Michael Nauck

..To investigate efficacy and safety of dual therapy with liraglutide and metformin in comparison to glimepiride and metformin, and metformin monotherapy over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes...

..Use of an "amended" insulin-glucose ratio that accounts for the normal variation in insulin secretion according to prevailing glycemia may improve diagnostic accuracy...

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..We compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dapagliflozin with the sulfonylurea glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy...

..The aim of this 52-week, open-label, non-inferiority trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of exenatide (an incretin mimetic) with that of biphasic insulin aspart...

..The results of recent head-to-head trials are reviewed, comparing the effects of incretin-based therapies on a range of clinical parameters, including glycemia, β-cell function, weight, and cardiovascular function...

..The efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) to metformin were compared with addition of placebo or glimepiride to metformin in subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetes (OAD) therapy...

..To examine the options for add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes whose disease is no longer adequately controlled by lifestyle interventions and oral antidiabetic drug (OAD)monotherapy...

..5 and 25 mg in combination with metformin in patients whose HbA(1c) levels were inadequately controlled on metformin alone...

..To compare the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin vs. glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control [haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) > or = 6.5 and < or = 10%] on metformin monotherapy...

..For more long-term metabolic control, incretin mimetics (agonists at the GLP-1 receptor) with more favourable pharmacokinetic profiles should be used...

..Effects of the long acting GLP-1 analogue--liraglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes...

..Rather, factors are identified that may determine individual incretin secretory responses and explain some of the variations in published findings of group differences in GLP-1 responses to nutrient intake...

..A metabolic syndrome should certainly be diagnosed if three components are present, although even in the presence of only two components, an elevated risk is evident...

..Myocardial ischaemia can also develop during emergency or elective angioplasty and during coronary bypass surgery. Therefore discontinuation of sulfonylurea treatment should be considered in these circumstances...

..We studied whether GIP can alter the insulinotropic or glucagonostatic activity of GLP-1 in type 2 diabetic patients...

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..secretion different after oral and during intravenous glucose administration? (2) If so, is this related to the secretion of incretin hormones? (3) Is glucagon secretion abnormal in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes?..

..His diabetic state disappeared (2 h plasma glucose after 75 g oral glucose 159 mg/dl=IGT) after successful pituitary surgery (normal 24 h urinary cortisol excretion and adequate cortisol suppression with 2 mg dexamethasone)...

..4-8.5 mmol/l). In conclusion, GLP-1 is able to normalize plasma glucose in all type 2-diabetic patients studied. This analysis underlines the great therapeutic potential of GLP-1...

..Together, these results suggest a normalization of the pulsatile pattern of insulin secretion by GLP-1, which supports the future therapeutic use of GLP-1-derived agents...

..In conclusion, a reduced insulinotropic activity of GIP is typical for a substantial subgroup of normoglycemic first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes, pointing to an early, possibly genetic defect...

..In case of doubt, detection of sulphonylurea preparations in serum or urine is the only reliable way of diagnosing factitious hypoglaema due to the ingestion of sulphonylurea...

..The initially impaired insulin secretion from the transplant may also be explained by the action of glucocorticoids or by transient and reversible organ damage...

..Therefore, we studied the effect of GIP on glucagon secretion under normoglycaemic conditions...

..Memory effects exist for glucose and sulfonylureas. It is not known whether there is a B-cell memory for incretin hormones such as GLP-1...

..Larger prospective studies will be necessary to finally clarify this question...

..Therefore, therapeutic strategies based on either augmenting or antagonising GIP action are far from being established alternatives for the future therapy of type 2 diabetes or obesity...

..The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of acarbose on GLP-1 release and gastric emptying in Type 2 diabetic patients after a mixed test meal...

..The secretion of GIP and GLP-1 was assessed following oral glucose ingestion...

..Glucagon-like peptide 1 does not comfortably fulfil the criterion of a gut derived factor responsible for an enhanced meal related insulin response; it appears logical to add the definition of a "physiological incretin hormone"...

..These lipid alterations could explain, at least in part, the reported weak association between chronic HP infection and atherosclerotic diseases...

..Exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) lowers postprandial glycaemia predominantly by slowing gastric emptying. Therefore, the effects of GLP-1 on postprandial lipid levels and gastric emptying were assessed...

..Direct measurement of peripheral insulin may be more sensitive than C-peptide to detect low levels of autonomous insulin secretion in small insulinomas...

..Blood glucose concentration 2 hours after oral glucose intake thus seems to be an important predictor of death after AMI...