Sabine Rohrmann

..Thus, we investigated the association between educational attainment and multimorbidity in a prospective cohort study, taking also into account intermediate factors that could explain such associations...

..Since the detected DNA adducts were not necessarily specific only for HCA, it is possible that HCA intake is a surrogate of other genotoxic substances, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in meat prepared at high temperatures...

..Although there was no overall association between ethanol intake and risk of lung cancer, the authors cannot rule out a lower risk for moderate consumption and a possibly increased risk for high lifelong consumption...

..To examine the association of baseline and lifetime ethanol intake with cancer of the pancreas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)...

..The best-established risk factors are related to dys-regulation of immune function, and evidence suggests that factors such as dietary or lifestyle habits may be involved in the etiology...

..No statistically significant association was observed for alcohol intake from specific alcoholic beverages. Our results indicate no association between the consumption of alcohol and prostate cancer in this cohort of European men...

..The present study offers the opportunity of a detailed examination of the associations between meat cooking as well as HCA intake from meat and cancer risk in a prospective way...

..We explored the association between education and the incidence of lymphoma in the prospective EPIC study...

..BMI is considered to be one of the measures of choice to evaluate body fatness and there is evidence that body fatness is related with an increased risk of breast cancer (BC)...

..We concluded that supplement use is a fairly unstable behaviour in free-living individuals. Individuals with a favourable lifestyle and healthier diet are more likely to show consistent supplementation...

..37). The increased risks of advanced-stage and high-grade prostate cancer with higher serum ucOC/iOC ratio strengthen the findings for dietary menaquinone intake...

..Future analysis should involve viral biomarkers and genetic susceptibility markers to elucidate potential mechanisms of smoking-induced carcinogenesis, particularly for Hodgkin's lymphoma...

..Chance is a plausible explanation of the observed associations, which need to be confirmed in further studies...

..Heterogeneities by receptor status indicate hormone-related mechanisms...

....

..To prospectively evaluate the association of vitamin/mineral supplementation with cancer, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality...

..Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the role of adiponectin in pancreatic cancer development...

..Anticarcinogenic activities of vitamin K have been observed in animal and cell studies...

..For some nutrients the dietary changes were consistent with results from independent national surveys. The performance of the FFQ gives confidence in the dietary data to be used as long-term exposure variables...

..Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs), which arise from cooking meat and fish at high temperatures, may increase the risk of colorectal adenomas. Conversely, flavonoids might counteract the negative effects of HCAs...

..In addition to an overall inverse association with fruit intake, the results of this evaluation add evidence for a significant inverse association of vegetable consumption and lung cancer incidence in smokers...

..This information will help to further elucidate the mechanism of action of potentially protective substances in vivo...

..It can be assumed that the elevated risks found for occupational physical activity are not produced mechanistically by physical activity itself but rather reflect exposure to occupation-related lung cancer risk factors...

..Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) is important in normal brain development but in the adult brain, IGF-I overexpression may be a risk factor for tumor development...

..We provided epidemiological evidence that chronic inflammation might mediate the association between obesity and endometrial cancer and that endometrial carcinogenesis could be promoted by an inflammatory milieu...

..We investigated the association of lifestyle and obesity with colorectal adenoma risk in a prospective setting...

..The use of dietary supplements is often associated with a healthy lifestyle. Due to high variation in supplementation practice by country, these associations will be investigated in a large German cohort study...

..Epidemiologic studies linking dietary intake of vitamin K with the development of prostate cancer have not yet been conducted...

..However, findings of an ultimately decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are limited. Instead, recent evidence warns that taking calcium supplements might increase myocardial infarction (MI) risk...

..This prospective cohort study provides no strong evidence to support that high dietary calcium and magnesium intake in the intake range observed in a German population may reduce cancer incidence or mortality...

..Heterocyclic amines (HCA) are positively associated with prostate cancer risk in animal models. Because of mostly inconsistent results of epidemiological studies, we examined the association between intake of HCA and prostate cancer risk...

..To analyse participation in the German cervical cancer screening programme by socio-demographic characteristics...

..However, prospective data on their association with cancer of specific sites, including pancreatic cancer, are limited...

..We evaluated the association between serum selenium status and prostate cancer risk in a population with relative low selenium concentrations considering effect modification by genetic variants in selenoprotein genes...

....

..The positive association of poultry consumption with pancreatic cancer might be a chance finding as it contradicts most previous findings...

..To examine the association of education with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)...

..Development and validation of a short instrument to assess the dietary intake of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCA)...

