hoarseness vs overall grade) scale was studied. Other parameters, e.g. validity and intrarater reliability were not considered...

..This predicts that auditory processing tests do not correlate with phonological processing tasks...

..In this report the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies currently applied for ADHD and their importance for ENT specialists are presented...

..We report our experiences using these different techniques for the monitoring of patients and their treatment with botulinum toxin in laryngeal movement disorders...

..Therefore, the mean length of utterance estimation can be used to assess and monitor the progress of grammar acquisition...

..This fixation led to two separated "neo" glottides, one being in the anterior third and the other in the posterior third of the vocal folds...

..In Germany testing auditory low level skills has gained some popularity. However only few studies have provided norms. Prior to further testing we here aimed at establishing normal values for school children...

..Some children suffer from difficulties processing auditory information despite normal cochlear function. Here we raised the question if hearing aid (HA) fitting might be beneficial for such children...

..Therefore, it appears mandatory that ear-nose-throat physicians have at least a basic knowledge of the theory of phonological processing. This will enable proper consultation with parents of affected children...

..To further explore this theory we compared different measures of auditory low level skills to writing skills in school children...

..Taking the phonological deficit theory as a basis, minimal pair reproduction, i.e. a simple phonological task, was measured in schoolchildren and compared with their spelling performance...

..Here we tested whether low level auditory processing is correlated with a simple phonological processing task, thus indicating a close relationship between higher sensory and lower cognitive processing...

..Here we discuss the rational for prescribing therapy for aphasia patients based on current guidelines and discuss how the patients and relatives can be best advised...

..As a possible alternative, children with osteopathia striata and cranial sclerosis with hearing loss should be fitted with hearing aids because surgery of the middle ear probably will be difficult or perhaps not possible...

..For testing this theory we compared parents' ratings of APD and ADHD behavioural characteristics...

..Here, our current knowledge of these processes is outlined and theories that model speech perception in general are briefly reviewed...

..The VLMT (auditory verbal learning and memory test) was constructed for use in children and adults. This study aimed at investigating the ecological validity in children...

..Audiometry demonstrated a pantonal hearing loss. Since children affected by this syndrome may also have a severe hearing impairment early testing is mandatory...

..Other factors beside severity of APD may cause "pathological" NC-ERP. Here we raise the question of whether maturational factors may be responsible for disordered NC-ERP...

..If a combination of these exist, it is advisable to carry out a genetic examination of the child in order to determine whether VCFS is present or not. This is the only way of providing an early diagnosis of this syndrome...

..Here we investigated whether NC-ERP may be used as a tool to differentiate between APD and ADHD...

..In some patients no improvement can be achieved with conservative therapy and a velopharyngoplasty (VPP) may be indicated. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term results after VPP...

..However,normative values for the German language are not yet available. In order to overcome this problem, this study evaluated such norms using NasalView...

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..In addition, a good reference is required as "golden standard."..

..Signal detection theory may help to explain why results obtained with various procedures may be quite different...

..However, this did not explain much of the variance. DISCUSSION: According to our results, APD can be assumed to be a one dimensional construct. In addition, noise hypersensitivity may be separable from other APD complaints...

..Furthermore, it is difficult to distinguish dementia from semantic dementia, Broca's aphasia and chronic progressive aphasia...

..Here we studied if there is a correlation between two hotly debated measures of auditory low-level processing and measures of phonological processing in preschool children...

..Otolaryngologists have to be aware of PLI in case children with communication problems are referred to them. This may enable a timely diagnosis and early intervention...

..However, little is known about the stability of discrimination abilities in preschool children. We investigated the test-retest reliability of a newly developed test material...

..These data indicate that objective measurements of vibratory cycle irregularity during text reading can be used for clinical purposes in addition to subjective roughness scaling...

..Phonological awareness in native German speaking school children in grades 1 through 4 can be tested using the BAKO 1-4. We raised the question whether BAKO 1-4 subtests probe different aspects of phonological processing...

..However, data regarding their effectiveness and efficiency are sparse. Here we compare the outcome of traditional voice treatment versus electrostimulation voice exercise...

..DISCUSSION: The degree of markedness in MP influenced the correct perception/production of these MP. This influence must be regarded as fairly weak...

..Here we raised the question if phoneme discrimination abilities in male preschool children are inferior to female's phoneme discrimination abilities thus indicating less efficient phonological processing in boys...

..However test results may be influenced by other factors beside proper acoustic representation. Here we aim at determining whether working memory capacity (WMC) correlates with reproducing sets of MP...

..The mediated theory holds that fluctuant hearing loss endangers diffuse cognitive-linguistic effects, affecting speech perception and production...

..In this report, the strategies in diagnostics and therapy which should be known by ENT specialists are presented...

..A normal result has been obtained in 98 patients; a deletion 22q11.2 was present in three patients (2.8%) with cleft palate...

..quot; They often feature a transverse yellowish appearance of the middle third of the vocal cord, resembling a bamboo node. Typical histologic signs are similar to rheumatoid nodules...

..Voice quality was breathy after the injection; however, neither aspiration nor dysphagia developed. Surprisingly, the maximum phonation time increased...