..This study shows an inverse association between dietary intake of GLS and the risk of prostate cancer. Because this is the first prospective study using individual GLS intake data, confirmation in other studies is warranted...

..The short list should be able to correctly classify persons according to their intake...

..Since an increasing difference between smoking prevalence of less and high educated individuals is observable, programs on smoking cessation should especially concentrate on persons of lower educational level...

..On the other hand, we found that two SNPs in FASN were associated with BMI...

..57 and 0.22 in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively). In this large prospective cohort, we found no evidence for an association between dietary vitamin D or calcium intake and breast cancer risk...

..Modifiable factors may also play a role. In the present study, before this antioxidant can be recommended as a preventive measure...

..The validation results did not change when a weighed score was used instead of the simple one, indicating that a simple score does not introduce a higher amount of misclassification...

..Since dietary intake estimates suffer from imprecision, the measurement of these compounds (or metabolites of) in biological specimens collected in epidemiological studies is expected to improve accuracy of exposure estimation...

..To assess dietary and nondietary determinants of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) as a measure of vitamin K status...

..To examine whether pregnancy loss (miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth) is associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke...

..It is, however, unclear which factors induce prostate growth in these men. We examined the association of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its major binding protein IGFBP-3 with LUTS in a representative US study...

..We aimed to develop a precise risk score for the screening of large populations for individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes based on noninvasive measurements of major risk factors in German study populations...

..To examine the association between anthropometry and endometrial cancer, particularly by menopausal status and exogenous hormone use subgroups...

..Nutrients with antioxidant properties or that influence cell growth and differentiation might reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)...

..We have investigated the association between occasional smoking and cancer of the bladder, kidney, pancreas, upper aero-digestive tract and lung...

..Dietary recommendations should consider the potential benefit of increasing fruits and vegetables consumption for reducing the risk of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, particularly at low intake...

..Increases in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma in the past implicate environmental factors as potential causal agents...

..50-1.35 for most active versus inactive). Future studies should consider including measurements of waist and hip circumference, to further investigate the relationship between central adiposity and the risk of pancreatic cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS: This small but prospective study suggests that higher plasma vitamin C concentrations within the normal physiologic range are not associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer in well-nourished men...

..Additional larger prospective studies with repeated measure of these parameters are warranted to explore these associations further...

..The relative risk reductions are most apparent for household activities...

..It has been hypothesized that this may be due, in part, to the parallel rising prevalence of obesity. It is biologically plausible that anthropometric characteristics can infuence the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma...

..Previous studies suggest that high plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may reduce the risk of prostate cancer...

....

..However, the results from more recent prospective studies do not support this hypothesis, and the possible association between different food sources of fat and prostate cancer risk also remains unclear...

..03, 95%CI=0.98-1.09). In this large European cohort, both lifetime and baseline alcohol consumption increase colon and rectum cancer risk, with more apparent risk increases for alcohol intakes greater than 30 g/day...

....

....

..Studies investigating the association of cadmium and sex steroid hormones in men have been inconsistent, but previous studies were relatively small...

..Results suggest that being overweight in young adulthood may be associated with a lower prevalence of LUTS later in life, whereas weight gain and central adiposity in adulthood are possibly associated with a higher prevalence of LUTS...

..The effect modification of the association with vitamin C by cigarette smoking warrants additional examination...

..We evaluated the association of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs with subsequent prostate cancer in a prospective study. We also assessed whether use of these drugs influences serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration...

..Current cigarette smoking was not consistently associated with the condition. The possible association in former smokers warrants further investigation...

..63; 95% CI 1.40-4.94) than in men who were younger at vasectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this prospective study suggest a positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer, especially low-grade disease...

..62; 0.36-1.08). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a strong genetic component of lower urinary tract symptoms, but also support previous studies that modifiable environmental risk factors are associated with this condition...

..To examine the association of cigarette smoking with subsequent fatal prostate cancer...

..Previous studies comparing hormone levels by race might have been limited by size, restricted age variation, or lack of representation of the general population...

..Therefore, we examined each of these associations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey...

..5 v. 23.1 g/d, P<0.01) and peanuts (46.1 v. 35.1 g/d, P<0.01) per day than women. These data may be useful in devising research initiatives and health policy strategies based on the intake of this food group...

..To evaluate the association of meat and dairy food consumption with subsequent risk of prostate cancer...

..Some studies suggest that elevated serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and, in particular, with an increased risk of advanced-stage prostate cancer...

..Obesity may be associated with a poorer histology in young men with PCa, especially in men younger than 50 years of age...